US2415953A - Extractor for firearms - Google Patents

Description

Feb. 18, 1947. P. E. LOWE ETAL EXTRQCTOR FOR FIREARMS} 2 Shets-Sheet 1 Filed Dec. 27, 1945 AINVENTORSEE EEWE. AND

ATTORNEY;

Patented Feb. 18, 1947 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE Utah, assignors to Remington Arms Company; Inc., Bridgeport, Conn., a corporation t Delaware Application December 27, 1943 Serial No: 515,702

1 4 Claims.

The present invention relates to a firearm ex tractor, particularly for use in connection with a firearm of th universal receiver type adapted for use in laboratory and test firing of ammunition, and which have interchangeable barrels of different calibers, so that ammunition of various calibers can be tested in the same receiver. It has been the practice heretofore to remove" the fired cartridge case from the cartridge chamber by prying it loose with a screw driver or other similar tool. It is an object of this invention to provide extractor means which may be readily incorporated in the universal receiver, and which is adapted to be actuated to engage the extractor groove of the cartridge case, and to exert extracting pressure thereon to effectually disengage it from the cartridge chamber and without the possibility of mutilation of the cartridge and accidental firing thereof.

A further object is to provide extractor ,means which can be used interchangeably for cooperation with the interchangeable barrels of the receiver, and which may be removed and assembled with facility.

With the above and other objects in view, an embodiment of the invention is shown in the accompanying; drawings, and this embodiment will be hereinafter more fully described withreference thereto, and the invention will be finally pointed out in the claims.

In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a side elevation of a universal receiver provided with extractor means, the parts-being shown in their normal operative position with a cartridge in place and with the breech of the" receiver closed, and the dot-and-dash lines-show-- ing the open position of. the. breech.

Fig. 2 is a plan view of- Fig. 1, partly in section.

Fig. 3 is an endelevation, with the:upper portion in vertical section to show the extractor engaged with the head of the cartridge in firingposition in the. chamber.

Fig. 4 is a fragmentary side elevation, on a larger scale than the showing of Figs. 1 to 3, showingthe extractor in its neutral position with the receiver unloaded and with the breech of the receiver open.

Fig. 5 is a fragmentary vertical sectional-view,

taken substantially along the line A-A of. Fig. 3,

showing the extractor engaged with the cartridge inserted in the chamber.

Fig. 6 is a similar view to Fig. 5, but showing. the position of the extractor engaged with the extractor groove of the cartridge as thelatteris. being. placedlin-the chamber, the dot-and-dash 2- lines showing the position of the extractor and cartridge case before the cartridge case has been inserted to the point where its groove is engaged by the extractor.

Fig. 7 is a side'elev'ation of the extractor carrier.

Fig. 8 is atop view of the extractor carrier of Fig.- '7 with its associated extractor parts assembled therewith;

Fig. 9 is a side elevation of the extractor assembly as shown in 8, partly in vertical section.

Fig. 10 is a verticalsectional view of the extractor in its normal operative position, taken substantially along the" line B- B of Fig. 3, showing the extractor engaged with the extractor groove of the cartridge inserted in the chamber.

Fig. 11 is a similar view to Fig. 10 with the extractor movedinto a position wherein the connecting spring is energized; and before the extractor finger has beenmoved by the pin engaging the endof the slot in the carrier.

Fig. 12 is a similar view to' Figs. 10 and 11 showing the extractor moved through the action of the energized spring to extract the cartridge, following the initial actuation of the extractor finger throughturning engagement of the pin engaging theend' of the slot in the carrier to disengage the fixed cartridge case, the dot-anddash lines showing an intermediate position of the: extractor finger during its traverse under the action of the spring and just before it-disengages from the. extractor groove of the extracted cartridge case;

Fig. 13- is a plan view of one form of an adjustable spring anchor;

Fig. 14 isa side view of the spring anchor of Fig. -13:

Fig. 15is a fragmentary viewshowing the meth- 0d of usingthe spring. anchor of Figs. 13 and 14.

Similar reference characters indicate corresponding; parts-throughout the several figures of the drawings:

Referring. to the drawings, the firearm of the universal receiver ty-pe illustrated by way' of example cemprises a" receiver body, indicated generally as It), in the form of a heavy metal block, of rectangular form at its rearward portion and 0t cylindrical form at its forward: portion, provided' atitsv lower side-witha centrally disposed aperturedmounting web It mounted for elevational adjustment of the receiver body upon a bracket I2 by meansofi' a mounting pin l3, the bracket beingcsupported upon a suitable bed support lflc Upon theupp'er side of the receiver body thereis provided'an accessory-part-receiving slideway I 5, for receiving various testing fixtures (not shown). The receiver body is provided with a horizontal barrel receiving bore l6 extending at its inner end to a vertically disposed breech block passage ll, the inner end of the bore being provided with an annular abutment shoulder [8 against which the inner ends of the interchangeable barrels are respectively engaged, as will presently more fully appear. In axial line with the bore Hi the rearward wall of the body member is provided with a relatively large loading aperture l 9 eXtending to the breech block passage.

The removably mounted interchangeable barrel 28, illustrated for example as the .50 caliber barrel, is provided at its rearward end with a shouldered relatively large diameter chamber portion 2i, adapted to fit within the bore it of the body member against the shoulder l8, and provided at its rearward end with a reduced diameter shouldered end portion 22, engaged within the inner reduced end of the bore [6 with it end surface in flush relation with the forward flat side of the breech block passage l'l. Upon the barrel there i engaged a locking sleeve 23, adapted to fit within the bore IS with its inner end engaging the forward end of the shouldered chamber portion 2i, being provided with a relatively heavy helical thread 24 screwed into internal threads 25 provided within the bore l6, and having at its outer end a turning flange 26 provided with handle knobs 2?, so that inward turning of the sleeve tightens it against the shoulder of the chamber 21 to secure the barrel in place. A set screw 23 is provided in the turning flange 26 and engages the barrel to secure the sleeve against turning, the barrel itself being held against turning by a key 29 secured in the receiver body and engaged in a keyway 30 provided in the chamber portion 2| of the barrel. The barrel is provided with the usual rifled bore 3| and cartridge chamber 32, the entrance end of the chamber being outwardly beveled, as at 33, the cannelure or extraction groove A of the cartridge case B being disposed within this beveled portion in the normal firing position.

Within the passage I] there is engaged for vertical reciprocatory movement the breech block 34. Upon the rearward face of the body member there is secured a bracket 35, provided with a downwardly projecting bearing portion 36 in which is engaged the breech block operative shaft 31, this shaft having secured upon it a lever 38 slidably connected to the lower bifurcated end of the breech block by means of a cross-pin 39 engaged in a slot All in the breech block. The shaft also has secured upon it an operating handle 4|, which upon being swung between its two operative positions imparts closing and opening movement to the breech block as indicated by the respective full line and dot-and-dash lines in Fig. l. The open position of the breech block is determined by means of an adjustable set-screw 42, engaged in a mounting block portion 43 of the'bracket and adapted to be engaged by the tail portion 44 of the lever 38 in the open position of the breech block.

Upon the bracket 35 there is hingedly mounted by means of a pivot screw 45 a firing lever 46 adapted to be connected in firing relation to the firing pin carried by the breech block in the operative raised position, as hown in Fig. 1, and adapted to be fired by pulling thereon, preferably by means of a lanyard 41 connected to its upper end. As the particular structure of the firing mechanism does not constitute a part of the presceiver i notched out at the lower ends of the rearward walls of the upstanding slideway portions 5 at each side, as at 5950, so as to carry two transversely aligned journal blocks 5! and 52, these journal blocks being rigidly fastened to the receiver by means of dowel pins 53, and. screws 56. The journal blocks each have a cut-out portion cooperating with a hole 56 cut in the side wall of the receiver to form a cylindrical bearing aperture. The inner shouldered end 22 of the barrel is provided with a vertically disposed radial slot 5'1 at it upper side so as to allow the extractor finger to be properly positioned with respect to the cartridge engaged in the barrel, as will hereinafter more fully appear.

The extractor assembly includes a carrier 58, in the general form of a cylindrical shaft, which is rotatably mounted in the journal blocks 5| and 52, being retained against axial movement by means of a set screw 59 carried in the journal block 5! and engaged at its end in an annular groove 6G in the carrier. The carrier is provided at its end adjacent the groove 60 with a hollow extension portion 6! in which is engaged the cylindrical shaft end 62 of the actuator lever 63, the actuator haft 62 having its inner end spaced from the inner end of the bore of the hollow extension and connected to the carrier by means of a coil spring 6 5 disposed within this space about a pilot pin 65 axially set at one end in the carrier and at its other end in the actuating shaft. One end 66 of the spring is connected to the carrier and the other end 61 is connected to the shaft, so that relative rotary movement between the shaft and the carrier will energize the spring and the energized spring will impart relative rotary movement to the carrier with respect to the actuator. The actuator shaft i provided with a pin 63 screwed therein which travels in a slot 69 in the extension M to limit the relative rotary movement between the actuator and the carrier, the winding of the spring being such that, in the neutral relation of the actuator and the carrier, the carrier is urged in counterclockwise direction, as seen in Fig. 4, to bring the right hand end of the slot 69 against the stop pin.- In this neutral position, with the receiver unloaded and the breech in open position, the actuator and carrier assum the position shown in Fig. 4 with the handle lever hanging vertically through its own weight.

Thecarrier is provided in the longitudinal vertical plane of the axis of the barrel of the receiver with a cylindrical guide passage 10 extending diametrically therethrough, and at each side thereof with parallel cylindrical passages 1l-'H the cylindrical extractor finger 72 being slidably engaged in the central passage 10. At its upper end the extractor finger is provided with a slot 13 in which is engaged a cross head M rigidly secured to the extractor finger by welding, riveting, or other suitable means, and adapted to seat in a recess pocket 75 provided in the upper ends of the partition walls between the passages and 'H with the ends of the cross h'ead engaged in the upper ends of the passages -H. At each end of the cross head there is sour d to its under side a riveted button if to which is secured, by soldering or the like, the upper end of a spring a? disposed in the passage H and secured at its lower end in tensioned relation by means of a centrally grooved pin 18 having retaining projections 9 at each end which retain it seated in the lower end of the passage ii.

The springs ll urge the extractor finger 12 into a downward position as shown in Figs. 4 and 9, the engagement of the cross head in the pocket l5 limiting the downward movement of the finger. Upward end pressure upon the extractor finger forces it upwardly in the guide passage iii. The lower end of the extractor finger is provided at its rearwardly facing side with a flat vertical surface 80 for engaging against the head flange of the cartridge case when the extractor finger is engage in its extractor groove, and at its opposite side with an inclined relief surface 8|.

Instead of the retaining pins 18 provided for the springs H the adjustable anchor shown in Figs. 13 to 15 may be employed. This comprises a cupped disc 82 having a lateral rim flange 83, this flange being provided at one point with a radial slit bent downwardly at one side, as at 34, and upwardly at the other side, as at 85. A diametric slot is provided centrally of the cupped disc for the purpose of convenience in turning it by means of a screw driver or the like. The cupped disc 82 is of substantially the same diameter as the spring passage H, the side wall tapered upwardly for the purpose of enabling the coil wire of the spring to be wedged between the wall of the cup and the spring hole, the coil or the spring being passed through the slot between the inclined slot sides 84 and 85 of the rim flange, which are inclined to substantially correspond to the pitch of the spring. The spring anchor is screwed down the coil spring to the desired point, the spring having been pulled into stressed relation so that the portion on which the anchor is being threaded is preferably not stressed. Thereupon, it is released so that the anchor seats in the lower end of the spring hole and secures the spring by wedging it between the anchor and the wall of the hole as shown in Fig. l5. 1

In operation, the breech block is retracted to the open position shown in dot-and-dash lines in l, and a cartridge case is started into the chamber, as shown in dot-and-dash lines in Fig. 6. The extractor finger 12 may be turned so as to be in position to engage the extractor groove A of the case B. While the disclosed embodiment of the invention is designed so that in the neutral position as shown in Fig. 4 the extractor finger is entirely clear of the cartridge case, it will be understood that the extractor may be designed, by providing a stop for the neutral position of the actuator lever handle or by changing the relative position of the handle with respect to the carrier, so that the end of the extractor finger will be within the path of the peripheral portionof the cartridge case whereby it will first engage upon the small end of the case and then ride up upon its surface, automatically dropping into the extractor groove as the case is pushed in place. As shown in full lines in Fig. 6, the end of the extractor finger is engaged within the extractor groove of the case, and as the latter is pushed into the chamber the extractor is swung to the vertical position shown in Fig. 5 and at the same time is retracted upwardly. The

6 breech is then cl sed and the ca e ay be fired. In this position oi the extractor the spring 64 retains the actuator handle in the inclined position asshown in Figs. 1 and 10 with the pin 68 engaged against the right hand end of the groove .89.

After the cartridge has been fired the breech is opened and the actuator lever 63 turned in .counterclofikwise direction, causing the spring 64 to be energized through relative turning movement of the actuator with respect to the carrier as the pin 88 is brought into engagement with the left hand end of the groove 69 as shown in Fig, 11. ,At this point further movement of the actuator will cause the carrier to be turned with it. This further movement exerts positive extracting movement upon the cartridge case to free it from the chamber of the barrel, and as soon as it is thus freed the energized spring will cause the carrier to be rotated in counterclockwise direction with respect to the actuator, as shown in Fig. 12, and will elect the case to the rear from the chamber, moving during its traverse from the dot-and-dash line position shown in Fig, 12 where it is in engagement with the extractor groove to the full line position free of the extractor groove. Upon release of the exac or ever ha l the x ra to re u es t neutral position shown in Fig. 4 to which it is moved by the weight of the actuator lever.

It will be observed that the range of movement of the extractor finger is such that it will operate with a smaller caliber barrel installed in the receiver.

The form of the invention illustrated in the drawings and described herein is typical and illustrative only, and it is evident that the invention is capable of embodiments in other forms, all falling within the scope of the appended claims, which are to be broadly construed.

What is claimed is:

1. In a firearm, areceiver with a breech aperture; a barrel having a cartridge chamber opening into said breech aperture; an extractor comprising a carrier rotatably mounted on said receiver and a cartridge engaging finger supported on said carrier for rotation therewith; and means to rotate said carrier thereby to retract said finger for extracting and ejecting a cartridge from said chamber, said carrier rotating means comprising a carrier operating handle mounted for rotation about the carrier axis, a torsion spring connecting said carrier and said handle and arranged to be energized by relative rotation of said carrier and handle, and a pin and elongated slot connecting said carrier and handle to enable limited rotation of said handle relative to said carrier and to rotate said carrier andfinger positively after the torsion spring has been energized a predetermined amount.

2. In a firearm, a receiver with a breech aperture; a barrel having a cartridge chamber opening into said breech aperture; an extractor comprising a carrier rotatably mounted on said receiver, a cartridge engaging finger mounted on said carrier with capacity for limited sliding movement in a direction normal to the axis of rotation of the carrier; a resilient element to support said finger in said carrier to enable the finger to yield when engaged by a cartridge moved rectilinearly into said chamber; and means to rotate said carrierthereby to retract said finger for extracting and ejecting a cartridge from said chamber, said carrier rotating means comprising a manually operated member mounted for rotation about the carrier axis, a spring operatively connecting said manually operated member to said carrier and arranged to be energized by relative rotation of said carrier and manually operated member, and a lost motion connection between the manually operated member and the carrier permitting limited relative rotation and arranged to positively rotate said carrier after the spring has been energized a predetermined amount for extracting a cartridge from said chamber, said resilient finger supporting element being arranged to hold the rotating finger into engagement with the rectilinearly moving cartridge during extraction and ejection thereof.

3. In a firearm, a receiver with a breech aperture; a barrel having a cartridge chamber opening into said breech aperture; an extractor comprising a carrier having a slot and rotatably mounted on said receiver, a cartridge engaging finger slidable in said slot and a resilient element to support said finger in said slot, said resilient element being arranged normally to urge said finger toward said chamber and to enable said finger to yield when engaged by a cartridge moved rectilinearly into said chamber; and means to rotate said carrier thereby to retract said finger for extracting and ejecting a cartridge from said chamber, said carrier rotating means comprising a carrier operating handle, a torsion spring connecting said handle and said carrier and arranged to be energized by relative movement of said handle and carrier, and a pin and elongated slot connecting said handle and carrier to enable rotation of said handle relative to said carrier and to rotate said carrier and finger positively after the torsion spring has been energized a predetermined amount for extracting a cartridge from said chamber, said resilient finger supporting element being arranged to hold the rotating finger in engagement with the rectilinearly moving cartridge during extraction whereby said finger is enabled to transmit to said cartridge the energy of said torsion spring for rapidly ejecting the cartridge from said receiver.

4. In a firearm, a receiver with a breech aperture; a barrel having a cartridge chamber opening into said breech aperture; an extractor comprising a carrier having a slot and rotatably mounted on said receiver, a cartridge engaging finger slidable in said slot, a resilient element to support said finger in said slot, said resilient element being arranged normally to urge said finger toward said chamber and to enable said finger to yield when engaged by a cartridge moved rectilinearly into said chamber, and an adjustable mounting for said resilient element arranged to adapt said finger for use with cartridges of different caliber; and means to rotate said carrier thereby to retract said finger for extracting and ejecting a cartridge from said chamber, said carrier rotating means comprising a carrier operating handle, a torsion spring connecting said handle and said carrier and arranged to be energized by relative movement of said handle and carrier, and a pin and elongated slot connecting said handle and carrier to enable rotation of said handle relative to said carrier and to rotate said carrier and finger positively after the torsion spring has been energized a predetermined amount for extracting a cartridge from said chamber, said resilient finger supporting element being arranged to hold the rotating finger in engagement with the rectilinearly moving cartridge during extraction whereby said finger is enabled to transmit to said cartridge the energy of said torsion spring for rapidly ejecting the cartridge from said receiver, PAUL E. LOWE,

ORVAL A. ROSS.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 33,631 Ballard Nov. 5, 1861 624,187 Davenport May 2, 1899 645,292 Greenough Mar. 13, 1900 828,977 Schouboe Aug. 21, 1906 261,648 Altmaier July 25, 1882 340,002 Pieri Apr. 13, 1886 700,116 Fay May 13, 1902 1,848,570 Loomis Mar, 8, 1932 973,641 Dysart Oct. 25, 1910 206,475 Morrison July 30, 1878 624,322 Fyrberg May 2, 1899 783,561 White Feb. 28, 1905 401,101 Anson Apr, 9, 1889 93,572 White Aug. 10, 1869 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 17,882 British A. D. 1895

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