US2409569A - Automatic firearm - Google Patents

Automatic firearm Download PDF

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Publication number
US2409569A
US2409569A US486782A US48678243A US2409569A US 2409569 A US2409569 A US 2409569A US 486782 A US486782 A US 486782A US 48678243 A US48678243 A US 48678243A US 2409569 A US2409569 A US 2409569A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
slide
bolt
locking
receiver
lugs
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US486782A
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English (en)
Inventor
Jr Melvin M Johnson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
EDWARD E RICE
MELVIN M JOHNSON
Original Assignee
EDWARD E RICE
MELVIN M JOHNSON
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE462273D priority Critical patent/BE462273A/xx
Application filed by EDWARD E RICE, MELVIN M JOHNSON filed Critical EDWARD E RICE
Priority to US486782A priority patent/US2409569A/en
Priority to GB12378/44A priority patent/GB598051A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2409569A publication Critical patent/US2409569A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A3/00—Breech mechanisms, e.g. locks
    • F41A3/12—Bolt action, i.e. the main breech opening movement being parallel to the barrel axis
    • F41A3/14—Rigid bolt locks, i.e. having locking elements rigidly mounted on the bolt or bolt handle and on the barrel or breech-housing respectively
    • F41A3/16—Rigid bolt locks, i.e. having locking elements rigidly mounted on the bolt or bolt handle and on the barrel or breech-housing respectively the locking elements effecting a rotary movement about the barrel axis, e.g. rotating cylinder bolt locks
    • F41A3/26—Rigid bolt locks, i.e. having locking elements rigidly mounted on the bolt or bolt handle and on the barrel or breech-housing respectively the locking elements effecting a rotary movement about the barrel axis, e.g. rotating cylinder bolt locks semi-automatically or automatically operated, e.g. having a slidable bolt-carrier and a rotatable bolt
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41A—FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OR DETAILS COMMON TO BOTH SMALLARMS AND ORDNANCE, e.g. CANNONS; MOUNTINGS FOR SMALLARMS OR ORDNANCE
    • F41A5/00—Mechanisms or systems operated by propellant charge energy for automatically opening the lock

Definitions

  • This invention relates to automatic guns of the type yhaving a breech closure provided with one or more locking lugs engageable in front of abutments on the receiver to transmit the breech pressure to the receiver, the lugs being movable from their locking positions in front of the abutments ⁇ to permit the breech action to recoil, together with a, slide for controlling the movement of the lugs, the slide being movable in unlocking direction in response to the discharge of the iirearm, and a spring for moving the slide in locking direction. While the slide may be actuated by a recoiling barrel vor an inertia member, itis usually gas-operated by tapping gas from the bar-rel in advance of the firing chamber.
  • Whi-le the aforesaid locking lugs may be on a separate locking piece movable transversely of the bolt, 'usually they are fast to the bolt and are moved into and out of locking position by rotating the bolt through an angle ofthe order of to 30 or less.
  • the abutting surfaces between the bolt lugs and the receiver abutments are disposed in a plane or planes perpendicular to the axis of the bolt. Consequently these Vsurfaces freeze tightly together while subjected to the high breech pressure, particularly in high-power firearms of the military type. Even after the breechpressure has dropped to ⁇ the point where it is safe. to unlockthe bolt the aforesaid engaging surfaces cling together and strongly resist the unlocking. movement of the lugs.
  • the work imposed'upon the slide in unlocking and opening the bolt is very high, reduiring very rugged constructed of the slide mech- ⁇ an'ism and much power to insure complete functioning under all operating conditions.
  • Objects of the present invention are to provide a construction in which the work imposed upon the aforesaid slide is greatly reduced, in
  • the abutting surfaces of lthe aforesaid locking lugs and receiver abutments are inclined to the direction of breech pressure so that the-breech pressure tends to ⁇ produce unlocking movement of the lugs, and the slide is provided with an abutment surface which obstructs the unlocking movementk of the lug un- Jtil the slide has moved a predetermined distance from firing position.
  • the inclination may be merely suflicient to assist the slide in unlocking and retracting the bolt, or it may be large enough to do all of the-Work of unlocking and retracting the bolt, overcoming the friction of the cartridge case in the ring chamber and the friction and inertia of the bolt; indeed it may be great enough not only to do all Vof this work but also to assist in retracting the slide and compressing the recoil spring.
  • the inclination may be in the neighborhood of r20" to 30 with respect to planes perpendicular to the axis of the bolt.
  • the slide also has a cam surface for camming the locking lugs into locking position near the end lof the movement of the slide towardy firing position.
  • FIG. 1 is a right side elevation of the firearm lwith parts broken away;
  • Fig. 6 is a section on line 6-6 of Fig. 5;
  • Fig, 8 is a left side elevation of the .forward end of the bolt; and Y Fig. 9 is a right side elevation-of the forward end of the bolt.
  • the firearmV comprises a receiver R, a barrel B', a wood stock W, a wood hand-guard G, a detachable magazine M, a sub-frame K for supporting the trigger mechanism, the sub-frame being detachably connected to the receiver at the front and rearV by means including a pin P at the front (Figs, 3 and 5), a bolt- B reciprocating back and forth in the receiver, an extractor V.F mounted on the forward end of the bolt, a gasoperated slide S for controlling the bolt and a recoil spring E for returning the bolt and slide to firing position after recoil, the recoil spring being enclosed by the right slide portion R of the receiver.
  • the barrel Extending longitudinally along opposite Sides of the barrel are grooves I to receive the lips of the forward end of the slide (not shown) to guide the slide in its back and forth movement. As shown at Zwin Fig. 3 the barrel has a sloping recess to facilitate assembly.
  • the bolt On opposite Ysides of its forward end the bolt is provided with two locking lugs 3 and 4 which have surfaces 5 and @which engage abutment surfaces Tl and S on the receiver to lock the bolt in firing position.
  • To unlock the bolt it is rotated in a counter-clockwise direction until the locking lugs 3 and l are out of line with the receiver abutments l 'and S, whereupon the bolt is free to recoil without further rotation.
  • the bolt In the closing movement the bolt reciprocates forwardly and then rotates in a clockwise direction to bring the locking lug in front of the abutments. While the bolt is reciprocating back and forth, after it has been unlocked and before it has been locked again, rotation is prevented by longitudinal guide surfaces la, and 8a, (Figs.
  • the surfaces 5 and VI5 of the lockingA lugs 3 and ⁇ 4 are inclined instead of'lbeing parallel to .a plane perpendicular to the axis of the bolt', and the cooperating abutments I and 8 of the receiver are correspondingly inclined, the inclinationbeing such that the breech pressure tends to rotate the bolt toward unlocked position,
  • unlocking Arotation of the bolt is prevented by the surface Q engaging the upper surface I3 of the lug 4 until the slide S has recoiled a considerable distance, by which time the breech pressure has dropped to a value which, while safe for unlocking, is still suiicient to overcome the friction of the cartridge case in the ring chamber, the friction of the bolt onY the receiver, the inertia of the bo-lt and the force of the recoil spring.
  • the slide In addition to the aforesaid Work of closing and locking the bolt the slide also performs the function of obstructing rotation of the bolt from locked position until the slide has recoiled far enough to releasethe lug d from the surface 9. With the surfaces E-l and 6--8 inclined enough to perform the work of unlocking and retracting the bolt the upward thrust on the surface 9 of the slide by the lug 4 is considerable.
  • the receiver is provided with a flange is overlying the upper part I5 of the slide, the flange having a depending portion I6 outside the part l5 so that the slide is confined not only against upward movement but also against outward movement.
  • the ange Ill is connected with the receiver not only by the inner portion I1 (Fig.
  • Va reciprocating breech bolt having one or more locking lugs engageable in front of abutments on the receiver to transmit the breech pressure to the receiver, the bolt being rotatable to remove the lugs from their locking positions in front of the abutments, the abutting surfaces of said lugs and abutments being inclined to the direction of breech pressure so thatthe breech pressure tends to produce unlocking rotation of the bolt, a slide for controlling the movement of the bolt, the
  • An automatic firearm comprising a barrel, a receiver, a reciprocating breech bolt having one or more locking lugs engageable in front of abutments on the ⁇ receiver to vtransmit the breech pressure to the receiver, the bolt being rotatable to remove the lugs fromtheir locking positions in front "ofthe abutments, the abuttingvsurfaces of said lugs and abutments being inclined to the direction of breech pressure so that the breech pressure tends to produce unlocking rotation of the bolt, a slide for controlling the movement of the bolt, means for moving the slide in unlocking direction in response to gas pressure in said barrel, and a spring for moving the slide in locking direction, the slide having an abutment surface which obstructs said unlocking rotation of the bolt until the slide has moved a predetermined distance from ring position in said unlocking direction, the slide having a cam surface for camming lthe locking lugs out of locking position after the slide has moved said predetermined distance from iring position,
  • An automatic firearm comprising a receiver, a reciprocating breech bolt having one or more locking lugs engageable in front of abutments on the receiver to transmit the breech pressure to the receiver, the bolt being rotatable to remove the lugs from their locking positions in front of the abutments, the abutting surfaces of said lugs and abutments being inclined to the direction of breech pressure so that the breech pressure tends to produce unlocking rotation of the bolt, a slide for controlling the movement of the bolt, the slide being movable in unlocking direction in response to the discharge of the firearm, and a spring for moving the slide in locking direction, the slide having an abutment surface which obstructs said unlocking rotation of the bolt until the slide has moved a predetermined distance from ring position in said unlocking direction, the slide having a cam surface for camming the locking lugs out of locking position after the slide has moved said predetermined distance from ring position, and the slide also having a cam surface for camming the locking lugs

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)
  • Special Wing (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
US486782A 1943-05-13 1943-05-13 Automatic firearm Expired - Lifetime US2409569A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE462273D BE462273A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1943-05-13
US486782A US2409569A (en) 1943-05-13 1943-05-13 Automatic firearm
GB12378/44A GB598051A (en) 1943-05-13 1944-06-29 Improvements in or relating to automatic firearms

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US486782A US2409569A (en) 1943-05-13 1943-05-13 Automatic firearm

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2409569A true US2409569A (en) 1946-10-15

Family

ID=23933218

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US486782A Expired - Lifetime US2409569A (en) 1943-05-13 1943-05-13 Automatic firearm

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (1) US2409569A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE462273A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB598051A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2685754A (en) * 1951-09-12 1954-08-10 Remington Arms Co Inc Breech-loading magazine firearm
US3030722A (en) * 1959-04-20 1962-04-24 Jessie T Ivy Receiver with lid covering the ejection slot
US4653210A (en) * 1985-02-28 1987-03-31 Poff Jr Charles R Firearm bolt action and extractor
US4930238A (en) * 1988-04-21 1990-06-05 Poff Jr Charles R Rimfire firearm receiver
US20060236582A1 (en) * 2002-05-10 2006-10-26 Lewis Karl R Monolithic rail platform and bolt assemblies for a firearm

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2685754A (en) * 1951-09-12 1954-08-10 Remington Arms Co Inc Breech-loading magazine firearm
US3030722A (en) * 1959-04-20 1962-04-24 Jessie T Ivy Receiver with lid covering the ejection slot
US4653210A (en) * 1985-02-28 1987-03-31 Poff Jr Charles R Firearm bolt action and extractor
US4930238A (en) * 1988-04-21 1990-06-05 Poff Jr Charles R Rimfire firearm receiver
US20060236582A1 (en) * 2002-05-10 2006-10-26 Lewis Karl R Monolithic rail platform and bolt assemblies for a firearm
US20110005384A1 (en) * 2002-05-10 2011-01-13 Lewis Karl R Monolithic rail platform and bolt assemblies for a firearm
US8234808B2 (en) 2002-05-10 2012-08-07 Karl R. Lewis Monolithic rail platform and bolt assemblies for a firearm
US8561337B2 (en) 2002-05-10 2013-10-22 Karl R. Lewis Monolithic rail platform and bolt assemblies for a firearm
US8713833B2 (en) 2002-05-10 2014-05-06 Karl R. Lewis Bolt assemblies for a firearm
US9217615B2 (en) 2002-05-10 2015-12-22 Krl Holding Company, Inc. Firearm assembly with upper receiver incorporating an integral upper rail

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB598051A (en) 1948-02-10
BE462273A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

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