US2401832A

US2401832A - Control system

Info

Publication number: US2401832A
Application number: US453833A
Authority: US
Inventors: Anker E Krogh
Original assignee: Brown Instr Co
Current assignee: Brown Instruments Co
Priority date: 1942-08-06
Filing date: 1942-08-06
Publication date: 1946-06-11
Anticipated expiration: 1963-06-11

Description

June 11, 1946. A. E. KROGH 2,401,832

CONTROL SYSTEM Filed Aug. 6, 1942 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR.

- ANKER E. KROGH ATTORNEY.

June 11,1946; E, K OGH 2,401,832

CONTROL SYSTEM Filed Aug. 6, 1942 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENTOR. :24 I25 ANKER E. KROGH ATTO ,EY.

Patented June 11, 1946 coN'rRoL SYSTEM Anker E. Krogh, Mount Airy, Pa., assignor to The Brown Instrument Company, Philadelphia, Pa., a corporation of Pennsylvania Application August 6, 1942, Serial No. 453,833

13 Claims. 1

The present invention relates to drying machines, and more particularly to a system for controlling the temperature of a paper drying machine so that the moisture content of a web of paper passing over such a machine may be held at some predetermined desired value.

Many ways of controlling the supply of steam to the drying cylinders or drums of paper drying machines have been tried in the past. Each of these, however, had some drawback. In some the control system was complicated while in others the web could not be kept with a constant moisture content. In any event the control systems previously known were to a large extent unsatisfactory and depended too much upon manual supervision.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a control system for a paper dryer that, during the drying operation, is fully automatic in operation and will maintain the moisture content of a paper web at a constant value.

.It is a further object of the invention to provide a control system for a paper drying machine in which the drying cylinders are divided into a plurality of groups or sections. The last section over which the web passes, or the dry end section, is maintained at a constant temperature and the section prior to this section has the flow oi. steam, or other drying medium, maintained at a constant value which may be altered in respouse to variations in the moisture content and the rate of variation of the moisture content of the web being dried.

It is a further object or the invention to provide a control system for drying machine which consists of a plurality of air operated control instrumentallties which are .so interlocked that the moisture content of the web leaving the machine is maintained at some constant value. The control system is also provided with means to keep the various parts thereof in the position in which they were when a break in the web occurred.

It is a further object of the invention to provide a dryer control system which maintains the last section of dryers over which the web-passes at some constant temperature which may be varied when the controi for the section of drying cylinders prior to the last section reaches one of its limits.

While the control system herein described was particularly designed for use with a paper dryer, and will be so described, it will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that the system can also be used with a machine used to dry other types of webs either artificial or natural.

The various features of novelty which characterize my invention. are pointed out with par= ticularity in the claims annexed to and forming a part of this specification. For a better understanding of the invention, however, its advantages and specific objects obtained with its use, reference should be had to the accompanying drawings and descriptive matter in which I have illustrated and described a preferred embodiment of the invention.

In the drawings: I

Figure 1 is a view of the entire control system,

Figure 2 is a diagrammatic view of the temper ature or pressure control instrument,

Figure 3 is a diagrammatic view of a portion of the flow control instrument,

Figure 4 is a view of the pressure responsive switch,

Figure 5 is a view, partly in section, of the air control portion of the moisture measuring instrument, and

Figure 6 is a sectional view of the four way valve and restriction T.

.Referring first to Figure 1, there are shown the number of drying rolls or drums 5 over which a web to be dried is passed from left to right. The rolls are divided into a plurality of sections which are individually controlled and to produce their drying efiects upon the web. The first secm tion of rolls over which the web passes is known Kit as thewet end section and-is supplied with steam by means of a header 7 that is common to all of the rolls in this section' The second section of the drying machine is known as the dry end section and is supplied by a header 8 that is common to all of the rolls in this section. The main header 9 supplies steam through a valve It to header '7 and through a valve II to the header 8. The valves l0 and ii are shown herein as diaphragm valves that are biased in an opening direction by a spring and which are closed varying amounts by means of air pressure which is applied to the diaphragm that works in opposition to the spring.

The temperature of the rolls in the dry end section is controlled by a temperature controller i2 that is shown herein a being an. air operated controller. This instrument may be responsive to either the temperature or the pressure of the steam in the rolls forming the dry end section, and, to this end, is connected by means of a tube It with the interior. of one of the rolls if the pressure is to be measured, and with a temperature bul'b located in one of the rolls if the temperature is to be measured. This instrument is supplied with air under a constant pressure from changes in the rolls forming the dry end section to thereby vary the pressure applied through a pipe 16 to the diaphragm of valve II to control the amount of steam supplied to this section.

The air control instrument i2 is preferably a Brown Air-O-Line controller which is shown and described in C. B. Moore Patent 2,125,081, issued on July 26, 1938, and now in extensive commercial use, but is shown herein in a diagrammatic form as an air controller having follow-up and reset provisions. To this end there'is shown in Figure 2 a, spiral Bourdon tube H, the fixed inner end of which -is attached to the end of tube l3. This tube is mounted in a suitable fashion on a bracket i8 to the casing of the instrument l2, The outer end of the spiral is provided with an arm l9 that is moved to the right or to the left as the temperature or pres sure being measured increases or decreases, re-,

Movement of this arm operates spectively, through a link 20 to adjust a bell-crank lever 2| around its pivot 22. The horizontal arm of the bell-crank supports the upper end of a link 23,

the lower end of which'is pivotally attached to one end of a floating lever 24, The other end of the floating lever is attached to the lower end of a normally stationary link 25. As the spiral 91 moves due to changes in the value of the condition being measured, it operates to raise and lower the left end of the lever 24 and also tomove a pen arm 26 that is attached to the shaft 22 across a chart 2! to make a record of th value of the condition.

One arm of a bell-crank 28 is attached by means of a bracket 29 tothe mid-point of the floating lever 24. This bell-crank is pivoted at 30 to the end of a rod 3| and is provided on its other end with a pin 32 that is adapted to operate a flapper 35. The-flapper ispivoted to'a bracket 36 and is normally biased in a counterclockwise direction so that it tends to throttle a nozzle 31 that projects from the left face of a support 36to which the bracket 34 is attached. The support 36 is provided with an opening, one side of which communicates with the nozzle 31 and the other side of which is in communication with a chamber 38 that is formed between a cup shaped casing member and a flexible beltional to the pressure increase and cut down the supply of steam to the drums. The second result follows from the pressure increase in chamber 38 and acts on the bellows 40, the inter-bellows space 4! and the bellows 42 to shift the rod 3! to the right and thereby give a follow-up movement to the flapper 33 to prevent overcorrection of the pressure change. This 'movement is followecl by a subsequent movement of rod 3| and the flapper in the original direction as the pressure in chamber M is slowly equalized with that of the atmosphere through the restriction 43. Ultimately, if there is no further change in the temperature of the drums 5, the flapper 33 will come to rest at substantially its original position with respect to the nozzle 31, with a difierent pressure in the system.

In order to change the control point of the instrument, or normal value of the temperature which it will maintain in the cylinders 5, the right end of the floating lever 24 may be raised or lowered to shift the normal position of the flapper 33. This is accomplished by having the upper end-of link 25 attached to the horizontal arm of a bell-crank Mi, the vertical arm of which is connected by a link ill to the midpoint of a diiferential lever 48. If the controlpoint is to be adjusted manua1ly,'the upper end of this link is moved by means of a knob 89 that is connected to the upper end of lever 48 by a. link 50. As the knob is rotated, lever 88 will be moved to the right or to the left to thereby rotate bell-crank A6 to raise and lower the right end of lever 2t. If the control point is to be adjusted automatically, a gear segment 55 to which the lower end of lever 48 is attached may lows both of which are attached to the support 36. A second chamber 4! is formed between the bellows 49 and a second, smaller bellows 62 which ment through the line, H, and a fixed restriction In the: operation of this control instrument, when for example the temperature in the drums of the dry end section increases, the Bourdon tube Il will be expanded to move arm I9 to the right. This acts through the lever system to lower the left end of floating lever 24 so that pin 32 on the bell-crank 28 can be shifted to the right to permit the flapper 33 to throttle the flow of air through nozzle 31. v This produces two results, the first of which is to increase the pressure in the chamber 38 and the line l6 so that the pressure on the diaphragmof valve II will be increased to close this valve an amount proporbe rotated around its pivot 52 by means of a pinion 53 that ison or geared to a motor 54, In normal operation, one end of the lever 48 would be held stationary while the other is ad-' justed to change the control point of the instrument.

Steam to the header 1 which. supplies the wet end section of the drying-machine is controlled by means of a flow meter 56instead of by an instrument that is responsive to the temperature or pressure of the steam. To this end, a pair of pressure taps 51 and 58 are connected to the legs of a U-tube manometer 5| that forms part of the instrument 56 and which is shown diagrammatically in Figure 3. These taps at their upper ends extend into the supply pipe on either side of an orifice plate 59 which'creates a differential pressure varying with the flow. The instrument 56 is preferably a Brown Air-O-Line flow controller of the type disclosed in the above mentioned Moore patent, but is shown herein as being the same type of air controller as that in Figure 2.

The manometer BI is provided with a measur- 7 ing liquid 62 upon the surface of which, in one of the legs, there 'is a float 63. As the flow to the header 1 varied, the differential pressure across the orifice will change to raise or lower the level of the liquid upon which the float 63 rests. In

this manner the float which is connected to a.

lever 64 operates to move this lever around a shaft 85. The shaft 65, preferably has one end attached to the arm 64 in the manometer, and v the other end attached to an arm 68 which is ex-' terior of the manometer, the shaft passing through a pressure tight bearing. Movement of the arm 66 acts through link 20 to adjust the air control instrument in exactly the same manner in which arm I9 of the Bourdon tube servesto adjust the air control instrument of Figure 2. This instrument can also have its control point adjusted manually in a manner above described, or it can be adjusted automatically. The automatic adjustment is shown herein as being responsive to pressure variations applied to a link 81 by means of a bellows 88. This bellows is supplied with air pressure that varies in accordance with some condition in a manner tobe described. It will be, apparent that variations in the pressure in the bellows OI will serve to move the lower end of lever 48 in the same manner in which rotation of the motor 54 will serve to move this lever in the instrument of Figure 2.

In some cases it may be desirable to extend the range of the drying machine by varying slightly the temperature that is normally maintained in thedry end section when the amount of steam supplied to the wet end section has reached one of its limits. It is also occasionally desirable to vary the temperature of the dry end section, when some predetermined limit is reached that is neither the maximum nor the minimum open ing ofthe valve l0, since some times better control is obtained it the valve l0 works through only a small intermediate portion of its range. To this end, there is provided a pressure operated switch 1i which is responsive to the pressure of air in the line from the flow meter to the valve Ill. The opening and closing of this switch at some given maximum or minimum pressures in the line 10 serves to control the operation of motor. 54. To this end, the 'switch is provided with a bellows 12 that is connected by means of pipe 13 to the line 10. As the pressure in the bellows increases or decreases, it moves a lever 14 around its pivot 15 against the tension of a spring 16 or permits spring 18 to-move the lever. Upon the outer end of lever 14, there is a contact 11 that engages, upon an increase in pressure, with,

a stationary contact 18, and upon a decrease of pressure, with a stationary contact 19. The contact 11 is connected by means of a wire 80 to one I tact 18 or contact 18, the motor 54 will be run in one direction or the other to adjust the control point of the controller II. A switch 84 is provided to prevent operation of the control point adjusting motor so that if it is not desirable to have this adjustment, it may be readily done away with. In order to adjust the limits, between which the valve l0 may be operated without afiecting the motor 54, the

contacts

18 and 19 can be adjusted relative to the position of contact 11 or the spring 18 may be adjusted. This latter is shown accomplished by fastening the lower end of the spring 18 to one end of the lever 85 that is pivoted at 88. An adjusting screw 81 extends through the lever 85 and a stationary support 8'. As the screw is rotated, the lever 85 will be moved up or down to vary the tension of the spring 18, thus changing the limits at which the motor 54 will be operated.

In order to control the dryer in accordance with the moisture content of the web passing over the drying rolls, it is necessary to provide some type of moisture responsive instrument which can be used to reset the control point of the flow controller in response to moisture variations in the web. This is'done by an air claimed in the W. P. Wills Patent 2,115,805 which issued September 24, 1940. In this patent, the moisture is measured by measuring the electrical conductivity of the web since this condition of the -web varies in accordance with moisture changes. To this end, there is provided a roller 9| which is in engagement with the web and which is connected by means of

wires

82 and 93, and switch 94 to the instrument 80. The roller 9| is supported by a lever 85 that is pivoted at 96 and biased in a clockwise direction by spring 81. This spring presses the roller 9| against the web which is supported by a second roller 88 that is grounded.

While it is usual to measure the moisture of the web just after it leaves the drying machine, it is sometimes of advantage to make a measurement at a point prior to the last dryer roll over which the web passes. To this end there is provided a second roller 99 corresponding to the roller 9| which is connected by wire I" to another teminal of the switch 84. By merely throwing the switch from the position in which it is shown to a position in which its blade engages the contact on the end of wire I00, the instrument 90 will be made responsive to moisture at a point in the path of the web before it leaves the drying machine.

As explained in the above mentioned Wills patent, in response to moisture variations in the web, a shaft IOI in the instrument IN is proportionally roated to move a pen carriage I02 across a chart I03 to make a record of the moisture content of the material. The instrument .9. is also provided with a so-called control table which can be adjusted between the edges of the chart through a path parallel to the path of the that cooperates with a roller, I08 projecting up-' wardly from the pen carriage. As the pen carriage moves relative to the control table, the

cam I04 will be moved up and down in accordance, with relative positions of the roller I0! and the edge I05. 'I'hiscam is attached to a bar I01 to move the latter with the cam and to also move a yoke member I". The bar andthe yoke are on opposite sides of a pivot shaft III which projects from the side frame III of the instrument. The arrangement is such that as the pen carriage moves up-scale orto the right in Figure 5 along the edge I of the cam, this cam and its rod I01 will be moved upwardly while the yoke I08 move's downwardly since the rod and yoke are on opposite sides or the pivot I". The yoke I08 is connected through suitable linkage III to an actuating element the movement of which gives control eflects to the air operated controller.

The lever H2 is pivoted at H: to an adjustable fulcrum member IH, in the form of a lever having a stationary fulcrum pivot H5. The movements of the lever I produce control 'eflects by moving a flapper valve H8 away from or permitting it to approach a nozzle or bleed 7 orifice member Ill. The flapper valve H6 is mounted on a stationary pivot H8 and is biased for movement in the direction in which it approaches and restricts the discharge through the nozzle Ill. The lever II2 acts on the flapper H6 carried by a depending arm of of the pilot valve mechanism. One wall I 23 of that chamber is movable, and separates the chamber I22 from a second pilot valve chamber I25. The'pressure in the latter is regulated by a valve I25 actuated by the said movable wall I23.

' The pressure in the chamber I24 is thus maintained in constant proportion to the primary control pressure in the chamber I22, and constitutes the ultimate control pressure of the apparatus.

The ultimate control pressure is transmitted by a pipe I25 to the device to be controlled which as shown in Figs. 1 and 3 is the remote control point setting bellows 68 of the flow controller 56. The ultimate control pressure is also ultimately transmitted by pipes Idi and Id2to mechanism I27, forming a part'of the control apparatus, and adapted, following and as a result of eachinitial change in the ultimate control pressure, effected through lever I I2, to give the lever H an initial follow up adjustment, and a delayed compensating adjustment. The follow-up adjustment neutralizesa portion of the initial adjustment of the flapper valve Ht effected by the lever II2. 'The delayed compensating adjustment slowly neutralizes more or less of the effect of the preceding follow-up adjustment.

The mechanism' 82? comprises bellows elements two of which are connected by a connecting rod I28, which carries a projection I29. The latter acts on lever tit through a lever I30 pivoted at MEI, and a pin I32 interposed between the levers I39 and H t.- The pin I32 is supported by a member I85. adjustable to vary the leverage with which the lever i801 acts on the lever IIQ. The latter is biased for movement in the clockwise direction, as seen in Fig. 5.

Details of the construction and operation of the mechanism I21, not specifically referred to herein, will be understood by those skilled in the art from the drawings, and need not be described herein, particularly as that mechanism is not only fully disclosed in said prior Moore Patent No. 2,125,081 but is in extensive use.

Interposed betweenthepiiot valve I28 to the mechanism I21 01 the air control instrument is a rate response device I38. This device serves-to inject into the control-effect delivered by this controller a component that is responsive to the rate of change of the moisture content. This rate responsive device consists of a container that is divided into a pair of chambers by means of a flexible partition I31 that is held in a given neu= tral position by springs I88. The two chambers formed in the container are connected through a variable restriction I38 that can be adjusted by "means of a-screw Md. The upper chamber of the rate responsive device is connected by the pipe I42 to the mechanism I 21 of the instrumen and the lower chamber is connected by means of the pipe I 4| to-the pilot valve I26. Itis noted at this time that the pipe I 26 extends from the pilot valve to a four-way valve I53 and from this four-way valve through pipe 69 to the control point adjusting bellows 68 ofthe flow controller 56.

In the operation of this control instrument, if for example, the moisture content of the web should increase, the shaft II'II will be rotated in a direction to move the pen carriage I02 upscale or to the right in Figures 1 and 5. This causes the roller I06 to move along the edge I05 of the cam of the control table to raise that cam and its rod I01 and to lower the yoke I08. This acts to permit lever II2 to move in a counterclockwise direction so that flapper I It can throttle the flow of air through the nozzle Hi. Pressure will accordingly be built up in the chamber I22 of the pilot valve I2I above wall I23 to move the latter downwardly and open the inlet to chamber I24 from the pipe It to increase the pressure in the system. This simultaneously produces two results. First,'air pressure will be built up in pipe I26, and pipe 69 to the bellows W in flow meter 56. Such operation will move the link A! to the left to raise the control point of that instrument and increase the supply of steam to the drying drums in the wet end section. This increase in the supply of steam will raise the tcmperature of these drums and lower the moisture content of the web to its normal value. The second operation that is produced as a result of opening the valve I25 in chamber 52d is to increase the pressure in pipe MI, Such increase gives an immediate small follow-up and a delayed large follow-up movement to the air controller portion of the moisture measuring instrument 9d.

The immediate small follow-up is due to the compression of bellows I31 which in turn compresses the air in the upper chamber of the rate responsive device Itt to increase the pressure in pipe m2 and in the right end of the mechanism I21. Such operation causes the rod I2t .to move to the left and acting through pin I29, lever Itt, pin I32, and lever He, will shift the flapper a small amount from the nozzle II'II. Later, as the air leaks through the restriction, a large follow-up movement will be obtained. The speed of this large follow-up or the setting of the restriction I39 is related to the lag characteristics oi the instrument and process so that the followup will take place at a rate proportional tothe rate of change of the moisture. In other words, it the moisture content of the web is changed slightly, the leakage through restrictions I39 can take place as fast as the pressure in the chamber I2d changes.- Th'is produces in eflect, an immediate follow-up. If, however, the moisture content of the web is changed rapidly, pressure will increase in the pilot valve chamber I2 i faster than it can pass'the restriction I39, so that the control point of the flow meter will be set higher than necessary. As the air leaks past the re-' striction, the main follow-up in the mechanism I2! will takeplace, and the air pressure will be lowered so that the control point setting of the flow meter will be brought back to a normal value for the moisture content. This extra raising and lowering of the control point of the flow meter compensates for the rate of change of the moisture, and will act more quickly to bring the moisture content of the materlarback to normal. As the follow-up is occurring in the mechanism I21,

a subsequent reset or compensating action is pro duced as the rod I28 is slowly moved back to its original position under the action of springs acting on the rod.

Provisions are also made to manually control the supply of air to the control point resetting bellows 68 of the flow meter; To this end, a branch pipe I50 extends from the supply pipe I4 and includes in it a pressure regulator I5I. a restriction T I52 and pressure gauge I53, and a second restriction T I54 which, in the position of the four-way valve that is shown, connects this line with the atmosphere. Each of the restriction Ts is provided, as shown in Figure 6, with a passage I55 that is variably restricted by means of a conical end I5] of an adjustment screw I58. As the screw I50 is moved toward or backed away from a shoulder in the passage, more or less air can escape therethrough.

In the normal operation of the system, the four-way valve I43 is in the position shown so that the moisture instrument 80 is connected to the flow meter 56 and air exhausts to the atmosphere through Ts I5I and I54 from the pipe I50. When it is desired to control the flow meter manually, as would probably be the case if the web should break, the four-way valve is moved to a position in which pipe I20 is connected with restriction I54 and pipe I50 is connected with pipe 59. The restriction I54 is so adjusted that switch 94' will be thrown to the left to connect the instrument 90 to the measuring roll 99.

the instrument 90 will tend to maintain, because of it, an air pressure that is an average value of the pressure which is normally maintained in the bellows 68. This can be determined by experiment. The pressure supplied to the bellows 58 through pipe I50 can be regulated by manually adjusting the regulator I5I. Normally speaking, this regulator would be so adjusted that the temperature of the drums in the wet end section will be kept slightly below normal. In the case of the paper breaking, the operator will merely move thefour-way valve to the position in which pipe I50 is connected with pipe 69. Because of the setting of the restriction 1' I54, the instrument v90 will be kept in an adjustment for an average pressure value to be applied to the bellows 65, and because of the adjustment of the regulator i5 I, the flow meter control point will be adjusted to a position in which the temperature of the drums in the wet end section of the dryer will be kept slightly below normal.

The operation of the control system should be apparent from the above detailed description. A short summary of the manner of operation will, however, be given at this time. When the control system is working normally, the controller I2 will maintain the temperature of the cylinders in the dry end section at a constant predetermiried' value. The flow meter 55 will also be maintaining the temperature of the drums in the wet end section at some predetermined value by regulating the amount of steam supplied to these drums. This amount of steam, however, willv be adjusted from time to time as the moisture content of the material varies. This adjustment is taken care of by the moisture measuring instrument 90. ,In normal operation, the switch 04 will be opened so that there will be no automatic adjustment of the control point of the controller I2, and the switch 04 will be in the position shown in Figure 1 so that the moisture content of the material will be measured after it has passed entirely through the dryer. If for some reason, it is desired to measure the moisture content of the material before it is completely'through the drum, the

If it is desired to adjust the control point of the controller I2 in response to variations of the 'pressureproduced by the flow meter 55, the switch 84 can be closed. Thereafter, the control point of controller I2 will be shifted in one direction or the other when the pressure in line I0 reaches one of the other of predetermined limits. It is noted that the speed of, motor 54 and the gearing is such that the control point of instrument I2 will only be shifted a very small amount, often only a fraction of a degree, upon each operation thereof.

Upon a break occurring in the web going through the dryer, the four-way valve I43 will be thrown from the position shown to its second position, thereby connecting the control point setting bellows of the controller 55 with air at a predetermined pressure and connecting the output of the instrument with the restriction 1' I54. By the addition of the rate responsive unit to the air controller of the instrument 80, a better control is obtained, since a deviation of the moisture content of the web from its desired value can be more quickly corrected than would be the case without this feature.

From the above description, it will be seen that I have invented a complete and very versatile control system to be applied to web drying machines.

While in accordance with the provisions of the statutes, I have illustrated and described the best form of this invention now known to me, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the form'ot the apparatus disclosed without departing from the spirit of this invention as set forth in the appended claims, and that in some cases certain features of this invention may sometimes be used to advantage without a corresponding use oi other features.

Having now described this-invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. In a drying machine having a plurality of drying drums which are divided into a plurality of sections including a dry end section, means to supply a drying medium to each of said sec- .tions individually, means to regulate the supply of drying medium to the rolls on the dry end of said machine, means responsive to the temperature of the drying medium in said dry end section to adjust said regulating means to maintain said section at a constant temperature, a second means to regulate the flow of drying medium to a section prior to said dry end section, control means responsive to the flow of drying medium to said section prior to said dry end section to adjust said second regulating means, and means to adjust said controlmeans in response to the moisture content of the material being dried.

2. In a drying machine having a plurality oi drying drums which are divided into sections including a dry end section, means to supply a drying medium to each section individually, a

first regulating means to regulate the supply of drying medium to the dry end section. a first control instrument responsive to the temperature of said dry end section acting on said regulating means to maintain the temperature 01' said section at a constant value, a second regulating means to regulate .the supply of drying medium to a section prior to said dry end section, a second control instrument having adjustable control point means and responsive to the flow of drying medium to said second mentioned section acting on said second regulating means to maintain the flow therethrough at some constant value, means responsive to the-moisture content of the material being dried, and means operated by said last mentioned means to adjust the control point of said second control instrument.

3. In a drying machine having a plurality of drying drums, means to supply steam to heat said drums, means to measure the flow of steam to some of said drums, -means operated by said measuring means to adjust themeans to supply steam to said drums, means to measure a condition indicative of the'moisture content of a web dried by said drums, means to adjust said flow measuring means to vary the amount of steam it will tend to maintain 'in the supply to said drums, and means operated by said condition measuring means to adjust said adjusting means.

4. In a drying machine having a plurality of drying drums which are divided into a plurality of sections including a dry end' section, means to supply a drying medium to each section individually, means responsive to a physical condition of the dryingmedium in said dry end section to control the drying medium supplied thereto to maintain said dry end section at a constant temperature, a control instrument having adjustable control point means and including means responsive to the flow of the drying medium for a section prior to the dry and section, said instrument operating to maintain the flow of drying medium thereto at a constant value, means responsive to the moisture content of the material being dried, and mechanism operated by said last mentioned means to adjust said control point means so that said instrument will maintain a difierent flow to its section, said mechanism including means to inject into its control of'said control point means a component responsive to the rate of change'of the moisture. content of the material being dried.

v5. In a drying machine having a plurality of drying drums, means to supply steam to said drums, a valve to regulate the supply of steam, a control instrument operative to measure the amount of steam flowing to said drums and to adjust said valve to maintain the supply of steam at a normal value, control point adjusting means to adjust the instrument to change the normal value of-the steam supply, means to measure the moisture content oi the material dried' by said machine, and means operated byv said measuring means to adjust said control point adjusting means in accordance with the-value of the moisture content and its rate of change.

6. In a drying machine having a plurality of drying drums which drums are divided into a plurality of sections and including a dryend section, means to supply a drying medium to each of said sections individually, a control instrument responsive to the temperature of said dry end section and operative to regulate the supply of drying medium therefor, a control instrument responsive to the flow of drying medium to a section prior to said dry end section and acting to regulate the supply of drying medium thereto, said last mentioned control instrumenthaving pressure responsive control point adjusting uring means to adjust the. press of d s pply of fluid, manually operated means to adjustthe pressure of said supply; and manually open ated means to alternately supply one of said adjusted pressure supplies to said control point adjusting means.

, 7. In a drying machine having a plurality of drying drums, means to supply a drying medium trol point adjusting means, said instrument being responsive to the flow of said drying medium to said drums and operating to adjust said regulating means to keep the flow of said drying medium'constant, means'responsive to the moisture content of the material being dried, a source of fluid under pressure, air control means adjusted by said responsive means to regulate said source of fluid, a second supply of fluid under pressure, means to manually adjust said second supply of fluid, and means to apply either the fluid adjusted by said air control means or said manually adjusted fluid to said control point adjusting means.

'8. In a drying machine having a plurality of drying drums Which are divided into sections including a dry end section, means to supply a drying medium to each section individually, a first control means responsive to the temperature of the dry end section acting to maintain the temperature of said section constant, regulating means to control the supply of drying medium to a section prior to the dry end section, a second control means operative to adjust said regulating means between limits, means 1 operativel connected to said first control means and automatically actuated by said second control means upon the attainment of either of said limits to act on said first control means to vary the temperature at which it will maintain said dr end section, and means responsive to the moisture content of the material being'drled to 'adjust'said second control means.

dryer prior to the dry end section, second control means working between limits to adjust said second regulating means, and means operatively cgnnected to said first ocntrol means and automatically operated by said second control means upon the attainment of one of the limits, to act on said first control means to thereby cause said first controI means to vary the temperature at which it will maintain said dry end section.

10; In a drying machine having a plurality of drying drums that are divided into sections including a dry end section, a supply of steam for said drums, valves to regulate the flow of steam to each section individually, a first instrument having control point adjusting means to measure the temperature of the drums in said dry end section and to adjust the valve controlling the steam to that section to keep the temperature .of the drums at some normal value, a second instrument to measure the flow of steam to a section of drums prior to the dry end section to adjust the valve controlling the steam to that section to a normal value between predetermined l3 limits. means to measure the moisture content of material being dried b the d-ying machine. mechanism operated by said last mentioned means to vary the normal value or how maintained by said second instrumentin accordance with the moisture content of said material and the rate of change of the moisture content, and

means operatively connected to said first instrument and operated when the valve controlling the flow of steam to the section priorto the dry end section reaches one oi its limits to adjust the control point adjusting means or said first instrument.

heating medium to another section of said drums,

means operated by said flow measuring means to control the operation of the regulating means for that section, and pneumatic means operatively connected to said flow measuring means to adjust the value 01 the now maintained by said" flow measuring means including a bellows,

'a supply of compressed air for said bellows,

means to regulate the pressure of the air, a pipe through which air is supplied from its source to said bellows, an adjustable leak in said pip and means to disconnect said air supply from said bellows.

12. In a drying machine having a plurality of drying drums which are divided into sections including a dry end section, means to supply a dry.

ing medium to each section individually, as first control means responsive to the temperature of matic control point adjusting means, means to measure the moisture content of the material being dried, a first suppl 01' air under pressure regulated by said moisture measuring means, a second supply or air under pressure, manual means to adjust said second air supply, a variable leak member. a valve, connections between said valve and said control point addusting means, said first and said second air supplies and said variable leak, and means in said valve to connect said first or second air supply alternately with said control point adjusting means and said variable leak.

13. In a drying machine having a plurality of drying drums which are divided into a plurality of sections including a dry end section means to supply a drying medium to each or said sections individually, means to maintain the temperature of the section on the dry end or the machine constant in response to a physical condition of the. drying medium in said section, means including an instrument responsive to fiow of the drying medium and having an adjustable control point to control the flow of drying medium to a section over which the material to be dried 1 said instrument.

mm B. KROGH.