US2394629A - Oil burner - Google Patents

Description

L. w. MILOS Feb. 12, 1946.

OIL BURNER Filed Aug. 6, 1941 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 l I I l I I I r l l l l I:

INVENTOR, Lou/5 lV-Milos,

ATZORNEX L. W. MILOS OIL BURNER Feb. 12, 1946 Filed Aug. 6, 1941' 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR, MiloJ ,Louz s W- QBQWQEQQ,

A 7'7'ORA IE X Patented Feb. 12, 1946 UNITED STATES PATENT QFFICZE 2,394,62

omBURNER Application August 6, 1941-, Serial Na. mm s clams; (01. an;

' This invention relates to combustion apparatus and particulars those using fluid fuel, as oil. Its" objct is to provide an apparatus of this type which may be operated with a very considerable economy of fuel. In carrying out the invention I have provided a no e1 ieiiieedr structure, herein termed a burner, which may exist as a unit and be readily assembled with an existing furnace. In practical applications of my invention I have found that the lining of the combustion chamber of a furnace with refractory material for storing the heatmay be omitted since the heated pro-ducts of combustion are so directed throughthe combustion chamber as to unde'rgo'd'elayd travel in close contact with thewalls of the chamber. or so as' to avoid considerable quantities Of them passing to the flue before their heat can be'u's'e' fully availed of;

In the' drawings: A

Fig. 1 is a front elevation and Fig. 2 a side ele vation, partly in section; of one form of. the" burner;

Fig. 3 is afragmentary longitudinal section thereof, the fuel discharge me'ans appearing elevation;

Fig. 4 is asection on line 4-'-4, Fig. 3;-

Fig; 5 is a-front elevation of the burner, illustrating by arrows the general directions of fluid discharge;

Fig. 6 shows a furnace diagrammatically in side elevation and partly broken away and embodying the invention;

Fig. 7 shows the fuel nozzle partly in longitudinal sectionjand partly in elevation; and

Figs. 8, 9 and 10 respectively show the nozzle plug in front elevation, transverse section and side elevation, Fig. 10 being fragmentary.

Let a be any furnace structure including a preferably cylindrical combustion chamber 1) having a stack or flue c at its discharge end for waste products of combustion and a space d adjacent, as here surrounding, the combustion chamber and to contain the fluid, as water, steam or air to be heated. How said space is formed, whether as here as.a single space or as tubes, is of course not material. At the intake of the combustion chamber, otherwise open, there is a wall I obstructing fluid flow to the chamber from the atmosphere and here formed circular to conform to the cylindrical form of the chamber, in which it is fitted. This wall has numerous air passages 2 each of relatively little area and all formed to discharge air to the combustion chamber in streams biased in a common rotative direction around the axis of said intake, or here all biased anti-clockwise. In

this example this is aetnimisiieiiy cgmmg S's-1d senses radiating flutes 3 ach having two uiahy'relat" portiohsonepf which atle t, b QK SE Qfi in bl a xe atwn to" the time i the tau; an n; such wan per; tio'ns Being onset i t e 5 me rotative directi qns from the other will pc I s31), the passages 2" existing in the wall orti ns at substantially r; pendiciilar to the respective planes of; the latter, sea-stats to seal tubular ex'tensibii' r sem wen i is resent at ,4;- clos' its r'ai'o'r atmosphere end, as at fld'.i, This serves as will appear, to support the ful supply means? E x c'egtidr the passag s tl'iintalie of tli'e'coni ti chamber stares as ne s s atmosphe' toprvent new; or aii' intbthep'hamber via its i t e ian as wane interfere was the" consulate tob'e' m'aintainedtherfeih, V y The" fuel supply means, artisans to'pass sum met through said wmr nere wfibfrses a pipe 5 supptrtedtit-41 and' a discharge'no'zn tsubstari many coaxia with; the imakeflor chamber 5 a s which may be of weir-'1; we type;- thus: 1 is the" nozz e proper iaviag a were 19' generally eymcn cal butconical at its frgntn d and havihgat the" apex of it'scdriicalportion the nozzle outlet 8 or part of bore la'a'n'd hating an'enlargedthraded bushing 9a screwed into the bore and attli end thereof adjacent said outlet a stem QB formed rrustdzeonicai'to fitth conical portion of said bore? By' a slot" cfliii th" bushing" the fuel may enter the rio'z'zle'proper; and byslits d formdin' t'h'eonical part of the in tangent relation to an imaginary cylinder described about the plug axis the fuel attains the outlet. The fuel discharge, as viewed laterally, is in the form of a quite obtuse cone of finely divided particles having its apex at the outlet.

Assume air under pressure exists back of or at the atmosphere side of wall I and that fluid fuel, as oil, is delivered by the nozzle. The air passing through the passages 2 enters the combustion chamber in a multitude of streams as per the solid arrows a, viewing said wall from the front, I

wall.

angularlyto the general plane of the wall.)

state of combustion is confined to and substantially fills a relatively narrow zone of and Within the combustion chamber immediately adjoining said wall. a condition of relatively reduced pressure adjacent the wall at its combustion-chamber side and existing around each of the passages, it being known that when a jet of liquid or gas passes through air it carries the surrounding air along with it, setting up rarefaction or an .aspirating state around the jet, the aggregate aspirating action of the jets fromthe passages in the present. case being sufilcient to deflect the particles of fuel from their otherwise straight paths from said Of course, to prevent the forming of carbon deposit on wall I the fuel is preferably not directed against said wall by nozzle 6 whose outlet 8 discharges preferably as explained, viewing such I discharge laterally, and is positioned adjacent to the plane of said wall.

At any rate,'the whirling of the air not only promotes good mixing of the fuel and air but has this advantage, that it continues appreciably beyond the said zone toward the flue, more or less,

according to the air pressur back of wall I, so that the hot products of combustion travel hell- I cally in close proximity to the surrounding wall of the combustion chamber 50 as thereby more or less directly to heat the content ofv space d. Thereby it is unnecessary to line the combustion chamber :with any heat-absorbing refractory material, as in the case of the common type of oil burner where the flame, of less diameter than said chamber, is directed more or less axially through the latter and toward the flue and a refractory lining is necessary to store the heat, a I considerable quantity ofthe heat escaping un-' availed of at the flue.

Usually, of course, air under pressure is to existat the back of wall I, as by resort to any type of air pump fan or equivalent (not here shown).

, For this purpose said wall forms with another wall l back of it and an annular wall II cont meeting them and coaxial with wall I a pressure Apparently this is to be attributed to.

chamber l2. The air should preferably be whirled in this chamber in the rotary direction of the air-vortex existing in the combustion chamber, wherefore the air pipe l3 for the chamber is here disposed tangentially thereto and so as to direct the air thereinto in the same direction as the direction of rotation of said vortex, or here counter-clockwise.

In some instances the combustion chamber, as b, Fig, 6, may be of such appreciably greater cross-sectional area than the wall I (and it may even be also angular in cross-section) that the whirling or vertical action of the air, initiated at said wall, will fail to continue throughout an appreciable lengthwise extent of such chamber proper. Hence I have found it quite advantageous in such cases to extend into the combustion chamber from said wall a substantially an nular battle [5 substantially concentric with the fuel discharge means 56 and of a diameter to surround, preferably closely, all the air-passages in wall I. The baille is preferably perforated, as at IE, to permit air to escape through it, without which expedient it will soon be destructively influenced by the heat if it is of metal; the, perforations also permit such fuel as might collectin the space I! around the baflle and form a gas pocket to undergo consumption.

Having thus fully described my invention, what I claim is:

1. In combination, structure including a combustion chamber having an'intake and a discharge end andhaving itscombustion chamber of greater cross-sectional area than the intake, said structure also including a wall obstructing air flow from the atmosphere to the chamber via the intake and said wall having dispersed throughout the whole area of the intake numerous'foramina forming air-passages all formed to discharge air to said chamber in a multitude of streams bi-.

ased in a common rotative direction around the substantially central axis of said intake, means, substantially coaxial with said intake, to discharge fluid fuel into said chamber in directions generally radiating from said axis and through said multitude of streams, and a substantially annular bafile at the combustion-chamber side of said wall and substantially coaxial wtih the intake and surrounding substantially all of said passages.

2. The combination set forth in claim 1 characterized by said bafile enclosing an area'approximating that of the intake.

3. The combination set forth in claim lcharacterized by said baflie being perforated.

LOUIS W. MILOS.

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