US2411723A - Variable spacing mechanism for key operated printing machines - Google Patents

Description

Nov. 26, 1946. w, HAUSMAN 2,411,723

, VARIABLE SPACING MECHANISM FOR KEY OPERATED PRINTING MACHINES Filed Feb. 20, 1943 17 Sheets-Sheet 1 Walierismm Nov 26, 1946. 2,411,723

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V VARIABLE sPAcING MECHANISM FOR KEY OPERATED PRINTING MACHINES Filed lfeb. 20, 1943 l7 Shee ts-Sheet 14 I aQWM/O INOV- 1946- w-. J. HAUSMAN VARIABLE SPACING MECHANISM FOR'KEY OPERATED PRINTING MACHINES Filed Feb. 20, 1943 17 Sheets-Sheet 15 j M 1 M m 1 wk M.\\ Q Rm E a as & m\ v. 1 I: nliwowga nun L k mus Nov. 25, 1946. v w, J. HAUSMAN VARIABIJL SPACING MECHANISM FOR KEY OPERATED PRINTING MACHINES 17 Sheets-Sheei 16 Filed Fb. 20, 1943 HH] ll H- Nov. 26,1946.

W. J. HAUSMAN VARIABLE SPACING MECHANISM FOR KEY OPERATED PRINTING MACHINES Filed Fb. 20, 1943 17 Sheets-Sheet '17 Patented Nov. 26, 1946 VARIABLE SPACING MECHANISM FOR KEY OPERATED PRINTING MACHINES Walter J. HausmamWashington, D. (3., assignor to Burnell Machine Company, Incorporated, Wilmington, Del., a corporation of Delaware Application February 20, 1943, Serial No. 476,572

. 12 Claims.

1 This invention relates to key operated type printing machines and more specifically to such a machine which is adapted to print copy to be used as either high quality originals or as com- 1 positions for all forms of reproduction processes which employ photographic steps in the preparation of their printingstones' or plates, and which is also adapted to produce compositions for processes which compose directly on the plates and employ stencils and hecto-graph masters.

The designing of a key operated type printing machine which is only capable of producing copy to be used as high quality originals is no longer a remarkable accomplishment because there are typewriting machines now available on the open market which are capable of attaining this desired result, and any improvements which might now be made thereover could only relate to details, such as type face design and possibly line justification. However, the designing of a key operated type printing machine which is not only capable of producing high qualit Or y the use of diiferent styles and sizes of typewriter type faces, but is also capable of producing from foundry type faces copy which will meet all of the demands and requirements made of text compositions to be used in the several reproduction processes employing photography in the preparation of printing plates, or the like, and directly composed plates, stencils,

and hectograph masters is indeed an accomplishment. To meet such demands or requirements, a machine must be able not only to print or make impressions with a reasonable number of different families of foundry type faces, but it a1so must be able to operate with a reasonable number of different styles and sizes of type faces for each one of the selected families and the characters of the copy or composition must be spaced as intended by the designers or founders of the type faces. To the best of my knowledge and belief, Such a machine has never been designed fore,

In the printing of text or reading matter by means of the stones or plates used in such pianographic processes as photo-lithography, photolithography-offset, and pantone, and in such intagjlio processes as photogravure, it is necessary to prepare a composition which is photographed as a step in the production of the printing plate orstone. 'It is the usual practice to assemble the complete composition for a plate, which may print one or more pages of the matter to be reproduced, before resorting to the step of photograp ing the. c mp sit on.

If the characters of the text are to be those of foundry type faces, the copy has always been run offby letter-press printing machines employing composed type. The composed type must be set either by hand or by a type setting machine or it must be produced by a type-casting ma.- chine, such as the linotype or monotype. Setting the type by hand, of course, can only be employed profitably for headings or other parts employing unusual type faces. Type setting and type-casting machines entail a large capital investment and the employment of highly skilled craftsmen to operate the same. Before the copy can be prepared, the composed type must be locked in a chase and leveled on a stone or imposingtable to eliminate light spots. It may even require a certain amount of underlay work before an even impression can be obtained.

It is very evident from the above brief description of the procedure which has been necessary to prepare text copy of foundry type faces, that, as compared to letterpress printing, the principle. advantages obtained from the use of the aforesaid mentioned branches of planographic and intaglio processes have been in connection with reproducingillustrations or pictorial parts. This difficulty of producing text copy undoubtedly has been the principle reason why photo- .lithography, pantone, and photogravure proc- ,composing machines and typewriter machines which are capable of interchangeably using sev-.- eral sets of type faces of different sizes and styles.

There have been developed several different types of photo-composingmachines but they all employ the same basic principle. This principle embodies the production of a print which is composed by making a succession of photographic pictures on a sensitized negative from a set of master characters which, for example, may be carried by a film. The desired characters aresuccessively moved into the exposure position, in response to .the actuation of-the ap ropriate keys of a keyboard, and a picture is taken of each standing of this principle may be obtained by a study of the Edgar K. Hunter patent, No. 1,732 049, issued October 15, 1929, which is illustrative of this development.

Although this photo-composing process specifically, and the general subject of photo-typography under which photo-composing falls, havev been in the development stage for quite a number of years, as evidenced by expired United States patents dealing with the subject, the problem of economically providing foundry type face copy for photolithography, and the like, reproducing processes has remained unsolved.

Photo-composing processes, and the like, have failed commercially because of several undesirable features. First, the production of composition by this method is very time consuming and costly because of the aforementioned tedious method of photographically printing the composition character by character. Second, the composition is prepared blind; i. e., it cannot be seen until the composition is complete. Therefore, errors cannot be detected until the print is removed, developed, and fixed, and, as it is impossible to correct errors, considerable time is lost in completing a composition, in which an error has been made unknowingly, which must be discarded after the error is detected. This, naturally, adds materially to the cost of using this process. Third, it almost always is necessary to edit compositions one or more times before they are entirely satisfactory, as the party responsible for the work cannot determine just how it will appear until he can view the completed composi tion. As changes cannot be made in photo-composition prints, new ones must be prepared after each edit.

Of course, any typewriting machine is capable of preparing copy which can be used in making compositions for reproduction processes, and such copy is entirely satisfactory if the typewriter type face characters and the uniform spacing of said characters of the final printed matter are acceptable. Such printed matter, however, cannot be made to have the appearance of foundry type face printing. This is due to the fact that all typewriter type faces must be specifically designed to provide harmony when all of the printed characters are uniformly spaced, whereas foundry type faces are designed to provide harmony when all of the printed characters are spaced according to their respective widths. Furthermore, the ordinary typewriter machine is only capable of printing with one size and style of type; i. e., capital and lower case letters for a given size.

As stated above, it now is possible to obtain typewriter machines which are capable of printing with different sizes and styles of type faces. However, for any given size and style, the characters must still be uniformly spaced and the type faces must be specially designed to provide harmony for this uniform spacing. Reference may be madeto Patent No. 1,964,748, issued to Frank H. 'I'rego, on July 3, 1934;, for a disclosure of a typewriter machine of this kind.

It is obvious from the above that even this variable type size and style of typewriting ma chine is not capable of preparing copy for reproduction processes which will have the appearance of copy prepared from foundry type.

With the above discussion in mind, it is the primary object of this invention to provide a key operated type printing machine which is capable of producing copy suitable for use either as high quality original or to take the place of and be the full equivalent in appearance of reproduction copy which has heretofore been prepared either from ordinary or special typewriter type faces or from composed foundry type faces.

A further important object of the invention is to provide a machine of the above mentioned type which is capable of preparing reproduction copy, or copy for reproduction compositions, which may be written with many styles and sizes of typewriter type faces, with all of the written characters for any given style or size properly, uniformly spaced, or with many styles and sizes of foundry type faces, with all of the written characters differentially spaced in accordance with the sizes of the different characters and the intentions of the designers of the type faces.

Still another object of the invention is to provide feeding mechanism for the copy paper holding carriage which will operate to advance or space the carriage in response to actuation of the several character printing and/or certain control keys either a uniform distance for all characters, including lower case letters, capital letters, and figures, so that typewriter type faces may be employed, or a plurality .of different distances for loWer case letters and capital letters and. a uniform distance for figures, so that foundry type faces, with their various widths, may be employed.

Another object of the invention is to provide proper carriage feeding mechanism of the above mentioned type which is adapted to be adjusted to permit the machine to interchangeably employ many different points and styles of typewriter type faces and many different families, including different points and styles of each family, of foundry type faces.

Still another object of the invention is to provide a power operated drive for the aforementioned adjustable carriage feeding mechanism which also may be employed for moving the carriage its full length of travel, or any desired fraction of its full length of travel, in response to depressing certain control keys.

Another object of the invention is to provide a paper carriage and drive mechanism with a i selectively operable connection between the same so that the carriage normally will be connected to its drive mechanism but may be disconnected therefrom and moved independently to any desired point in a line being printed and then either reconnected to its drive mechanism at said new position or returned to its former position and then reconnected to the drive mechanism.

A further object of the invention is to provide, line spacing mechanism for the carriage which will space or move the paper vertically any one of a suitable number of different distances, each of which is a multiple of /12 part of an inch, or a multiple of one point in type sizes.

A still further object of the invention is to provide a platen structure on the carriage which will afford an appropriate printing surface for fiat faced foundry type which may vary .in size from 6 pt. to 14 pt., the said printing surface of the platen structure being so constructed as to "the same,

permit it :to .be L replaced at the will of and z-the operator swhn the-one use becomes aunieven' 'orlpitted. or. when ai printing surface. of a different characteruoridegree of hardnessis desired. r

Another object :of theiinvention is to provide a :novel form of spacing mechanism, for spacing between words; which operates on the principle of :Fig. 14,

quire the services of..a skilled typist and not a rcraitsinanskilled in the printing :art to operate the same.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparentduring the course 'of the followingdescript-ion."

.- -;In the accompanying drawings .forming a part of this specification and .in which like numerals are employedto design'atelike parts throughout Figure 1 is a plan view of the .key operated printing machine embodying this "invention,

Figure 2 is a side elevational view, taken of the right side of the machine shown in Fig. 1, with the exterior finishing plate or panel removed to betterillustrate the mechanism,

Figure .3 isra, vertical sectional view taken through themachine of Figs. 1 and 2, the said section not being taken on any particular section line of the preceding figures but being laid out to best illustrate certain parts of the mechanism of the machine, 1 v

Figure 4 is atop plan view which illustrates the keyboard, or the ban-k of character and control keys, with the links, levers, cams, etc., actuated by said keys, and also illustrates the source of power and apower transmitting or clutch; "mechanism, which interconnects the source of 'powerto the par-tsof the machine to be operated thereby, the. said plan view approximately'illustrating the mechanism lying. below the line 4-4 of Fig. 3,.

Figure 5 is a vertical sectional view taken on line 55 of Fig. 3,

Figure 6 is avertical sectional view taken on linefi -(iof Fig. 3, p

Figure 7 isa detail plan view of the carriage which supports and feeds -.or-advances the paper on which the. printing is to beimpressed, this figure also showing a-portion of-the :carriage .feeding mechanism, L

. I Figure 3 is a front elevational view of thepaper carriage and more clearly illustrates the paper pan and platen structure,

Figure 9 is .a rear elevational view of the paper pan'and platen structureincluded as a part .of the disclosure of Fig.;8, V, a V

Figure. 10 is a detail. horizontal sectional view of a portion of the paper carriage drive .mechanism and more particularly illustrates a clutch unit by means of which the carriage may be disconnected from its drive. mechanismfand moved independently thereof and by means of which the carriage may be, again connected; to its drive mechanism either :at its former posi tion or. at any :other desired selected point throughoutthe line being :printed,

.. Figure 11 is a detail, substantially vertical sectional 'viewof the carriage clutch mechanism and taken on linetlel-etllof Fig. 10,

'IFigurel2tisa detaii, end elevational View of a compressible clutch collar which iormsa part of the'riclutch mechanism disclosed in Figs. 10 andlll, I

Figurex13. .is a central longitudinal sectional view of the clutch collar shown in Fig.12,

Figure 14 :is a detail plan view ofa 'reversin drive clutch by means of which the paper car- :triagermaybe power :shifted to any extent desired in either one of its two possible directions of travel,

Figure #15 is a detail, vertical sectional view of the reversing clutch and taken on line l5l5 of Figure 16 isQa detail,"ver tical "sectional view taken on line I6-l6 of Fig- 14 and specifically illustrating the shifting mechanism for the slid- :20.

ing collar of the reversing clutch,

Figure 17 is a detail, vertical sectional view taken on line l'l-ll of Fig. 14 and more specificallyiillustrating one of the contractible clutch bands of the reversing clutch mechanism,

Figure 18 is a partlyvertical sectional view and elevational view illustrating a character controlling or actuating key with its mechanism which operates toposition' its particular type bar in printing positionwith respect'to the printing surface of the platen structure,

Figure 19 is a View similar to Fig. 18 but illustrates a difierent'chara'cter key and its type bar positioning mechanism,

Figure 20 is a detail plan view illustrating a, key and three bars whichmay be operated to effect movement of the paper carriage four different predetermined'distances to provide desired spaces between words, or the like, with the link, lever, and cam elements which are actuated by said key and bars to bring about the desired movements of the paper carriage,

Figure 21 is a detail, vertical sectional view taken through; thecarriage spacing mechanism of Fig.20,

Figure 22 is a plan view illustrating a spider employed for holding and collectively moving into printing position three different type baskets carrying a like number of different sized or styled type bars, 7

=Figure 23 'is a substantially vertical sectional view taken on line 23-23 of'Fig. 22

Figure 24 'is-a detail, vertical sectional view taken on line 24-24 of -Figi22;

V; Figure 25 is a detail; vertical sectional View taken on 1ine 25-'25 of Fig.22,-- I

Figure 26 is a detail, horizontal sectional view takeno'n line 2626 of Fig. 24,

Figure 27 isa detail plan view illustratingconillustratingionetype basket in printing position,

a plunger and: its: operating mechanism which will move the selected andpositioned type to impress cr printthe selectednharacter on'the paper to receive the impression}; and printing ribbon

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