US2416338A - Frequency selective system - Google Patents

Frequency selective system Download PDF

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US2416338A
US2416338A US587750A US58775045A US2416338A US 2416338 A US2416338 A US 2416338A US 587750 A US587750 A US 587750A US 58775045 A US58775045 A US 58775045A US 2416338 A US2416338 A US 2416338A
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liquid
accordance
collectors
radiators
arc
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US587750A
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Warren P Mason
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AT&T Corp
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Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
    • H03H9/00—Networks comprising electromechanical or electro-acoustic devices; Electromechanical resonators
    • H03H9/30—Time-delay networks
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
    • G01H3/00—Measuring characteristics of vibrations by using a detector in a fluid
    • G01H3/04—Frequency
    • G01H3/06—Frequency by electric means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/18—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound
    • G10K11/22—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound for conducting sound through hollow pipes, e.g. speaking tubes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
    • H03H9/00—Networks comprising electromechanical or electro-acoustic devices; Electromechanical resonators
    • H03H9/46—Filters

Definitions

  • This invention relates to frequency selective systems and more particularly to a system for separating compressional waves propagated in an elastic medium.
  • An object of the invention is to direct cornpressional waves into separate channels on a frequency basis.
  • the compressional wave frequency selective system in accordance with the invention comprises an elastic medium in which are positioned a number of compressional wave radiators, equal- 1y spaced along a uniform compressional wave transmission line, and a number of compressional wave collectors.
  • the radiators are so arranged that waves of different frequencies are focused at different points and the collectors are located at these focal points.
  • the radiators may be arranged in an arc and the collectors in a second arc, the arcs having equal radii and facing each other on their concave sides.
  • the radiators may, for example, be orifices in the side of a tube which is filled with a second elastic medium and supplied with energy from a multifrequency compressional wave. source.
  • the collectors may be piezoelectric devices which are responsive over the band to be transmitted by the particular channel.
  • the elastic mediums may be liquids and the first-mentioned preferably has a higher velocity of propagation than the second.
  • the system comprises a liquid-tight container l filled with a liquid 2 in which are disposed a numberof compressional wave radiators 3 and twelve compressional wave collectors Rl'to RIZ.
  • the radiators 3 are spaced at equal distances D along a uniform compressional wave transmission line 4 in the form of a closed tube 6 filled with a second liquid 1.
  • the radiators are constituted by horn-shaped orifices in the side of the tube 6 and are covered at the base by wires [3 connecting the input terminals H and;
  • [2 to the source 9 pass through a liquid-tight plug M in the side of the container I and through a similar plug l5 in the end plate It of the tube 6.
  • the tube 6 follows the arc of a circle of radius A centered at the point ll.
  • the frequency f0 for which the spacing D is equal to one Wavelength in the liquid 1, that is, when where V2 is the velocity of compressional wave propagation in the liquid 1, the energy radiated from all the radiators 3 will be in phase and will be focused on the point IT.
  • the frequency In is preferably chosen as approximately the geometric mean frequency of the multifrequency source 9. However, because of the successive phase difierences between the successive radiators 3, the radiated energy of other frequencies will be focused at different points.
  • waves of a certain frequency lower than f0 will be focused at a point such as 18 to the left of the point I1 and those of a certain frequency higher than in will be focused at a point such as IE to the right of the point I'l.
  • All of the points l1, l8 and I9 fall on the arc of a second circle having a radius ll-ZI also equal to A, with its center at the point 2! lying on the arc of the radiators 3.
  • the collectors Rl to FIZ are, therefore, arranged along the arc of this second circle.
  • the two arcs preferably lie in the same plane and preferably have a common radius l'l2l.
  • the point 2i is at the center of the arc of the radiators 3 and the point I! is at the center of the arc of the collectors Rl to RIZ.
  • is given by the formula where V1 is the velocity of compressional wave propagation in the liquid 2.
  • V1 is the velocity of compressional wave propagation in the liquid 2.
  • the frequencies are spread. out more as the ratio of V1 to V2 is increased. Therefore, the liquid 2 preferably has a higher velocity than the liquid 1.
  • the discrimination between frequencies may beincreased by increasing the number of radiators 3 and by making the cross-sectional'areas tral orifice at 2
  • each crystal 24 and the associated resonator 23 has a radial len th approximately equal to a quarter wavelength at the geometric mean frequency of the band to be picked up.
  • the angular extent of the mosaic of crystals is determined by the width of the desired band. The width'of each crystal 24, however. should not materially exceed a quarter wavelength.
  • the lead wires 26 and 21 are connected, respectively, to the u per and lower electrodes of the crystals 24.
  • the wires 26 and 21 pass out of the container I through a liquid-tight plug 28 to a pa r of output terminals 30 and 3
  • connections are shown only for the end collectors RI and RIZ. It is to be understood. however, that the other collectors R2 to RI I will also have lead wires similar to 26 and 2! connecting the crystal electrodes to output terminals simi ar to 30 and 3
  • a series inductance L and a shunt capacitance C may be included in each channel to improve, the discrimination between channels.
  • the inner side of the container I and the end ofthe tube 6 are preferably provided with vibration absorbing material.
  • This may, for example, comprise a layer of copper shavings or foil 32 retained in place by a screen 33.
  • a frequency selective system comprising a source of multifrequency compressional waves, a compressional wave transmission line upon one end of which said Waves are impressed, a plural ity of compressional wave radiators connected to said line with a spacing equal to a wavelength in said line at a frequency of said source, a plurality of compressional wave collectors, and an elastic medium interposed between said radiators and said collectors, said radiators being arrayed in an arc whereby waves of different frequencies are focused at different points and said collectors being located, respectively, at said points.
  • a system in accordance with claim 1 in which said collectors are arrayed in a second arc, said arcs having the same radius and facing each other on their concave sides.
  • radiators are arrayed along the arc of a circle and said collectors are positioned some to one side and some to the other side of the center of said circle.
  • a system in accordance with claim 1 in which said line comprises a tube filled with liquid and said radiators are constituted by hornshaped orifices in the side of said tube. 15. A system in accordance with claim 1 in which said radiators have radiating areas which progressively decrease in size from the central radiator to the end radiators.
  • a system in accordance with claim 1 in which said line comprises a tube filled with liquid and said radiators are constituted by orifices in the side of said tube, the cross-sectional areas of said orifices progressively decreasing in size from s the central orifice to the end orifices. 1'7.
  • each of said collectors is responsive to a band of frequencies.
  • a frequency selective system comprising a tube formed into an arc and filled with a first liquid, a source of multifrequency compressional waves at one end of said tube, a plurality of orifices in the side of said tube with a spacing equal to a wavelength in said first liquid at a frequency of said source, a plurality of compressionalwave collectors arrayed in a second arc, and a second liquid interposed between said orifices and said collectors, said arcs lying in the same plane, having the same radius, and facing each other on their concave sides.

Description

FREQUENCY SELECTIVE SYSTEM Filed April 11, 1945 INVENTOR By W R MASON A TTORNEV Patented Feb. 25, 1947 UNITED STATE s PATENT rricn FREQUENCY SELECTIVE SYSTEM Application April 11, 1945', Serial No. 587,750
23 Claims.
This invention relates to frequency selective systems and more particularly to a system for separating compressional waves propagated in an elastic medium.
An object of the invention is to direct cornpressional waves into separate channels on a frequency basis.
Other objects are to improve the efficiency, simplify the construction, and reduce the size and cost of multichannel frequency selective systems.
The compressional wave frequency selective system in accordance with the invention comprises an elastic medium in which are positioned a number of compressional wave radiators, equal- 1y spaced along a uniform compressional wave transmission line, and a number of compressional wave collectors. The radiators are so arranged that waves of different frequencies are focused at different points and the collectors are located at these focal points. For example, the radiators may be arranged in an arc and the collectors in a second arc, the arcs having equal radii and facing each other on their concave sides. The radiators may, for example, be orifices in the side of a tube which is filled with a second elastic medium and supplied with energy from a multifrequency compressional wave. source. The collectors may be piezoelectric devices which are responsive over the band to be transmitted by the particular channel. The elastic mediums may be liquids and the first-mentioned preferably has a higher velocity of propagation than the second.
The nature of the invention will be more fully understood from the following detailed description and by reference to the accompanying drawing, the single figure of which shows in horizontal section a multichannel compressional wave frequency selective system in accordance with the invention.
As shown, the system comprises a liquid-tight container l filled with a liquid 2 in which are disposed a numberof compressional wave radiators 3 and twelve compressional wave collectors Rl'to RIZ. The radiators 3 are spaced at equal distances D along a uniform compressional wave transmission line 4 in the form of a closed tube 6 filled with a second liquid 1. The radiators are constituted by horn-shaped orifices in the side of the tube 6 and are covered at the base by wires [3 connecting the input terminals H and;
[2 to the source 9 pass through a liquid-tight plug M in the side of the container I and through a similar plug l5 in the end plate It of the tube 6.
The tube 6 follows the arc of a circle of radius A centered at the point ll. Now, at the frequency f0, for which the spacing D is equal to one Wavelength in the liquid 1, that is, when where V2 is the velocity of compressional wave propagation in the liquid 1, the energy radiated from all the radiators 3 will be in phase and will be focused on the point IT. The frequency In is preferably chosen as approximately the geometric mean frequency of the multifrequency source 9. However, because of the successive phase difierences between the successive radiators 3, the radiated energy of other frequencies will be focused at different points. Thus, waves of a certain frequency lower than f0 will be focused at a point such as 18 to the left of the point I1 and those of a certain frequency higher than in will be focused at a point such as IE to the right of the point I'l. All of the points l1, l8 and I9 fall on the arc of a second circle having a radius ll-ZI also equal to A, with its center at the point 2! lying on the arc of the radiators 3. The collectors Rl to FIZ are, therefore, arranged along the arc of this second circle. The two arcs preferably lie in the same plane and preferably have a common radius l'l2l. Also, preferably, the point 2i is at the center of the arc of the radiators 3 and the point I! is at the center of the arc of the collectors Rl to RIZ.
For waves of any frequency f, the angle 0 between the common radius l'l-2l and the line connecting the focal point such as !9 and the point 2| is given by the formula where V1 is the velocity of compressional wave propagation in the liquid 2. For frequencies above fo the angle 0 will be positive and for frequencies below in it will be negative, as indicated on the drawing. It is seen from Equation 2 that the frequencies are spread. out more as the ratio of V1 to V2 is increased. Therefore, the liquid 2 preferably has a higher velocity than the liquid 1. The discrimination between frequencies may beincreased by increasing the number of radiators 3 and by making the cross-sectional'areas tral orifice at 2| to the end orifices. As shown, thecompressional wave collectors R! of the orifice progressively smaller from the cento RI2 are of the piezoelectric type, each comprising a number of piezoelectric crystal elements, with the usual electrodes, arranged side by side to form a mosaic. The crystals are attached at their ends to a supporting member 22 and backed by a metallic resonator 23. The collector RI, for example. employs four crystals 24. Each crystal 24 and the associated resonator 23 has a radial len th approximately equal to a quarter wavelength at the geometric mean frequency of the band to be picked up. The angular extent of the mosaic of crystals is determined by the width of the desired band. The width'of each crystal 24, however. should not materially exceed a quarter wavelength.
The lead wires 26 and 21 are connected, respectively, to the u per and lower electrodes of the crystals 24. The wires 26 and 21 pass out of the container I through a liquid-tight plug 28 to a pa r of output terminals 30 and 3| to-which a suitable load impedance may be connected. In order to simplify the drawing, connections are shown only for the end collectors RI and RIZ. It is to be understood. however, that the other collectors R2 to RI I will also have lead wires similar to 26 and 2! connecting the crystal electrodes to output terminals simi ar to 30 and 3|, thus forming twelve separate channels. A series inductance L and a shunt capacitance C may be included in each channel to improve, the discrimination between channels.
In order to prevent undesired reflection of waves the inner side of the container I and the end ofthe tube 6 are preferably provided with vibration absorbing material. This may, for example, comprise a layer of copper shavings or foil 32 retained in place by a screen 33.
What is claimed is:
1. A frequency selective system comprising a source of multifrequency compressional waves, a compressional wave transmission line upon one end of which said Waves are impressed, a plural ity of compressional wave radiators connected to said line with a spacing equal to a wavelength in said line at a frequency of said source, a plurality of compressional wave collectors, and an elastic medium interposed between said radiators and said collectors, said radiators being arrayed in an arc whereby waves of different frequencies are focused at different points and said collectors being located, respectively, at said points.
2. A system in accordance with claim 1 in which said collectors are arrayed in a second arc.
3. A system in accordance with claim 1 in which said collectors are arrayed in a second arc, said arcs having the same radius and facing each other on their concave sides.
4. A system in accordance with claim 1 in which said collectors are arrayed in a second arc, said arcs lying in the same plane, having the same radius, and facing each other on their concave sides.
5. A system in accordance with claim 1 in which said collectors are arrayed in a second arc, said arcs having a common radius.
6. A system in accordance with claim 1 in which said collectors are arrayed in a secod are, said arcs lying in the same plane and having a common radius.
'7. A system in accordance with claim 1 in which said radiators are arrayed along the arc of a circle and said collectors are positioned some to one side and some to the other side of the center of said circle.
8. A system in accordance with claim 1 in which said spacing is approximately equal to a wavelength in said line at the geometric mean frequency of said source.
9. A system in accordance with claim 1 in which said medium is a liquid.
10. A system in accordance with claim 1 in which said line comprises a tube filled with liquid.
11. A system in accordance with claim 1 in which. the velocity of propagation in said medium is higher than the velocity in said line.
12. A system in accordance with claim 1 in which said medium is a liquid and said line comprises a tube filled with a second liquid, said firstmentioned liquid having a higher velocity of propagation than said second liquid.
13. A system in accordance with claim 1 in which said line comprises a tube filled with liquid and said radiators are constituted by orifices in the side of said tube.
14. A system in accordance with claim 1 in which said line comprises a tube filled with liquid and said radiators are constituted by hornshaped orifices in the side of said tube. 15. A system in accordance with claim 1 in which said radiators have radiating areas which progressively decrease in size from the central radiator to the end radiators.
16. A system in accordance with claim 1 in which said line comprises a tube filled with liquid and said radiators are constituted by orifices in the side of said tube, the cross-sectional areas of said orifices progressively decreasing in size from s the central orifice to the end orifices. 1'7. A system in accordance with claim 1 in which each of said collectors is responsive to a band of frequencies.
18. A frequency selective system comprising a tube formed into an arc and filled with a first liquid, a source of multifrequency compressional waves at one end of said tube, a plurality of orifices in the side of said tube with a spacing equal to a wavelength in said first liquid at a frequency of said source, a plurality of compressionalwave collectors arrayed in a second arc, and a second liquid interposed between said orifices and said collectors, said arcs lying in the same plane, having the same radius, and facing each other on their concave sides.
19. A system in accordance with claim 18 in which said arcs have a common radius.
20. A system in accordance with claim 18 in which the spacing of said orifices is approximately equal to a wavelength in said first liquid at the geometric mean frequency of said source.
21. A system in accordance with claim 18' in which said second liquid has a higher velocity of propagation than said first liquid.
22. A system in accordance with claim 18 in which said orifices are horn-shaped. j
23. A system in accordance with claim 18 in which the cross-sectional areas of said orifices progressively decrease in size from the central orifice to the end orifices. I WARREN P. MASON.
REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in file of this patent:
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Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2905893A (en) * 1954-05-14 1959-09-22 Hurvitz Hyman Visual indicators
US2936416A (en) * 1954-06-11 1960-05-10 Hurvitz Hyman Frequency indicator
US3283264A (en) * 1963-12-24 1966-11-01 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Frequency selective system
US3293574A (en) * 1963-11-20 1966-12-20 Goodyear Aerospace Corp Diffraction delay line for pulse expansion and compression
US3300739A (en) * 1962-08-03 1967-01-24 Marconi Co Ltd Frequency-dispersive electro-mechanical delay cell utilizing grating
US3387233A (en) * 1964-06-11 1968-06-04 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Signal dispersion system
US3444482A (en) * 1967-05-01 1969-05-13 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Adjustable delay line filter having plurality of binarily weighted segments affixed to a body of piezoelectric material
US3474402A (en) * 1968-05-06 1969-10-21 Us Navy Variable focus electroacoustic transducer
US3522557A (en) * 1963-07-19 1970-08-04 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Acoustic delay line
US20060023570A1 (en) * 2004-08-02 2006-02-02 Johnson Outdoors Inc. Sonar imaging system for mounting to watercraft
US20110013484A1 (en) * 2009-07-14 2011-01-20 Navico, Inc. Linear and circular downscan imaging sonar
US8305840B2 (en) 2009-07-14 2012-11-06 Navico, Inc. Downscan imaging sonar
US9142206B2 (en) 2011-07-14 2015-09-22 Navico Holding As System for interchangeable mounting options for a sonar transducer
US9182486B2 (en) 2011-12-07 2015-11-10 Navico Holding As Sonar rendering systems and associated methods
US9244168B2 (en) 2012-07-06 2016-01-26 Navico Holding As Sonar system using frequency bursts
US9268020B2 (en) 2012-02-10 2016-02-23 Navico Holding As Sonar assembly for reduced interference
US10151829B2 (en) 2016-02-23 2018-12-11 Navico Holding As Systems and associated methods for producing sonar image overlay
US11367425B2 (en) 2017-09-21 2022-06-21 Navico Holding As Sonar transducer with multiple mounting options

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2169304A (en) * 1936-07-18 1939-08-15 Western Electric Co Frequency selective system

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2169304A (en) * 1936-07-18 1939-08-15 Western Electric Co Frequency selective system

Cited By (36)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2905893A (en) * 1954-05-14 1959-09-22 Hurvitz Hyman Visual indicators
US2936416A (en) * 1954-06-11 1960-05-10 Hurvitz Hyman Frequency indicator
US3300739A (en) * 1962-08-03 1967-01-24 Marconi Co Ltd Frequency-dispersive electro-mechanical delay cell utilizing grating
DE1270197B (en) * 1962-08-03 1968-06-12 Marconi Co Ltd Delay arrangement with dispersion for acoustic waves
US3522557A (en) * 1963-07-19 1970-08-04 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Acoustic delay line
US3293574A (en) * 1963-11-20 1966-12-20 Goodyear Aerospace Corp Diffraction delay line for pulse expansion and compression
US3283264A (en) * 1963-12-24 1966-11-01 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Frequency selective system
US3387233A (en) * 1964-06-11 1968-06-04 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Signal dispersion system
US3444482A (en) * 1967-05-01 1969-05-13 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Adjustable delay line filter having plurality of binarily weighted segments affixed to a body of piezoelectric material
US3474402A (en) * 1968-05-06 1969-10-21 Us Navy Variable focus electroacoustic transducer
US7729203B2 (en) 2004-08-02 2010-06-01 Johnson Outdoors Inc. Side scan sonar imaging system with associated GPS data
US20090122647A1 (en) * 2004-08-02 2009-05-14 Johnson Outdoors Inc. Side scan sonar imaging system with boat position on display
US20090147623A1 (en) * 2004-08-02 2009-06-11 Johnson Outdoors Inc. Side scan sonar imaging system with associated GPS data
US20090147622A1 (en) * 2004-08-02 2009-06-11 Johnson Outdoors Inc. Side scan sonar imaging system with enhancement
US7652952B2 (en) 2004-08-02 2010-01-26 Johnson Outdoors Inc. Sonar imaging system for mounting to watercraft
US20100080082A1 (en) * 2004-08-02 2010-04-01 Johnson Outdoors Inc. Side scan sonar imaging system
US20100103775A1 (en) * 2004-08-02 2010-04-29 Johnson Outdoors Inc. Sonar imaging system for mounting to watercraft
US7710825B2 (en) 2004-08-02 2010-05-04 Johnson Outdoors Inc. Side scan sonar imaging system with boat position on display
US20060023570A1 (en) * 2004-08-02 2006-02-02 Johnson Outdoors Inc. Sonar imaging system for mounting to watercraft
US7755974B2 (en) 2004-08-02 2010-07-13 Johnson Outdoors Inc. Side scan sonar imaging system with enhancement
US8514658B2 (en) 2009-07-14 2013-08-20 Navico Holding As Downscan imaging sonar for reduced interference
US9223022B2 (en) 2009-07-14 2015-12-29 Navico Holding As Linear and circular downscan imaging sonar
US8305840B2 (en) 2009-07-14 2012-11-06 Navico, Inc. Downscan imaging sonar
US20110013484A1 (en) * 2009-07-14 2011-01-20 Navico, Inc. Linear and circular downscan imaging sonar
US8605550B2 (en) 2009-07-14 2013-12-10 Navico Holding As Downscan imaging sonar
US10024961B2 (en) 2009-07-14 2018-07-17 Navico Holding As Sonar imaging techniques for objects in an underwater environment
US9541643B2 (en) 2009-07-14 2017-01-10 Navico Holding As Downscan imaging sonar
US8300499B2 (en) 2009-07-14 2012-10-30 Navico, Inc. Linear and circular downscan imaging sonar
US9142206B2 (en) 2011-07-14 2015-09-22 Navico Holding As System for interchangeable mounting options for a sonar transducer
US9182486B2 (en) 2011-12-07 2015-11-10 Navico Holding As Sonar rendering systems and associated methods
US10247823B2 (en) 2011-12-07 2019-04-02 Navico Holding As Sonar rendering systems and associated methods
US9268020B2 (en) 2012-02-10 2016-02-23 Navico Holding As Sonar assembly for reduced interference
US9244168B2 (en) 2012-07-06 2016-01-26 Navico Holding As Sonar system using frequency bursts
US9354312B2 (en) 2012-07-06 2016-05-31 Navico Holding As Sonar system using frequency bursts
US10151829B2 (en) 2016-02-23 2018-12-11 Navico Holding As Systems and associated methods for producing sonar image overlay
US11367425B2 (en) 2017-09-21 2022-06-21 Navico Holding As Sonar transducer with multiple mounting options

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