US2401021A - Machine for statistical computations - Google Patents

Description

May 28, 1946. M. Rosr-:NBERG ET AL MACHINE FOR STATISTICAL COMPUTATIONS Filed June 2, 1945 3 Sheets-Sheet l Omi V E Q\ m Q m2 f mah NNN/M Q )QN NW MaYZS, 1946. M. RosENBERG ET Al. 2,401,021

MACHINE FOR STATISTICAL COMPUTATIONS Filed June 2, 1943 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 May 28, 1946- M. RosENBl-:RG ET AL 2,401,021

MACHINE FOR STATISTICAL COMPUTATIONS Filed June 2, 1943 3 SheenLS-SheetI 3 Patented May 28, 1946 MACHINE FOR STATISTICAL COMPUTATIONS Martin Rosenberg, Brooklyn, and Matthew (haben, now by judicial change of name Matthew Conrad, Jamaica, N. Y.

Application June 2, 1943. Serial No. 489,586

(Cl. 235-6L6) Claims.

Our invention relates particularly to a machine whereby statistical data. may be readily ascertained from a plurality of records thereof. This is accomplished preferably by utilizing light transparent areas on a record of any desired character, such for instance as a motion picture film, each frame of which can represent a punched card or a portion of a, punched card in a Holler-ith counting system.

The object of our invention is to provide a machine of this character by which statistical data may be obtained from a succession of individual records containing data of any desired character. A further object is to provide a machine of this-kind which is operated from a motion picture tllm carrying a series of frames, each of which contains records of data to be compiled by means of the machine, Another object is to actuate the statistical mechanism of the machine by the position of light transmitting areas in the film the object being, furthermore, to maintain the synchronism in the operation of the machine, not only for successive frames of data recorded on the nlm but also in the successive lines of data recorded on the film and by means of which self-synchronization is obtained. Stili another object is to carry out scanning by means of an electron beam, preferably in a cathode ray tube. Cne of the objects is, furthermore, to scan each particular frame of the film while at rest, only one photo-electric cell being needed therein. Still another object is to provide advantageous circuit arrangements for controlling the movement of the said beam. Our apparatus is of the type in which the value of a particular integer or digit is determined by a sweep horizontally while the places or denomination of the particular numbers are determined by differences in relative positions vertically. Further objects o f our invention will appear from the detailed description of the same hereinafter.

While our invention is capable of embodiment in many different forms, for the. purpose of i1- lustration we have shown only one form thereof in the accompanying drawings, in which- Figs. 1 and 1A are a. diagrammatic representation of an apparatus made in accordance with our invention;

Fig. 2 is an elevation of a portion of a motion picture film which may be used in connection with our apparatus; and

Fig. 3 is a section online 3-3 of Fig. 1A.

In the drawings, we have shown a cathode ray tube I which may be of any known or usual construction, but which, for example, is shown as a cathode ray tube designed for electrostatic deflection of the electron beam produced therein. For this purpose the cathode ray tube I comprises the usual glass tube 2 having a conical end 3 provided with a circular light emitting surface 4 in the form of a fluorescent coating on the interior of the tube 2. The tube 2 contains in the usual way a rarifled atmosphere and a beam of electrons is produced therein from a iilament 5 located in a circuit 6 having a source of current 1 for this purpose. Within the tube 2 there is a metal cylinder 8 surrounding the path of the beam of electrons in order to accelcrate and focus the same into a narrow electronic beam 9, the cylinder 8 being adapted to receive an electrostatic charge from a wire I0 connected to a source of current Il, which in turn is connected by a wire I2 to the circuit 6. The electronic beam 9 is arranged to be deflected substantially horizontally by plates ia and I2a within the tube I, and which are provided with varying voltage potentials from amplifier output wires I3 and I4 leading, respectively, to an amplifier I5 constructed in any desired or usual way, it being understood that the electrons of the beam 9 are deflected towards one of the plates Ila and I2a having a relatively positive potential thereon at any given moment. The amplifier I5 is connected to input wires I6 and I1. Furthermore, the said cathode ray tube has therein opposed plates IB and I8 for the vertical deflection of the electronic beam 9, the same being connected, respectively, by wires 20 and 2l to an amplifier 22 constructed in any desired or usual way, and which has connected thereto input Wires 23 and 24.

The electronic beam 9, which is accelerated and focused by the cylinder 8 impinges on the fluorescent screen 4 in the usual Way, the light emitted by the screen 4 being passed through an aperture 25 in a conical housing 26 having a lens 21 to concentrate the light onto a photoelectric light sensitive cell 28 constructed in any desired or usual way, but which may, for example, have an alkali metal cathode surface 29 therein, such, for example, as sodium or caesium, preferably in a high vacuum tube 29e, the resistance of which varies with the intensity of the light received thereby. The surface 29 is connected by input wires 30 and Il to an amplifier 32 constructed in any desired or usual way, which in turn is connected to output wires 33 and 34 in a circuit, one end of the wire 34 being connected to a ground 3l while the other wire 33 is connected to a brush 3l on a rotary commutator hub 31 carrying fiizedly thereon a conducting arm 88 which is rotatable on a commutator 39. The commutator 85 has a non=conducting space d8 and conducting areas di, Q2, |83, 55, 45, 48, 51, 58, d@ and The areas il to 58 correspond, respectively, to the ten lines of data in each frame on a .motion picture film 5i, which is carried on a supply reel feeding the film in the direction ci". the arrows to a reel 58 on which the iilm is to be rolled up. As shown in Fig. 2, the film has the usual sprocket holes 5d for advancing the nim intermittently by means of fingers 55 on a rotary hub 55. The said film, furthermore, has a series of light transparent areas 51, 58 etc., one for each frame, for synchronizing the re spective frames of data with the apparatus. As shown in Fig. 2, ten or any other desired nurnber of lines or" light transparent areas or holes 58 are carried by the film to be scanned. A. mask 88 masks out the lines opposite the light transparent areas 51, 58 etc., and is .not attached to the nlm but is rigidly supported so as not to move relative to the cathode ray tube. The nim also carries a vertical light transparent strip 5l for synchronizing the respective ten lines of data. Guide rolls 52 and 53 guide the film 5l in the usual way between the circular area fl on the tube l and the housing Between the conducting space 58 and the nom-conducting line there is a conducting terminal 55 on the coinmutator 89 for operation with each of the light transparent areas 51, 58 etc. to synchronize the successive frames of data. Also, between the non-conducting space 48 and the respective conducting lines 4i to 58 there are conducting terminals 55, 56, 6l, 58, 59, 18, 1|, 12, 13, l14 and' for synchronizing the ten lines of data on the nlm with the apparatus. In addition, connected to the successive conducting lines 4| to 58 there are one or more conducting terminals 16, 11, and 18 at the lines 43, 44 and 45, and of the same kind at the remaining terminals 4|, 42, 45, 41, 48, 59 and 58 (not shown), for operating accumulating and tabulating number wheels 88, 8| and 82 and, if desired, additional number wheels (not shown), shown diagrammatically herein as a part of any desired adding or tabulating or accumulating machine, such, for example, as shown in the patent to Lake, No. 1,534,- 531 (which refers to the patent to Hollerith No. 945,236), granted April 21, 1925, or Bryce, No. 2,124,906, granted July 26, 1938, it being understood that the wheels, after accumulation of the data therefrom, may be reset by hand or as disclosed in the patents to Lake or Bryce.

At the starting position of the apparatus the conducting arm 38 will be over the terminal 64, which point has been reached after the accumulation of the data of one of the frames on the film 5|, and in this position a circuit will have been made by the arm through the terminal 84 and a wire 8|a connected thereto leading to a trigger magnet 82a which releases a catch 83 carried by a pivot 84 normally moved into engagement by a spring 85 with a cam stop 86 on a shaft 81 so that when the circuit is made through the wire 8|a the catch 83, which has been used to bring the entire moving system to rest, is released from the cam stop 85, permitting the rotation of a belt 88 on a pulley 89 located on the shaft 81 and which passes over a pulley 90 on a shaft 9|, thus bringing the system into rotation. 'Ihe pulley 98 is driven by a belt 92 passing over a pulley 93` having a. friction face 94 which is adapted to be driven by a friction face 95 carried by a pulley 96 on a shaft 91. When the current is received from the wire 8 a to release the catch 83 the circuit is completed through a wire 98 which leads to a coil l99 Vwhich is adapted to move a lever |88 on a pivot |8| operating a yoke |02 provided with a, shaft |83 supporting a friction wheel |84 which, when moved by the magnet 99, makes frictional contact between the friction surfaces 94 and 95. This conveys power from a belt |85 on the pulley 96 which is driven by a pulley |86 on a shaft |81 of a conm tinuously rotating electric motor |88 of any desired type. The coil 99 leads to a ground |89 and when the circuit has been made through the coil 39 a stick circuit i i8 is completed by the coil 99 by means of a termina1 cooperating with a switch arm H2 normally retracted by a spring H3. By this means, once the circuit is made through the coil 59 the circuit therefrom is maintained, notwithstanding the breaking of the current in the wire 98, until the stick circuit through the contact i i is interrupted. The current for the stick circuit is supplied to the switch arm i2 by a wire l i4 connected to a battery t 5, or other source of current, which in turn is connected by a wire i i6 to a 'terminal il? for cooperating with a switch arm M8 adapted to be moved by a coil i|9 connected to a ground |28, and which is connected to a spring switch arm i2! normally out of contact with a terminal leading toa battery |23 and a ground |24. The switch arm |2| is adapted to be made to contact with the terminal |22 by an insulating end |25 on the outer end of the conducting arm 38, just before the said arm 38 reaches the conducting terminal 54. This breaks the stick circuit ||8 and disconnects the friction wheel |84 from the friction surfaces 94 and 95 ready to start the operation over again. The advancing of the film one frame is accomplished while the arm 38 is opposite the non-conducting line 40. This is accomplished by a belt |26 which passes from the pulley 98 over a pulley |21. The pulley |21, by means of band |28, drives a pulley |29 located on and free to rotate about a fixed bearing shaft |38 on which the hub 31 is rotatably mounted and rigidly connected to the pulley |29. Also, the said pulley |21, by means of a band |38a, drives a pulley |3| free to rotate about a shaft |32, said pulley |3| having attached thereto the hub 56 which is provided with the ngers 55 which cooperate with the perforations 54 on the lm 5| to move the lm to the next frame. This movement of the nlm 5| to the next frame, as above indicated, takes place in the interval represented by the non-conducting line 48. Meantime, from the point where the arm 38 has started to advance from the conducting terminal 64 the beam of light will be deflected slowly downwardly while being oscillated horizontally and will in this downward movement extend all the way to cover the ten lines of the frame in the film in one revolution of the shaft |38. During the movement of the beam corresponding to the line t, of Fig. 2, the arm 38 will move the distance 48 indicated on Fig. 1, and the beam will move the remaining distance downwardly, represented by lines B, HM, TM, M, HTh, TTh, Th, H, T and U on Fig. 2 in the remainder of the 360 of rotation of the shaft |38 represented by B, HM, TM, M, HTh, TTh, Th, H, T and U on Fig. 1.

This downward deflection of the beam 8 brought -about by the arm 38 contacting with the terminal 64, and receiving current due to the light beam passing through 51, 58 etc., is initiated by the wire 8|a leading to a wire |33 which is connected to a grid |34 of a thyratron tube or grid controlled ionic conductiontube |35. 'nils tube |33 has an anode |33 connected to a source of current or battery |31.by a wire |33. The said battery` |31 is also connected by a wire |33 to a switch terminal |40 cooperating with the switch arml H3. The tube |33 is provided with the usual amount of vapor or gas, for example of mercury, argon or neon. 'I'he tube |35, furthermore, has a cathode |4| which is connected to branch wires |42 and |43 provided. respectively, with resistances |44 and |45. 'I'he resistance |44 is connected byfa wire |43 to an anode |41 of a tube |43 similar to the tube |35. The tube |43, furthermore. has a cathode |43 connected by a wire |53 to a ground |50a and to the resistance |45, it being understood that the resistances |44 and |45 are so adjusted as to give the desired difference of potential between the anode |41 and the cathode |49. Also, a condenser is connected across the wires |46 and |50 by means of wires |52 and |53. A grid |54 in the tube |43 is connected by a wire |55 and a battery |59 to a wire |51 connected to the wire |30, which is also connected to the wire 24 leading to the input side of amplifier 22. The wire 23, connected to the amplifier 22, leads to the wire |43 and the anode |41. When contact is made by the arm 33 with the terminal 64 a potential is produced on the grid |34 which is suillcient to start the current between the anode |36 and cathode 4| which then, through the resistances |44 and |45, produces the different potentials on the anode |41 and cathode |49 so as to bring about ultimately a flow of current between the same. This difference in potential between the anode |41 and cathode |49 accumulates by reason of the condenser |5| until the point is reached where the charge on the condenser |5| is so great as to break down the tube, that is to say the current between the anode |41 and the cathode |49. Dur.. ing the accumulation produced by the condenser |5| the beam 9 is moving slowly downwardly over the successive lines t and B, HM, TM, M, H'I'h, 'I'Ih, Th, H, T and U of the particular frame of the film 5| and when the tube |43 breaks down, as above indicated, the beam is quickly moved upwardly to its original starting position. Also, during this vertical deflection of the beam 9 by the plates I3 and |9 it is being horizontally deected back and forth all the time by the plates ||a and |2a. When the beam has moved downwardly opposite the line B oi Fig. 2, the arm 33 will have reached the contact 65 and will thus have caused the accurate beginning of the horizontal oscillation of the beam 9 by reason lof the horizontally oscillating beam having passed over or reached the vertical transparent band 6| on the film 5|. Thus, when the beam has become lowered to a point opposite the line B, on Fig. 2, the arm 33 will have made contact with the terminal 65 and similarly thereafter in the successive lines HM, TM, M, HTh, 'I'I`h, Th, H, T and U with the contacts 66 to 15, all of which are connected together by wires |59, |60, |6|, |62, |33, |34, |65, |36, |31, |63 and |69 to a wire |10 which in turn is connected by a wire |1| to a grid |12 in a tube |13 like the tubes |35 and |43. The circuit arrangement of this tube 13 is similar to the circuit arrangement of the tube |43 except that instead of having a tube such as the tube |35 for initially energizing the tube 13, the latter operates by means of current derived from a battery or source of current |14. For this purpose the tube |13 is provided with an anode |15 connected by a wire |13 to the wire I3 and to a variable resistance |11 leading by a wire |13 to the battery |14 and connected also to a condenser |13 which is connected tothe wire |1 as well as to a wire |30 leading by a wire |3| to a cathode |32 in the tube |13. The said wire |3| is also connected by a wire |33 to a terminal of the battery |14 and the said wire |33 is bridged to the grid wire |1| by means of a wire |34, a battery |35, a wire |33 having a ground |31 and a wire |33 leading to a resistance |33 which is connected by a wire |30 to the grid |12. This arrangement provides a horizontal oscillation for the beam 9 owing to the fact that the condenser |19 builds up potential by reason of the charge from the battery |14 which flows through the resistor |11. This potential is built up by the condenser |19 to the point where it finally breaks down at the gap between the anode |13 and cathode |32 so as to be started over again by the charging of the condenser |19 from the battery/'|14. The battery |35 serves, as in the case of the battery |53, to bias the grid |12 to a proper operating potential. When the beam reaches or passes over the transparent strip 6|, however, a charge is conveyed by the wire |1| to the grid |12 sufiiciently to break down the tube |13, thus returning the beam to the left-hand column of Athe frame, in Fig. 2, to start the accurate scanning of the lines of transparent areas or openings 53. The quick return of the beam, due to the break down of the tube |13, will cause the beam 3 to pass quickly towards the left in a substantially horizontal line so as not to encounter the openings 59 on the movement toward the left, in Fig. 2, so that when the beam is moved toward the right on the further downward deflection oi' the beam the latter passes over whatever areas 59 are in the particular line being scanned. It will be understood that the circuit of tube |13 is normally adjusted so that potential across the tube |13 will become suilicient to cause conduction in the tube at a time corresponding to the point where the light beam passes a short distance to the right of the transparent band 6|. Thus, the tube |13 Will become conducting when the light beam passes to the right of the band 6|, irrespective of the grid |12.

This data indicated by the location of the transparent areas 39 on the film 5| is arranged to be transferred to a counting or tabulating machine, which is shown diagrammatically in Fig. 1A as being driven by a shaft |9| by means of a conical friction surface |92 engaging with a conical friction surface |93 on the pulley |21. The shaft |9| has splined for longitudinal movement thereon a succession of clutch elements |93, |94 and |95 which have lateral serrated faces |96, |91 and |93 for engagement with serrated faces |33, 200 and 20| on the number wheels 30, 3| and 32 carrying a succession of digits 202, 203 and 204 on the peripheries thereof. These numbers 202, 203 and 204 can be integrated into any desired compiled data according to the type of machine in which they are used, as, for example, a machine such as shown in the Lake or- Bryce patents above referred to. The wheels 30, 3| and 32 are actuated by the clutch members |33, |94 and |95 being thrown into contact with the said wheels 30, 3| and 82 which are normally carried loosely by the shaft |9|. The clutch members |93, |94 and |95 are thrown into action, respectively, by means of arms 205, 206 and 201 carried on pivots 203, 209 and 2|0, respectively, the said arms being normally with.- drawn by springs 2||, 2|2 and 2|3. These arms 205, 256 and 201 are moved by armatures 2|4, 2|5 and 2|3 of magnets 2|1, 2|3 and 2I3 having wires 220, 22| and 22 leading to a ground wire 223 connected by a wire 224 to a ground 225. The other ends of the magnets 2|1, 2|3 and 2|3 are connected by wires 223, 221 and 223 to coils 223, 230 and 23| of stick circuits comprising wires 232, 233 and 234 which lead, respectively, to terminals 235, 236 and 231 cooperating with switch arms 238. 239 and 240 carried on pivots 24|, 242 and 243 and normally retracted by springs 244, 245 and 246. The switch arms 233, 233 and 240 are connected by a wire 241 to a battery 243 which has a wire 249 leading to a terminal 250 cooperating with the latch-breaking arm ||3. As shown in Fig. 1, a spring 25| normally holds the switch arm I8 in contact with the terminals I1, and 250. The circuit, including the wire 223, is broken when the zero digit is reached at the end of each horizontal sweep, as in the patent to Hollerith No, 945,236. For instance, this may comprise a circuit breaker 243er located in the line 223 operated by a cam 24317 and may be driven by the shaft |9i, Wires 252, 253 and 254 also connect the coils 229, 230 and 23|, respectively, with the conducting terminals 13, 11, 13 on the commutator 39, which are, respectively, connected to the conducting areas 45, 44 and 43.

It will be noted that in the applicants apparatus shown'in the drawings, the value of the particular integer or digit is determined by the position along each particular horizontal row in Fig. 2, that is to say the numbers of the digits 9 to 1 and 0 correspond to the ten places 9, 8, 7,

6, I5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0, one for each vertical column.

The vertical letters B, HM, T'M, M, HTh, TTh., Th., H, T and U in said Fig. 2 represent the places or denominational orders, respectively, in a ten place number. For example, the number in said Fig. 2 is, accordingly, 9784261530, represented by the transparent or solid line circles.

In the operation of our apparatus, the motion picture film 5|, carrying a succession of frames of data registered thereon by transparent areas or perforations, is fed into the apparatus by inserting the reel 52 carrying said film therein and connecting the end of the film to the reel 53. The film is fed into the machine by turning the machine manually or otherwise until one of the transparent areas 51, 53 etc. comes opposite to the y external left hand end of the path of movement of the beam of light produced by the cathode ray beam 9 impinging on the fluorescent surface 4. It is to be understood that the several batteries and amplifiers illustrated in the drawings, and the motor |03, are each provided with the usual hand switches or other means for initiating and stopping their operation. It is to be understood further that the cathode ray beam normally is set, by adjusting the normal biasing potentials applied to the deecting plates thereof, to such a position that the extreme left hand position of the beam will be in the vertical line that is determined by the transparent areas 51 and 53 so that in the feeding of the film 5| forwardly the extreme left hand position of the beam will intersect said areas 51 and 58. Briefly, when the beam has reached one of the areas 51 and 53, the fingers 55 will move the film 5| forwardly the distance of one frame while the beam is passing towards the right, in Fig. 2, behind the stationary mask and the beam thus is caused to move towards the right and then towards the left and downwardly until the whole frame is scanned. When the beam has reached the 0 position in the bottom row or shortly thereafter the beam returns directly to the spot 51 or 53 on the same frame which has Just been scanned, thus advancing the nlm to the next frame to be scanned. The conducting arm 35, being at rest opposite the conducting terminals 34, will thereupon energize the grid |34, producing a current between the anode |35 and cathode |4i, whereupon charges of different potentials, due to the resistances |44 and |45, are produced on the anode and the cathode |43. The difference in potential in the wires |53 and |52 will then accumulate in the condenser I 5| until the accumulation is so great as to cause the break down of the tube |43. Accordingly, during this period of accumulation in the condenser i5| the cathode ray beam 3 will move slowly downwardly under the inuence of the charges on the plates i3 and i9 and the whole range of lines t and B, HM, TM, M, HTh., 'I'Ih, Th, H, T and U has been traversed and upon the break down of the tube |43 the beam will be quickly shifted upwardly to its starting position. It is to be remembered that in accordance with the well known characteristic of a tube of the class of grid-controlled gaseous atmosphere tubes, as in |35, once the anode current has been initiated by a voltage energizing the grid by a positive potential, the grid loses control of the anode current and the latter continues irrespective of the interruption of the energizing voltage. During this downward movement of the beam 3 it will first traverse the height of the line t during which interval the beam oi light is cut. ofi' from the film 5| by the mask 50. By the time the beam has reached line B, in Fig. 2, that is to say when the arm 38 has reached the contact 55, the horizontally deflected beam of light will be past the vertical transparent light strip 5| and will be quickly returned therefrom to the position at the left side of the film 5| by the break down in the tube |13 caused by the circuit connection |1| energizing the grid |12 to a suicient extent for this purpose. This break down starts the horizontal deflection over again due to the tube |13, the said horizontal deflection being brought about by the gradual accumulation of increased potential by the condenser |13. This increase of potential on each oscillation finally breaks down the tube |13 which would take place normally at or to the right of the transparent strip 5|, but the break down is made to synchronize accurately with the lines of the film by energizing the grid |12 through the circuit |1| when the arm 33 reaches each of the conducting terminals 55 to 15 in succession and when the light beam reaches the transparent strip 5|. The values of the condenser |19 and the resistor |11 are selected so that the frequency of oscillation o1' the vertical sweep circuit will be one tenth the frequency of the horizontal sweep circuit. It will be noted that the resistor |11 is shown in the drawings, Fig. lA, as being a variable resistance, so that the above described frequency adjustment may readily be made. Also, when in each of the spaces 4| to 50-it being understood that each of said spaces can have a terminal comparable to the terminals 16 to 19-and when the beam passes over a particular one of the transparent areas 53 in the line preceding the particular one of the said terminals 13 to 19, the particular circuit 252, 253 and 254 will be energized at that point to close the particular stick circuit 232 or 233 or 234 so as to move its particular wheel 30, 8| or 32 forwardly, that is to say to advance their setting in the usual manner of a Hollerith counter,

a distance equal to the remaining number oi' spaces in the particular one of the lines B and U so that thereby the particular number wheel 80, or 82 stops at the particular number indicated by the position of the transparent area 59 that has been so scanned. The circuit is broken and the particular clutch |93, |94 or |95 is thrown out by the breaking of the particular stick circuit owing to the circuit breakers 249a breaking the holding circuit at the end of each horizontal sweep. The numbers thus registered by the stop positions of the wheels 80, 8| and 82 will then be added, collated, compiled or otherwise registered on the particular statistical mechanism desired to be used therewith. The adding mechanism goes through one cycle (one revolution of the shaft |9|) for each horizontal sweep of the scanning beam. It will be understood, thus, that when the beam of iight initially passes through the transparent area 51 it causes the rotation of the arm 38 over the commutator 39 owing to the completion of the circuit through the wire sla which releases the cam stop 86, closes the contacts and ||2 in the stick circuit, and moves the friction wheel |04 into contact with the friction wheels 93 and 9B so as to convey power from the continuously operated motor |00 to the pulley |21 which drives the belt |28 and thereby the arm 38. The arm 38 opposite the line t performs the function indirectly of shifting the film to the next frame by the belt |30, by the fngers 55 engaging the perforations 54 in the nlm 5| and during the remainder of its 360 rotation scans the ten lines of said iilm 5| in succession. When the arm 38 reaches the spring switch arm |2| it energizes the magnet I9 to break the circuit with all three contacts H1, |40 and 250', thus momentarilybreaking the circuit through the tube |35, thereby stopping the conduction through this tube until such time as the grid |34 is energized, and all the stick circuits to start the movement of the lm to the next frame and the scanning of the ten lines of the new frame. The conical friction driving elements 94, 95 and |04, |92 and |93 and the belts |28 and |30, the showing of which is merely diagrammatic as stated above, will be operated preferably at low speeds, although high speeds may be used, if desired, but are not by any means essential in the operation i of the apparatus. However, it will be understood that, instead, any other type of gearing may be used for this purpose, if desired.

While We have described our invention above in detail it is to be understood that many changes may be made therein without departing from the spirit of the same.

We claim:

1. An apparatus controlled by a photographic film strip, comprising coded transparent areas, means for advancing the same to successive stationary positions, each corresponding to a frame, a device, including a cathode ray tube having cathode ray deflecting means therein, for transmitting a beam of light through portions of the stationary film successively, a photoelectric sensitive element arranged to receive the successively transmitted light beams and a registering mechanism for registering the impulses received from said photoelectric sensitive element, said deflecting means including plates adapted to carry electrostatic charges, a sweep circuit connected to a Iportion of the deflecting means to cause vertical deflection thereof, said film having a light transparent area at the beginning of each frame, and means controlled by said transparent area when said light beam passes therethrough to initiate the sweeps in said sweep circuit so as to maintain synchronism between the deflection of the light beam produced by the sweep circuit and the film advancing means, a commutator, a conducting arm movable over the commutator adapted to transmit current from the photoelectric sensitive element to distribute the current from the photoelectric sensitive element to the registering mechanism in the operation of the sweep circuit by said transparent area, means to rotate the arm through one cycle while the cathode ray is being deected throughout the length of the fllm frame longitudinally of the film, said advancing means being operated in timed relation to the last mentioned means, a second sweep circuit connected to the remainder of the deilecting means to cause a plurality of horizontal deflections for each vertical deflection, said film having a light transparent area to transmit light at the end of each horizontal deiiection and means controlled by said conducting arm to initiate the operation of said second sweep circuit each time the light beam detects said last mentioned transparent area.

2. A machine of the type set forth in claim 1 in which the second sweep circuit has a grid and the registering mechanism has a plurality of registering means in circuit, respectively with areas on the commutator located between successive positions thereon connected to the grid of said horizontal deecting means.

3. In a machine controlled by a photographic iilm strip, each frame of which has data represented thereon by light modifying marks located in denominational columns and digital rows, means for advancing said film strip, frame by frame, to successive stationary positions, a cathode ray tube for transmitting a beam of light through said lm for detecting said data representing marks, said tube having two pairs of deiiecting plates for causing deflection of said beam in two directions, a photoelectric means arranged to receive the light transmitted through said film as modied by said marks, each film frame being provided with a special light modifying mark, a first sweep circuit connected to one of said pairs of plates for causing deiiection of said light beam in the direction of said digital rows, a distributor having an arm connected to said photoelectric means, normally operative means for operating said distributor, means controlled by said photoelectric means through said distributor for initiating operation of said sweep circuit upon detection of said special mark so as to synchronize the operation of said sweep circuit with said film advancing means, a second sweep circuit connected to the other pair of deflecting plates for causing a plurality of deflections of said light beam in the direction of said denominational columns for each deflection by the first sweep circuit, each lm frame having further means for modifying the light beam at the end of each columnar defiection thereof, means controlled by said photoelectric means through said distributor for initiating a new cycle of said second sweep circuit each time the light beam is modified by said further light modifying means, a plurality of data registering devices, one for each denominational column and operable in synchronism with said distributor arm and means controlled by said photoelectric means and said distributor for causing successive operation of said registering devices as the light beam sweeps across related denominational columns of light modifying marks.

4. In a machine controlled by a photographic lm strip, each frame of which has data represented thereon by light, modifying marks located in columns and rows located substantially at right angles to each other, means for advancing said film strip, frame by frame, to successive stationary positions, a cathode ray tube for transmitting a beam of light through said film for detecting said data representing marks, said tube having two pairs of deflecting plates for causing deflection of said beam in two directions, a photoelectric means arranged to receive the light transmitted through said film as modified by said marks, each film frame being provided with a special light modifying mark, a first sweep circuit connected to one of said pairs of plates for causing deflection of said light beam in the direction of said rows, a distributor having an arm connectedto said photoelectric means, normally operative means for operating said distributor, means controlled by said photoelectric means through said distributor for initiating operation of said sweep circuit upon detection of said special mark so as to synchronize the operation of said sweep circuit with said film advancing means, a second sweep circuit connected to the other pair of defiecting plates for causing a plurality of deections of said light beam in the direction of said columns for each deflection by the first sweep circuit, each nlm frame having further means for modifying the 1ight beam at the end of each columnar deflection thereof, means controlled by said photoelectric means through said distributor for initiating a new cycle of said second sweep circuit each time the light beam is modified by said further light modifying means, a plurality of data registering devices, one for each column and operable in synchronism with said distributor arm and means controlled by said photoelectric means and said distributor for causing successive operation of said registering devices as the light beam sweeps across related columns of light modifying marks.

5. A machine of the type set forth in claim 4 in which the normally operative means to operate the distributor and the data registering devices in synchronism are effective to operate the film advancing means, a clutch means for controlling the operation of said operative means and control means therefor also controlled by said photoelectric means through said distributor upon detection of said special mark.

MARTIN ROSENBERG. MATTHEW COHEN.

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