US2413963A - Ultra high frequency control system - Google Patents

Ultra high frequency control system Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US2413963A
US2413963A US458670A US45867042A US2413963A US 2413963 A US2413963 A US 2413963A US 458670 A US458670 A US 458670A US 45867042 A US45867042 A US 45867042A US 2413963 A US2413963 A US 2413963A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
guide
frequency
wave
aperture
electromagnetic waves
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US458670A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Milan D Fiske
Chauncey G Suits
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Electric Co
Original Assignee
General Electric Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE482707D priority Critical patent/BE482707A/xx
Application filed by General Electric Co filed Critical General Electric Co
Priority to US458670A priority patent/US2413963A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2413963A publication Critical patent/US2413963A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/04—Coupling devices of the waveguide type with variable factor of coupling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P1/00—Auxiliary devices
    • H01P1/20—Frequency-selective devices, e.g. filters
    • H01P1/207—Hollow waveguide filters

Definitions

  • FIGs. 1 and 2 diagrammatically illustrate an'embodiment of our invention as applied to a dielectric wave guide tuned substantially to the frequency of the exciting means which establishes the electromagnetic waves within the guide.
  • Figs. 3 and 4 represent a further modification wherein the modulation of the electromagnetic waves is controlled by an electrostatic grid or grids positioned between the cathode structures and the wall which constitutes an anode for the electric discharge path;
  • Figs. 5 and 6 represent views of a further modification including variations of the cathode structure and means for modulating the waves.
  • the critical frequency -fo may be defined as follows:
  • the critical frequency increases.
  • the critical frequency may also be decreased by increasing the value of the dielectric constant or by employing a material having a larger dielectric constant.
  • the electromagnetic waves are propagated' through the guide; that is, theexpression for the progressive wave may be expressed as a function of the propagation constant and time.
  • the electric intensity and the magnetic eld may be expressed as follows:
  • E (real) Efe-52H4wt (7)
  • H (real) He-HM (8) ture or slot and wherein the eil'ective dielectric constant of the medium within the vicinity of the aperture is controlled by means of a region of charged particles, such as an' electron stream, thereby modulating the electromagnetic waves within the guide.
  • Fig. 1 of the accompanying drawing we have there illustrated our invention as applied to a dielectric Wave guide of the hollow-pipe type for controlling the transmission of ultra high frequency electromagnetic waves.
  • the dielectric AWave guide is of rectangular cross section comprising a top plate i and a Vbottom plate 2, preferably constructed of a highly conductive metal such as copper or brass.
  • a highly conductive metal such as copper or brass.
  • similar side walls t and t are also included to provide With end walls 5 and 6 a conning and directional chamber for the electromagnetic waves.
  • exciting A electrode means such'as a coaxial or concentric transmission line comprising an outer tubular conductor 'i and a conductor 8
  • the former of ⁇ Output electrode means may also be associl ated with the dielectric Wave guide and may be similar in construction and arrangement to the input electrode means, that is, may also 'comprise a concentric transmission line including a tubular Vconductor il conductively connected to the guide and an inner conductor it.
  • boththe input and output electrode means may be provided with a seal, such as a vitreous seal,
  • the vector E represents the direction of the transverse orv electric component of the electrgmagnetic eld of the waves transmitted through the guide.
  • the region oi charged particles or the electron streami may include a cathode comprising a thermionic filament I3 which cooperates with the wall Iii to provide an electric discharge path, the wall it constituting the anode.
  • a similar cathode structure may be provided on the other side of the wallI i and may comprise a thermionic cathode It, in which case the wall II functions as an anode for both cathodes.
  • the thermionic cathodes I3 and I4 may be energized from any suitable source of current connected between the metallic wave guidel through a ⁇ conductor 21.
  • the other terminal of the source 26 is connected to the thermionic cathodes I2 and Il through the lead-in conductors I I and Il.
  • Equation 2 As evidenced by Equation 2 discussed above, it will be understood that p is determined in a measure by the dielectric constant of the medium through which the waves are being transmitted.
  • the critical frequency may become Agreater than the frequency of the exciting means so that electromaginetic waves are not transmitted an appreciable distance beyond the wall Il; that is, the electromagnetic waves are substantially completely attenuated.
  • the variation in the effective dielectric constant of the medium within the guide may not be varied or changed to a value which e'ects this substantially complete attenuation, but may be varied or modulated within limits above those corresponding .to the minimum or critical frequency for the particular guide. That is, electromagnetic waves may be transmitted through the guide, the controlling effect being that obtained by modulating the waves so transmitted.
  • a wave guide employing our invention mayv be used to phase modulate high frequency electromagnetic waves.
  • the phase of the electromagnetic waves received at the output electrode means comprising conductors! and I0 may be modulated relative to the voltage or excitation of the input electrode means.
  • con- 'charge paths provided by 8 trolling the length of the guide or the distance between the input and the output electrode means. frequency modulation may also be obtained.
  • apparatus embodying the subject matter of our invention may be employed as a wave nlter inasmuch as the transverse wall including the resonant slot and the associated region of charged particles is highly selective to waves of a frequency determined by the design of the slot or to waves within that region, thereby reflecting waves of different frequency.
  • the arrow I shown in Fig. 2 represents the direction of the incident wave and the dotted arrow R represents the reflected waves.
  • Arrow T indicates the transmitted waves through the guide.
  • Figs. 3 and 4 diagrammatically illustrate a further modincation of our invention which may be applied to a dielectric wave guide and may constitute a portion of the arrangement shown in Fig. 1.
  • the density of the charged particles, or the density of the space charge is determined by control means which may be electrostatic control members or grids 2l and 29 which are positioned between the slot I2 and cathodes ll and 3
  • the wall I I also serves as an anode.
  • and grids 28 and 29 are insulated from the side walls 3 andA I by means of glass insulators 32-35, inclusive. which are sealed to the side walls.
  • the density of the space charge and, hence, the propagation characteristics of the guide are controllable by means of the grids 28 and 29.
  • the potential of t ese grids may be controlled. if desired, by Joint means such as a signal source 38 of alternating current which cyclically affects the potential of the grids with respect to the wall Il.
  • a separate source of current may be employed for energizing the electric disthe :wall H and cathodes 3l andral. This source may comprise a battery 31 which impresses a positive 'potential on the walls of the guide and consequently impresses a positive potential on wall I I.
  • a vitreous or glass insulator 40 which mayextend intothe cylinder 38 an appreciable distance at one end and which is supported at the other end by a-metallic collar 4
  • the cylinder n may be supported by rigid conductors which extend through a suitable 9.41am I i tially to the frequency of said exciting means, and means comprising a thermionic means for establishing a space charge within the vicinity of said aperture to control the wave propagation characteristics of said chamber.
  • exciting v means for establishing electromagnetic waves within said chamber, a wall within s aid chamber lying in a plane substantially transverse to the direction of wave propagation through 'said chamber and comprising an aperture tuned substantially to the frequency of said exciting means, and a thermionic filament substantially parallel to the principal dimension of said aperture for establishing a space charge within the vicinity thereof for controlling .
  • the wave propagation vitreous seal 42 the latter of which is maina tained or supported by a ilanged cylinder 43 which is welded or soldered to wall 4.
  • the space charge may be controlled by controlling the potential of cylinder 38 and may be effected by employing aconductor'44 which also extends through theinsulator 42 and is conductively attached to the surface of cylinder 38.
  • aconductor'44 which also extends through theinsulator 42 and is conductively attached to the surface of cylinder 38.
  • 'I'he potential of cylinder 38 may be periodically, intermittently, or cyclically varied in response toa predetermined signal which may be derived from an alternating current source 45 which may be oi either high, low, or intermediate frequency.
  • exciting means for establishing electromagnetic waves within said chamber 'a wall within said chamber lying in a plane substantially transverse to the direction of wave propagation through said chamber and comprising an aperture tuned substancharacteristics of said chamber.
  • a chamber for confining and propagating electromagnetic waves exciting means for establishing' eletromagnetic wave-s within said chamber, a wail within said chamber lying in a plane substantially transverse'to the direction of wavepropagation through said chamber and comprising an aperture tuned substantially to the frequency of said exciting meansf and a pair of thermionic filaments one'on each side of said aperture and extendingsubstantially parallel with the principal dimension thereof for establishinga space charge and for controlling the wave propagation characteristics of said chamber.
  • a dielectric Wave guide of the hollow-pipe type means for exciting said wave guide at a frequency greater than the critical frequency and for establishing electromagnetic waves within said guide, a wail within said guide lying in a. plane substantially transverse to the direction of Wave propagation therethrough and comprising an aperture of appreciable'disinension tuned to the frequency vof the exciting electromagnetic Waves, and means comprising a filament extending substantially parallel with the principal dimension oi said aperture for establishing a space charge thereby controlling the Wave propagation zharacteristics of said guide. 4.
  • a dielectric wave guide of the Vhollow-pipe type comprising a substantially conductive wall, exciting means -for exciting said guide at a frequency greater than the critical frequency and for establishing electromagnetic Waves within said guide, a wall within said guide lying in a plane substantially transverse ,to the direction of wave propagation therethrough and comprising an aperture of appreciable dimension tuned substantially to the frequency of said exciting means, and a pair of thermionic filaments extending substantially parallel with the principal dimension of said aperture for establishing a space charge and for controlling the wave propagation characteristics of said guide.
  • a system for transmitting electromagnetic 'waves through a dielectric wave guide which includes within the guide a resonant aperture tuned to the frequency at which the guide is excited, the method of controlling the transmission of said waves through said guide which comprises establishing a region of charged particles within the vicinity of said aperture and controlling the propagation of electromagnetic waves through said guide by establishing an electrostatic field between said guide and the means which produces the charged particles.
  • a dielectric wave guide of the hollow-pipe type comprising a metallic conning member, means for exciting said wave guide at a frequency greater than the critical frequency and for establishing electromagnetic waves within said guide, ametallic wall within said guide lying in a plane substantially transverse to the. direction of wave propagation therethrough and comprising an aperture of appreciable dimension tuned to the frequency of the exciting electromagnetic waves, means for establishing a space charge within the vicinity of said aperture and comprising a, filament within the vicinity of said aperture, said filament being electrically insulated from said confining member, and means connected between said confining wall and said filament for varying the potential difference between said filament and said confining member.
  • a dielectric wave guide of the hollow-pipe type means for exciting said wave guide at a frequency greater than the critical frequency and .for establishing electromagnetic f waves within said guide, a wall within said guide lying in a plane substantially transverse to the direction of wave propagation therethrough and comprising an aperture of appreciable dimension tuned to the frequency of' the exciting electromagnetic waves, a pair of laments positioned on each side of said aperture for establishing a space charge, and means for controlling the potential of said laments relative to said guide for modulating the electromagnetic waves transmitted therethrough.
  • a dielectric wave guide of the hollow-pipe type.V exciting means for establishing within said guide electromagnetic waves of a frequency greater than the critical frequency of said guide, a wall within said guide lying in a plane substantially transverse to the direction of wave propagation therethrough and comprising an aperture tuned substantially to the frequency of said-exciting means, means for establishing a space charge within the vicinity of said aperture comprising a filamentary cathode which constitutes with said wall a discharge path, and electrostatic control means positioned between said Wall and said cathode for controlling the magmtude of-said space charge.
  • a dielectric wave guide of the hollow-pipe type exciting means for establishing within said guide electromagnetic waves of a frequency greater than the critical frequency of said guide, a wallA within said guide lying in a plane substantially transverse to the direction of wave propagation therethrough and comprising an aperturetuned substantially to the frequency of said exciting means, a. pair of filamentary cathodes mounted on each side of said aperture and constituting with said wall a pair of electric discharge paths, and a pair of grids each positioned between. said wall'and a different one of said cathodes for controlling the magnitude of the space charge.
  • exciting means for establishing electromagnetic waves within said guide controlling the potential of said cylinder to control the magnitude of the space charge.
  • a dielectric wave guide of the hollow-pipe type input exciting means for establishing electromagnetic waves within said guide of a frequency greater than the critical frequency thereof, a wall -within said guide lying in a plane substantially transverse to the direction of wave propagationtherethrough and comprising an aperture tuned substantially to the fre- ⁇ V the hollow-pipe type and filtering means selectively responsive to an electromagnetic wave of predetermined frequency comprising a wall within said guide lying in a plane substantially transverse to the direction of wave propagation therethrough and having an aperture tunedrsubstantially to said frequency and means associated with said aperture for establishing a region of charged electric particles.
  • a' dielectric wave guide of the hollow-pipe type filtering means for controlling the selectivity of said guide comprising a wall lying in a plane substantially transverse to the direction of wave propagation and having therein an aperture tuned to a resonance frequency, and means comprising an electric discharge path for .varying saidlresonance frequency for controlling Y the wave propagating characteristics of said aperture.
  • the hollow-pipe type. ⁇ and means for controlling the wave propagating characteristics of said guide comprising a wall lying in a plane substantially transverse to the" direction of wave propagation therethrough and having therein an aperture tuned to a resonance frequency, and means associated with said aperture-.for establishing within the vicinity thereof a region of charged electric particles.
  • a dielectric wave guide of the hollow-pipe type, and means for controlling the wave propagating characteristics of said guide comprising a conductive member havingtherein an aperture tuned to a resonance frequency, said member having va phase extension in the direction A of wave propagation through said guide which is a small portion of a wavelength at said resonance frequency, and means associated with.

Landscapes

  • Particle Accelerators (AREA)
US458670A 1942-09-17 1942-09-17 Ultra high frequency control system Expired - Lifetime US2413963A (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE482707D BE482707A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1942-09-17
US458670A US2413963A (en) 1942-09-17 1942-09-17 Ultra high frequency control system

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US458670A US2413963A (en) 1942-09-17 1942-09-17 Ultra high frequency control system

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2413963A true US2413963A (en) 1947-01-07

Family

ID=23821659

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US458670A Expired - Lifetime US2413963A (en) 1942-09-17 1942-09-17 Ultra high frequency control system

Country Status (2)

Country Link
US (1) US2413963A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE482707A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2454560A (en) * 1942-10-02 1948-11-23 Gen Electric Ultra high frequency electric discharge device
US2489298A (en) * 1946-11-16 1949-11-29 Gen Electric Velocity modulation electron discharge device
US2493706A (en) * 1948-03-30 1950-01-03 Gen Precision Lab Inc Electronic switch
US2505534A (en) * 1943-04-27 1950-04-25 Gen Electric Device for controlling the propagation of energy in a wave guide
US2512980A (en) * 1944-08-31 1950-06-27 Philco Corp Microwave oscillator apparatus comprising a velocity modulation tube
US2523286A (en) * 1945-05-12 1950-09-26 Gen Electric High-frequency electrical apparatus
US2524179A (en) * 1944-04-13 1950-10-03 Edwin G Schneider Tuned ultra high frequency thermionic detector
US2533512A (en) * 1945-09-26 1950-12-12 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Ultra high frequency ionic discharge switch device
US2556669A (en) * 1948-02-21 1951-06-12 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Microwave transmission system
US2557961A (en) * 1947-10-21 1951-06-26 Int Standard Electric Corp Transmission system for highfrequency currents
US2567701A (en) * 1944-06-02 1951-09-11 Gen Electric Ultra high frequency coupling device for wave guides
US2629774A (en) * 1943-05-06 1953-02-24 Longacre Andrew Tunable protective electric breakdown device
US2637780A (en) * 1943-05-06 1953-05-05 Us Navy Protective electric breakdown device
US2646550A (en) * 1948-01-09 1953-07-21 Arthur A Varela Controlled impedance gas discharge device for mechanical transmission mediums
US2660667A (en) * 1943-02-23 1953-11-24 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Ultrahigh frequency resonator
US2683212A (en) * 1945-12-27 1954-07-06 Us Navy Radar-beacon mixer
US2903613A (en) * 1955-05-13 1959-09-08 Sam Robbins Inc Apparatus for and method of wave guide energy transmission modulation, control and cut-off
US2903652A (en) * 1952-03-11 1959-09-08 Itt Ultra-high frequency amplitude modulator
US3027525A (en) * 1958-04-28 1962-03-27 Microwave Dev Lab Inc Microwave frequency selective apparatus
US3212034A (en) * 1962-03-22 1965-10-12 Trw Inc Electromagnetic wave energy filtering

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Cited By (20)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2454560A (en) * 1942-10-02 1948-11-23 Gen Electric Ultra high frequency electric discharge device
US2660667A (en) * 1943-02-23 1953-11-24 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Ultrahigh frequency resonator
US2505534A (en) * 1943-04-27 1950-04-25 Gen Electric Device for controlling the propagation of energy in a wave guide
US2637780A (en) * 1943-05-06 1953-05-05 Us Navy Protective electric breakdown device
US2629774A (en) * 1943-05-06 1953-02-24 Longacre Andrew Tunable protective electric breakdown device
US2524179A (en) * 1944-04-13 1950-10-03 Edwin G Schneider Tuned ultra high frequency thermionic detector
US2567701A (en) * 1944-06-02 1951-09-11 Gen Electric Ultra high frequency coupling device for wave guides
US2512980A (en) * 1944-08-31 1950-06-27 Philco Corp Microwave oscillator apparatus comprising a velocity modulation tube
US2523286A (en) * 1945-05-12 1950-09-26 Gen Electric High-frequency electrical apparatus
US2533512A (en) * 1945-09-26 1950-12-12 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Ultra high frequency ionic discharge switch device
US2683212A (en) * 1945-12-27 1954-07-06 Us Navy Radar-beacon mixer
US2489298A (en) * 1946-11-16 1949-11-29 Gen Electric Velocity modulation electron discharge device
US2557961A (en) * 1947-10-21 1951-06-26 Int Standard Electric Corp Transmission system for highfrequency currents
US2646550A (en) * 1948-01-09 1953-07-21 Arthur A Varela Controlled impedance gas discharge device for mechanical transmission mediums
US2556669A (en) * 1948-02-21 1951-06-12 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Microwave transmission system
US2493706A (en) * 1948-03-30 1950-01-03 Gen Precision Lab Inc Electronic switch
US2903652A (en) * 1952-03-11 1959-09-08 Itt Ultra-high frequency amplitude modulator
US2903613A (en) * 1955-05-13 1959-09-08 Sam Robbins Inc Apparatus for and method of wave guide energy transmission modulation, control and cut-off
US3027525A (en) * 1958-04-28 1962-03-27 Microwave Dev Lab Inc Microwave frequency selective apparatus
US3212034A (en) * 1962-03-22 1965-10-12 Trw Inc Electromagnetic wave energy filtering

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE482707A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US2413963A (en) Ultra high frequency control system
US2404261A (en) Ultra high frequency system
US2683238A (en) Microwave amplifier
USRE23369E (en) Diode oscillator
US2407069A (en) Dielectric wave guide system
US2672572A (en) Traveling wave tube
US2416168A (en) Ultra high frequency control system
US2402184A (en) Ultra high frequency electronic device contained within wave guides
US2416080A (en) Frequency converting means
US2557961A (en) Transmission system for highfrequency currents
US2888597A (en) Travelling wave oscillator tubes
US2505534A (en) Device for controlling the propagation of energy in a wave guide
US2422189A (en) Dielectric wave guide system
US2557180A (en) Apparatus for coupling ultra high frequency systems
US2412446A (en) Ultra high frequency system
US2782339A (en) Electron beam amplifier device
US2446531A (en) Electron discharge device
US2508346A (en) Ultra high frequency electron discharge device
US2846613A (en) Bifilar helix coupling connections
US3280362A (en) Electron discharge device with helixto-waveguide coupling means
US2568325A (en) Ultra high frequency generator
US2531122A (en) Frequency responsive protective arrangement for ultra high frequency systems
US2413251A (en) Electron discharge device
US2610249A (en) Dielectric wave guide system
US2476725A (en) Ultra high frequency oscillator device