US2392805A - Glass fiber strand - Google Patents
Glass fiber strand Download PDFInfo
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- US2392805A US2392805A US505857A US50585743A US2392805A US 2392805 A US2392805 A US 2392805A US 505857 A US505857 A US 505857A US 50585743 A US50585743 A US 50585743A US 2392805 A US2392805 A US 2392805A
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- Prior art keywords
- fibers
- strand
- resin
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- glass
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C25/00—Surface treatment of fibres or filaments made from glass, minerals or slags
- C03C25/10—Coating
- C03C25/24—Coatings containing organic materials
- C03C25/40—Organo-silicon compounds
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S118/00—Coating apparatus
- Y10S118/20—Wire and cord roller
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S55/00—Gas separation
- Y10S55/24—Viscous coated filter
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S8/00—Bleaching and dyeing; fluid treatment and chemical modification of textiles and fibers
- Y10S8/01—Silicones
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
- Y10T428/2938—Coating on discrete and individual rods, strands or filaments
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
- Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
- Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
- Y10T428/2964—Artificial fiber or filament
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31551—Of polyamidoester [polyurethane, polyisocyanate, polycarbamate, etc.]
- Y10T428/31609—Particulate metal or metal compound-containing
- Y10T428/31612—As silicone, silane or siloxane
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the production of fibrous glass in strand and other forms.
- it is concerned with the binding together and the lubricating of the individual glass fibers in textile strands, slivers and yarns.
- a plurality of streams of molten glass are flowed from a bushing or feederand are attenuated into fine fibers by a rotating drum onto which the fibers are wound. As they are attenuated, the fibers pass over a guide that collects them into a compactstrand and simultaneously applies binding and lubricating materials to the fibers.
- binder and lubricant are to a large extent determinative of the value of the finished strand, yarn or fabric.
- An improperly lubricated strand is subject to mutual abrasion between the fibers when the strand is flexed, and is quickly self-destroyed.
- Such a strand also suffers from the abrasion caused by movement through guides and over machine elements as in a loom or braider, by becoming fuzzy due to the breaking of fibers in the strand.
- fiber textiles find applica- With these types of materials the fibers are coated with oil and the gelatin or starch in water tends to collect in droplets on the oiled surface and as a result a uniform coating of binder was not 0btained. There was a tendencyto be unbonded in the strand of their lengths due binder coating.
- This aspect of the invention is important where for some filaments for at least parts to the non-uniformity of the the yarns, strands or fabrics are used to reinforce thereby greatly increasing tion of the materials to the fibers.
- the individual fibers in the strand are provided with a coating comprising a combination of compounds selected from the class consisting of hydrolyzable organo-silicanes or silanes, their hydrolysis products and their polymerized hydrolysis products or polysiloxanes, that is, the organosilicon compounds which contain organic groups attached to the silicon atom through direct carbon linkage.
- At least one of the compounds is a resinous material effective to bind the individual filaments together in the strand, and at least one other of the compounds is a material of oily nature serving tolubricate the filaments to prevent abrasion.
- hydrolyzable organo-silicanes or silanes is meant'derivatives of SiH4 which contain readily hydrolyzable radicals 1 such as halogens, amino groups, alkoxy, 'aroxy, and acyloxy radicals, etc.,
- organic radicals that are joined to the silicon atoms through carbon atoms.
- organic radicals are as follows: aliphatic radicals, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, amyl, hexyl, heptyl to octadecyl and higher; alicyclic radicals such as cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl,
- aryl and alkaryl radicals such as phenyl,
- monoand poly-'alkyl phenyls as tolyl, xylyl, mesityl,-mono-, di-, and tri-ethyl phenyls, mono-, di-, and tri-propyl phenyls, etc.; naphthyl, monoand poly-alkyl naphthyls as methyl naphthyl, diethyl naphthyl, tri-propyl naphthyl, etc.; tetrahydronaphthyl, anthracyl, etc.; aralkyl such as benzyl, phenyl-ethyl, etc.; 'alkenyl such as methallyl, allyl,
- organic radicals may also, if desired, contain inor-' ganic substituents such as halogens, etc.
- polymers may in turn be further polymer 7 ized to higher polymers by suitable treatment such 7 I as by acid, alkali or air.
- suitable treatment such 7 I as by acid, alkali or air.
- the hydrolysis product and higher polymers of a mixture of organo-silicanes may be employed in accordance with my invention.
- the hydrolysis product of such a, mixture is generally akcopolymer which may contain various amounts of differently substituted organo-silicon units. All of these compounds and mixtures, namely, the silanes, their hydrolysis products and thepolysiloxanes are within the scope of my invention as useful fiber coating materials.
- the coating materials of my invention are generally applied in the form of solutions, the nature of the solvent depending upon the specific'characteristics and properties of the compound or compounds involved. Where desired in the interest of economy' and avoidance of fire hazard,
- Example B v Percent. Phenyl ethyl polysiloxane (resin) 10 Cerese wax 2 Dodecyltrichlorosilicane (lubricant) .5 Stoddard solvent 81 Toluene (originally as. solvent for resin) 4 Hydrogenated vegetable oil 2
- Example 0 f 1 Per cent Phenyl ethyl polysiloxane (resin) 5'to .15 Dimethyl pplysiloxaneiresin) 2to '7 it is possible to employ aqueous emulsions of the materials, the water evaporating after applicasuch as a pad, wick, groove, roller, or by spraying 7 or other suitable method.
- the glass fibers are The concenpassed through the coating material, or films thereof, picking up the proper amount, and producing'a flexible, coherent strand which may be easily wound into a package.
- Some of the organo-silicone compounds of oily nature may also be applied by being vaporized as by heat, and the vapors brought into contact with the glass fibers.
- the present invention is of the greatest value when employs-din the manufacture of continuous glass fibers by the mechanical attenuation of molten glass, it is applicable also to the production of glass fibers by other processes, for instance, that disclosed in the Tucker and Lannan Patent No. 2,264,345 of December 2, 1941.
- the coating material of the invention may also, if desired, be applied as an after-treatment to glass fibers and glass fiber strands and yarns regardless of how produced.
- wax or vegetable oil may be added where-it is desired to increase the binding effect or the lubricating effect at least temporarily during the forming, twisting and weaving opera- Oct'adecyltrichlorosilicane (lubricant) .2, to 1'7 Hydrogenated vegetable oil lto' 3 Stoddard solvent '70 to 90 Toluene (originally assolvent for resin)- 2 to 6
- Other resins may be used, for instance, diphenyl silicon diol, mono ethyl siloxane polymer, mono phenyl or mono ethyl siloxane polymer, mono ethyl-phenyl ethyl ,siloxane copolymers and other organo-silicon compounds that are characterized by being of a resinous nature.
- lubricants 'found suitable are dodecyl and octadecyl triethy'oxy silicane, and dilauryl 'dichlorosilicane and" dimethyl dichldrosilicane and copolymers of the same,phenyl dodecyl dichlorosilicane, diphenyl dichlorosilicane, phenyl V ethyl dlchlorosilicane, ethyl, methyl or lauryl polysiloxane, lauryl trichlorosilicane or methyl trichlorosilicane or oopolymers of the same, and other'organo-silicon compounds that are characterized by being of an oily nature and there.-
- those materials are preferred that are derivatives-of long-chain (that is, 12 or more carbon atoms) aliphatic substances. e. g., dodecyltrichlorosilicane and octadecyltrichlorosilicane.
- the emulsifying agent may be of any of those commercially available such as those sold under the trade-names, Atlas G9446-E, Aerosol O. T., Santomerse No. 3, and others.
- the resin and lubricant may be readily emulsified in the water following standard practice. As in'the preceding examples, other materials such as oil, wax and the like may be added if desired.. Also, other organo-silicon resins and other organo-silicon lubricants may be substituted for all or parts of the resin and lubricant in Example D. It has been found, however, that the ethoxy and chloride derivatives are not fully suitable for use in aqueous systems. I
- the lubricant and the resin in admixture may be applied separately as in the case where the lubricant is applied as a vapor either before or after the resin is applied.
- the fibers as they are formed may be passed through a fog or cloud of vaporized organo-silicone lubricant, e. g., dodecyltrichlorosilicane, or ethyl trichlorosilicane, and then passed over a wick or pad which wipes onto the fibers a solution or emulsion of a resinous organo-silicone such as dimethyl polysiloxane.
- organo-silicone lubricant e. g., dodecyltrichlorosilicane, or ethyl trichlorosilicane
- the coating materials either in solvents or aqueous emulsions are applied to the fibers, the solvents or water evaporate and leave a small amount of the materials on the fiber surfaces.
- the organo-silicon resin acts as a binder to cement the fibers together into an integral strand and the organo-silicon lubricant is eiiec- ,tive to prevent mutual abrasion of the fibers in the strand. Glass fiber strands and yarns thus coated have increased strength and their resistance to abrasion and flexing is improved.
- the present invention has been found to so alter the properties of yarns and fabrics that wet strength and abrasion resistance are in most cases at least as good as the strength and resistance to abrasion under dry conditions.
- the coating materials of the invention are highly effective in lowering the capillarity of strands and yarns of glass fibers. This is of particular value where the glass fiber strands are employed for electrical insulation since any entry of moisture into the interstices between fibers of the insulation tends to lower dielectric values.
- An added advantage of the present invention is that the coating materials are compatible with a large number of resins and, since they also adhere strongly to the fiber surfaces and are not adversely affected by the heat used to cure the resin, the strength of resin-glass fiber combinations such as plastic laminates is markedly bettered.
- apparatus for mechanically attenuating molten glass to the form of continuous fine glass fibers is illustrated as may be located to direct a draft of cooling air' onto the streams as they are attenuated.
- a guide I8 is arranged to group the fibers into a strand l9 and to apply coating materials to the fibers as they are grouped.
- the guide ordinarily comprises a grooved arm 2
- the coating material to be applied to the strand is fed from a container 24 through a suitable feeding tube 25.
- the guide l8 may be supported on the container by means of resilient arms 26.
- a supply of the coating material of the present invention in solution or emulsion is placed in the container 24 and is fed to the pad 22 at a controlled rate so that the desired amount of the material is wiped onto the fibers as they pass over the pad.
- the rate of feed of the solution of coating material is preferably such that after the evaporation of the solvent from the solution or the water from the emulsion, approximately 1 to 5% coating material by weight of the strand remains on the fibers. This, of course, may be varied within wide limits depending on the. use to which the strand is to be put.
- a fibrous body composed of a multiplicity of glass fibers, the fibers whereof are coated with a material of an oily nature in amounts sufilcient to lubricate and protect the fiber surfaces against mutual abrasion, and a resin distributed over the fibers in amounts suflicient to bind them together into an integral body, both said oily material and said resin containing organo-silicon compounds containing organic groups attached to silicon atoms through direct carbon linkage.
- a fibrous strand composed of a multiplicity of glass fibers, the fibers whereof are coated with a material of an oily nature in amounts sufficient to lubricate and protect the fiber surfaces against mutual abrasion, and a resin distributed over the fibers in amounts suflicient to bind them together into an integral strand, both said oily material and said resin containing organo-silicon compounds containing organic groups attached to silicon atoms through direct carbon linkage and at least one of the substituents of the material of oily nature being a long-chain aliphatic radical.
- a fibrous strand composed of a multiplicity of glass fibers, the fibers whereof are coated with a material of an oily nature in amounts sufiicient to lubricate and protect the fiber surfaces against mutual abrasion, and a resin distributed over the fibers in mounts suflicient to bind them together into an integral strand, both said oily material and said resin containing organo-silicon compounds containing organic groups attached to silicon atoms through direct carbon linkage and at least one of the organic groups of the material 7.
- a fabricated body composed of a multiplicity of glass fibers, the fibers whereof are coated with a material of an oily nature in amount suflicient to lubricate and protect the fiber surfaces against mutual abrasion, and a resin distributed over the fibers in amounts suificient to bind them together resin containing an organo-silicon compound containing organic groups attached to silicon atoms through direct carbon linkage.
- a fibrous strand composed of a multiplicity of glass fibers, the fibers whereof are coated with a material containing octadecyltrichlorosilicane in amounts sufiicient to lubricate and protect the fiber surfaces against mutual abrasion, and a resin distributed over the fibers in amounts sufficient to bindthem together into an integral body, said resin containing an organo-silicon compound containing organic groups attached to silicon atoms through direct carbon linkage.
- a textile yarn composed'of a multiplicity-of glass fibers, the fibers whereof are coated with a material of an oily nature in amounts suflicient to lubricate and protect the fiber surfaces against mutual abrasion, and a resin distributed over the fibers in amounts sufficient to bind them together into an integral body, both said oily material and said resin containing organo-silicon compounds the organic substituents of which are radicals selected from the class consisting of alkyl, aryl, alkaryl, and aralkyl' and attached to the silicon atom through direct carbon linkage.
- said oily material and said resin both being organo-silicon compounds and one being a silane and the other being a polysiloxane.
- a fabricated body composed of a multiplicity of glass fibers, the fibers whereof are coated with a material of an oily nature in amount sumcient to lubricate and protect the fiber surfaces against mutual abrasion, and a resin distributed over the fibers in amounts suflicient to bind them together into an integral body, said oily material and said resin both being silanes.
- a fabricated body composed of a multiplicity of glass fibers, the fibers whereof are coated with comprising phenyl ethyl polysiloxane and octa-V decyltrichlorosilicane.
- a glass fiber strand coated with a material comprising phenyl ethyl polysiloxane and lauryl polysiloxane As an article of manufacture, a glass fiber strand coated with a material comprising phenyl ethyl polysiloxane and lauryl polysiloxane.
Description
Jan. 15, 1946. BIEFELD 2,392,805
GLASS FIBER STRAND Filed Oct. 11, 1945 I N VEN TOR.
rfrmmeys Patented Jan. 15, 1946 2,392,805 GLASS FIBER STRAND Lawrence P. Biefeld,
Owens-Corning Fiber ration of Delaware Newark, Ohio, assignor to glas Corporation, a corpo- Application October 11, 1943, Serial No. 505,857
12 Claims.
The present invention relates to the production of fibrous glass in strand and other forms. In particular, it is concerned with the binding together and the lubricating of the individual glass fibers in textile strands, slivers and yarns.
In the production of strands of continuous glass fibers, as by the method of the Slayter and Thomas Patent No. 2,300,736, a plurality of streams of molten glass are flowed from a bushing or feederand are attenuated into fine fibers by a rotating drum onto which the fibers are wound. As they are attenuated, the fibers pass over a guide that collects them into a compactstrand and simultaneously applies binding and lubricating materials to the fibers.
The effectiveness of binder and lubricant is to a large extent determinative of the value of the finished strand, yarn or fabric. An improperly lubricated strand is subject to mutual abrasion between the fibers when the strand is flexed, and is quickly self-destroyed. Such a strand also suffers from the abrasion caused by movement through guides and over machine elements as in a loom or braider, by becoming fuzzy due to the breaking of fibers in the strand.
This lubricating effect to separate the fibers and permit their relative movement must be balanced with the directly opposed action of an adhesive binding material that is applied to the strand to hold the individual filaments together securely in the strand. The bound strand must appear as a single fine thread without loose filaments or filament ends. in the unwinding of the strand from the drum on which it was collected during the forming operation. If the strand is not well bound, filaments will separate from the strandduring unwinding and remain on the drum to intertangle with other filaments of the strand until after a, short time further unwinding becomes impossible and all of the strand remaining carded. 1
While thus securely bonding the filaments togather in the strand, it is very important that the binding material permits some relative movement of the filaments in the strand or otherwise the strand will be too brittle to be processed on ordinary textile machines.
Many of these requirements were not met by the prior glass fiber treating materials or only to a ver limited extent. Further, the prior materials were all of such a nature that they were much less permanent thanthe glass fibers and their eflect was lost after only a short while. Being of a wholly organic nature, they had little re- This is most. important on the drum must be dissistance to heat; and they displayed little aflinity for the glass fibers in the presence of water. As a result, under conditions of elevated temperature or in the presence of moisture the glass fiber strands, yarns andtfabrics treated with these prior materials had rather limited resistance to flexing and abrasion.
It is an object of the present invention to increase the strength and the resistance to flexure and abrasion of glass fiber textiles such as strands, yarns and fabrics.
It is a further object to provide a highly permanent lubricating and binding material for glass fiber textiles that has high resistance to heat and to attack by moisture, the field in which glass tion. I
In the prior glass fiber lubricating and binding materials use was made of incompatible substances such as gelatin and oil, starch and oil, etc., to furnish the binding action and the lubrication.
fiber textilesfind applica- With these types of materials the fibers are coated with oil and the gelatin or starch in water tends to collect in droplets on the oiled surface and as a result a uniform coating of binder was not 0btained. There was a tendencyto be unbonded in the strand of their lengths due binder coating.
It is an objectof the present invention to employ a lubricant and binder that are compatible and that are of arelated or similar nature, thus contributing to greater uniformity of the binder and lubricant on the fiber surfaces.
It is a further object of the invention to provide a lubricant and binder that enhance the electrical properties of the finished strands, yarns and fabrics. I
It is a further object of the present invention to provide a heat-resistant lubricant and binder that are compatible with a large number of resins. This aspect of the invention is important where for some filaments for at least parts to the non-uniformity of the the yarns, strands or fabrics are used to reinforce thereby greatly increasing tion of the materials to the fibers.
the coating of the invention to the fibers as they are grouped.
In accordance with my invention, I have discovered that the foregoing objects are realized it the individual fibers in the strand are provided with a coating comprising a combination of compounds selected from the class consisting of hydrolyzable organo-silicanes or silanes, their hydrolysis products and their polymerized hydrolysis products or polysiloxanes, that is, the organosilicon compounds which contain organic groups attached to the silicon atom through direct carbon linkage. At least one of the compounds is a resinous material effective to bind the individual filaments together in the strand, and at least one other of the compounds is a material of oily nature serving tolubricate the filaments to prevent abrasion. I
By hydrolyzable organo-silicanes or silanes is meant'derivatives of SiH4 which contain readily hydrolyzable radicals 1 such as halogens, amino groups, alkoxy, 'aroxy, and acyloxy radicals, etc.,
and organic radicals that are joined to the silicon atoms through carbon atoms. Examples of such organic radicals are as follows: aliphatic radicals, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, amyl, hexyl, heptyl to octadecyl and higher; alicyclic radicals such as cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl,
etc.; aryl and alkaryl radicals such as phenyl,
monoand poly-'alkyl phenyls as tolyl, xylyl, mesityl,-mono-, di-, and tri-ethyl phenyls, mono-, di-, and tri-propyl phenyls, etc.; naphthyl, monoand poly-alkyl naphthyls as methyl naphthyl, diethyl naphthyl, tri-propyl naphthyl, etc.; tetrahydronaphthyl, anthracyl, etc.; aralkyl such as benzyl, phenyl-ethyl, etc.; 'alkenyl such as methallyl, allyl,
etc.; and heterocyclic radicals. The above organic radicals may also, if desired, contain inor-' ganic substituents such as halogens, etc.
Hydrolysis oi the above described silicanes produces the corresponding hydrox'y silicanes (sometimes called silicols) which in certain instances may be isolated. However, in most cases, the hydroxy silicanes condense, particularly if heat is applied, toiorm polymers called polysiloxanes which contain one or more Si-O-Si groups.
These polymers may in turn be further polymer 7 ized to higher polymers by suitable treatment such 7 I as by acid, alkali or air. If desired, the hydrolysis product and higher polymers of a mixture of organo-silicanes may be employed in accordance with my invention. The hydrolysis product of such a, mixture is generally akcopolymer which may contain various amounts of differently substituted organo-silicon units. All of these compounds and mixtures, namely, the silanes, their hydrolysis products and thepolysiloxanes are within the scope of my invention as useful fiber coating materials. l
The coating materials of my invention are generally applied in the form of solutions, the nature of the solvent depending upon the specific'characteristics and properties of the compound or compounds involved. Where desired in the interest of economy' and avoidance of fire hazard,
tions.
, Example B v Percent. Phenyl ethyl polysiloxane (resin) 10 Cerese wax 2 Dodecyltrichlorosilicane (lubricant) .5 Stoddard solvent 81 Toluene (originally as. solvent for resin) 4 Hydrogenated vegetable oil 2 Example 0 f 1 Per cent Phenyl ethyl polysiloxane (resin) 5'to .15 Dimethyl pplysiloxaneiresin) 2to '7 it is possible to employ aqueous emulsions of the materials, the water evaporating after applicasuch as a pad, wick, groove, roller, or by spraying 7 or other suitable method. The glass fibers are The concenpassed through the coating material, or films thereof, picking up the proper amount, and producing'a flexible, coherent strand which may be easily wound into a package. Some of the organo-silicone compounds of oily nature may also be applied by being vaporized as by heat, and the vapors brought into contact with the glass fibers.
Although the present invention is of the greatest value when employs-din the manufacture of continuous glass fibers by the mechanical attenuation of molten glass, it is applicable also to the production of glass fibers by other processes, for instance, that disclosed in the Tucker and Lannan Patent No. 2,264,345 of December 2, 1941. The coating material of the invention may also, if desired, be applied as an after-treatment to glass fibers and glass fiber strands and yarns regardless of how produced.
The following examples of coating materials,
representing specific embodiments of the present invention, have been found satisfactory.
Example A Per cent Phenyl ethyl polysiloxane (resin) 5 to 15 Dodecyltrichlorosilicane (lubricant) .01 to 1 Stoddard solvent to The dodecyltrichlorosilicane may be replaced in whole or in part with other organo-silicon derivatives that are of an oily nature, such as long-chain organo silicates, e. g., lauryl silicate, and a high flash coal tar solvent may be employed in place of the Stoddard solvent. Also, other substances may be added in small amounts. For instance, 2 to 10% of wax or vegetable oil may be added where-it is desired to increase the binding effect or the lubricating effect at least temporarily during the forming, twisting and weaving opera- Oct'adecyltrichlorosilicane (lubricant) .2, to 1'7 Hydrogenated vegetable oil lto' 3 Stoddard solvent '70 to 90 Toluene (originally assolvent for resin)- 2 to 6 Other resins may be used, for instance, diphenyl silicon diol, mono ethyl siloxane polymer, mono phenyl or mono ethyl siloxane polymer, mono ethyl-phenyl ethyl ,siloxane copolymers and other organo-silicon compounds that are characterized by being of a resinous nature.
Other lubricants 'found suitable are dodecyl and octadecyl triethy'oxy silicane, and dilauryl 'dichlorosilicane and" dimethyl dichldrosilicane and copolymers of the same,phenyl dodecyl dichlorosilicane, diphenyl dichlorosilicane, phenyl V ethyl dlchlorosilicane, ethyl, methyl or lauryl polysiloxane, lauryl trichlorosilicane or methyl trichlorosilicane or oopolymers of the same, and other'organo-silicon compounds that are characterized by being of an oily nature and there.-
, fore efie'ctive to lubricate the glass film surfaces.
However, those materials are preferred that are derivatives-of long-chain (that is, 12 or more carbon atoms) aliphatic substances. e. g., dodecyltrichlorosilicane and octadecyltrichlorosilicane.
Instead of the compositions of Examples A, B and C, it is sometimes preferable, as in cases where the use of solvents is precluded by cost or other considerations, to employ aqueous systems in which the resin and lubricant are in emulsion form. The following example illustrates this.
Water 83.5 to 94.8
The emulsifying agent may be of any of those commercially available such as those sold under the trade-names, Atlas G9446-E, Aerosol O. T., Santomerse No. 3, and others. The resin and lubricant may be readily emulsified in the water following standard practice. As in'the preceding examples, other materials such as oil, wax and the like may be added if desired.. Also, other organo-silicon resins and other organo-silicon lubricants may be substituted for all or parts of the resin and lubricant in Example D. It has been found, however, that the ethoxy and chloride derivatives are not fully suitable for use in aqueous systems. I
Although it is preferable to apply the lubricant and the resin in admixture to the fibers, they may be applied separately as in the case where the lubricant is applied as a vapor either before or after the resin is applied. Thus, the fibers as they are formed may be passed through a fog or cloud of vaporized organo-silicone lubricant, e. g., dodecyltrichlorosilicane, or ethyl trichlorosilicane, and then passed over a wick or pad which wipes onto the fibers a solution or emulsion of a resinous organo-silicone such as dimethyl polysiloxane.
After the coating materials either in solvents or aqueous emulsions are applied to the fibers, the solvents or water evaporate and leave a small amount of the materials on the fiber surfaces. The organo-silicon resin acts as a binder to cement the fibers together into an integral strand and the organo-silicon lubricant is eiiec- ,tive to prevent mutual abrasion of the fibers in the strand. Glass fiber strands and yarns thus coated have increased strength and their resistance to abrasion and flexing is improved.
This affect on strength and abrasion resistance is especially salutary in the case of glass fibers subjected to moisture as by use at high relative humidity. Whereas previously both strength and abrasion resistance were seriously lowered by the presence of moisture, the present invention has been found to so alter the properties of yarns and fabrics that wet strength and abrasion resistance are in most cases at least as good as the strength and resistance to abrasion under dry conditions. Also, the coating materials of the invention are highly effective in lowering the capillarity of strands and yarns of glass fibers. This is of particular value where the glass fiber strands are employed for electrical insulation since any entry of moisture into the interstices between fibers of the insulation tends to lower dielectric values.
An added advantage of the present invention is that the coating materials are compatible with a large number of resins and, since they also adhere strongly to the fiber surfaces and are not adversely affected by the heat used to cure the resin, the strength of resin-glass fiber combinations such as plastic laminates is markedly bettered.
Referring to the drawing, apparatus for mechanically attenuating molten glass to the form of continuous fine glass fibers is illustrated as may be located to direct a draft of cooling air' onto the streams as they are attenuated.
Intermediate the bushing and the winding spindle a guide I8 is arranged to group the fibers into a strand l9 and to apply coating materials to the fibers as they are grouped. The guide ordinarily comprises a grooved arm 2| covered with a felt pad 22 onto which the coating material is flowed and which wipes the coating material onto the fibers as they are drawn over the pad.
The coating material to be applied to the strand is fed from a container 24 through a suitable feeding tube 25. As shown in the drawing, the guide l8 may be supported on the container by means of resilient arms 26.
A supply of the coating material of the present invention in solution or emulsion is placed in the container 24 and is fed to the pad 22 at a controlled rate so that the desired amount of the material is wiped onto the fibers as they pass over the pad. The rate of feed of the solution of coating material is preferably such that after the evaporation of the solvent from the solution or the water from the emulsion, approximately 1 to 5% coating material by weight of the strand remains on the fibers. This, of course, may be varied within wide limits depending on the. use to which the strand is to be put.
Various modifications may be made within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
I claim:
1 A fibrous body composed of a multiplicity of glass fibers, the fibers whereof are coated with a material of an oily nature in amounts sufilcient to lubricate and protect the fiber surfaces against mutual abrasion, and a resin distributed over the fibers in amounts suflicient to bind them together into an integral body, both said oily material and said resin containing organo-silicon compounds containing organic groups attached to silicon atoms through direct carbon linkage.
2. A fibrous strand composed of a multiplicity of glass fibers, the fibers whereof are coated with a material of an oily nature in amounts sufficient to lubricate and protect the fiber surfaces against mutual abrasion, and a resin distributed over the fibers in amounts suflicient to bind them together into an integral strand, both said oily material and said resin containing organo-silicon compounds containing organic groups attached to silicon atoms through direct carbon linkage and at least one of the substituents of the material of oily nature being a long-chain aliphatic radical.
3. A fibrous strand composed of a multiplicity of glass fibers, the fibers whereof are coated with a material of an oily nature in amounts sufiicient to lubricate and protect the fiber surfaces against mutual abrasion, and a resin distributed over the fibers in mounts suflicient to bind them together into an integral strand, both said oily material and said resin containing organo-silicon compounds containing organic groups attached to silicon atoms through direct carbon linkage and at least one of the organic groups of the material 7. A fabricated body composed of a multiplicity of glass fibers, the fibers whereof are coated with a material of an oily nature in amount suflicient to lubricate and protect the fiber surfaces against mutual abrasion, and a resin distributed over the fibers in amounts suificient to bind them together resin containing an organo-silicon compound containing organic groups attached to silicon atoms through direct carbon linkage.
5. A fibrous strand composed of a multiplicity of glass fibers, the fibers whereof are coated with a material containing octadecyltrichlorosilicane in amounts sufiicient to lubricate and protect the fiber surfaces against mutual abrasion, and a resin distributed over the fibers in amounts sufficient to bindthem together into an integral body, said resin containing an organo-silicon compound containing organic groups attached to silicon atoms through direct carbon linkage.
6. A textile yarn composed'of a multiplicity-of glass fibers, the fibers whereof are coated with a material of an oily nature in amounts suflicient to lubricate and protect the fiber surfaces against mutual abrasion, and a resin distributed over the fibers in amounts sufficient to bind them together into an integral body, both said oily material and said resin containing organo-silicon compounds the organic substituents of which are radicals selected from the class consisting of alkyl, aryl, alkaryl, and aralkyl' and attached to the silicon atom through direct carbon linkage.
into an integral body, said oily material and said resin both being organo-silicon compounds and one being a silane and the other being a polysiloxane.
8. A fabricated body composed of a multiplicity of glass fibers, the fibers whereof are coated with a material of an oily nature in amount sumcient to lubricate and protect the fiber surfaces against mutual abrasion, and a resin distributed over the fibers in amounts suflicient to bind them together into an integral body, said oily material and said resin both being silanes.
9. A fabricated body composed of a multiplicity of glass fibers, the fibers whereof are coated with comprising phenyl ethyl polysiloxane and octa-V decyltrichlorosilicane.
l2.v As an article of manufacture, a glass fiber strand coated with a material comprising phenyl ethyl polysiloxane and lauryl polysiloxane.
LAWRENCE P. BIEFELD.
Priority Applications (6)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US505857A US2392805A (en) | 1943-10-11 | 1943-10-11 | Glass fiber strand |
GB25630/44A GB586908A (en) | 1943-10-11 | 1944-12-21 | Improvements in the production of fibrous glass in strand and other forms |
FR925211D FR925211A (en) | 1943-10-11 | 1946-04-04 | Glass fiber processing |
BE464555D BE464555A (en) | 1943-10-11 | 1946-04-13 | |
CH259385D CH259385A (en) | 1943-10-11 | 1946-04-18 | Coating for glass fibers. |
ES174341A ES174341A1 (en) | 1943-10-11 | 1946-07-17 | PROCEDURE FOR THE TREATMENT OF GLASS FIBERS |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US505857A US2392805A (en) | 1943-10-11 | 1943-10-11 | Glass fiber strand |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US2392805A true US2392805A (en) | 1946-01-15 |
Family
ID=24012155
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US505857A Expired - Lifetime US2392805A (en) | 1943-10-11 | 1943-10-11 | Glass fiber strand |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US2392805A (en) |
BE (1) | BE464555A (en) |
CH (1) | CH259385A (en) |
ES (1) | ES174341A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR925211A (en) |
GB (1) | GB586908A (en) |
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US2445572A (en) * | 1946-07-08 | 1948-07-20 | Dow Chemical Co | Drying photographic prints |
US2482888A (en) * | 1946-06-21 | 1949-09-27 | Du Pont | Organic silicon compounds for dewebbing elastomer latices |
US2563288A (en) * | 1945-11-13 | 1951-08-07 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Fibrous glass product and method of making the same |
US2567804A (en) * | 1945-12-03 | 1951-09-11 | Goodrich Co B F | Means for preventing the accumulation of ice on aircraft surfaces and the like |
US2571692A (en) * | 1944-03-11 | 1951-10-16 | Libbey Owens Ford Glass Co | Fishing rod |
US2571717A (en) * | 1946-02-16 | 1951-10-16 | Libbey Owens Ford Glass Co | Shaft for fishing rods |
US2577936A (en) * | 1949-05-07 | 1951-12-11 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Colored glass fiber product and method for making same |
US2584413A (en) * | 1952-02-05 | Cleaning and polishing composition | ||
US2584763A (en) * | 1949-06-01 | 1952-02-05 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Colored glass fiber products and method of producing them |
US2588366A (en) * | 1950-03-09 | 1952-03-11 | Dow Corning | Method of rendering fabrics waterrepellent and composition therefor |
US2588365A (en) * | 1949-11-10 | 1952-03-11 | Dow Corning | Method of rendering fabrics waterrepellent and product resulting therefrom |
US2590493A (en) * | 1946-10-30 | 1952-03-25 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Flexible siliceous sheet material, process of making, and composition therefor |
US2593818A (en) * | 1949-06-01 | 1952-04-22 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Colored glass fiber product and method of producing the same |
US2597614A (en) * | 1947-02-06 | 1952-05-20 | Harris Res Lab | Method of rendering organic textile material water repellent and composition therefor |
US2602766A (en) * | 1948-04-10 | 1952-07-08 | Richard J Francis | Reinforced plastic rods and methods of making same |
US2604688A (en) * | 1947-08-01 | 1952-07-29 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Water-repellent glass fiber fabric |
US2608499A (en) * | 1946-09-12 | 1952-08-26 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Heat treated glass fabric |
US2626870A (en) * | 1949-12-05 | 1953-01-27 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Wax and silicone oil auto polish |
US2635060A (en) * | 1946-01-25 | 1953-04-14 | Greenebaum Tanning Co J | Water-resistant leather and process for producing same |
US2635059A (en) * | 1948-10-26 | 1953-04-14 | Edwin L Gustus | Resin-impregnated water-resistant leather |
US2649396A (en) * | 1949-03-17 | 1953-08-18 | Ralph K Witt | Method of producing a bonded structure |
US2654681A (en) * | 1950-01-27 | 1953-10-06 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Magnetic recording tape |
US2664375A (en) * | 1947-03-06 | 1953-12-29 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Method for producing an open mesh fabric of glass fibers |
US2676893A (en) * | 1951-04-21 | 1954-04-27 | Johnson & Son Inc S C | Wood-coating composition |
US2681859A (en) * | 1954-06-22 | Liquid polishing composition | ||
US2683097A (en) * | 1951-04-17 | 1954-07-06 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Coating glass fibers with unsaturated polysiloxanolate and article produced thereby |
US2688006A (en) * | 1952-01-07 | 1954-08-31 | Libbey Owens Ford Glass Co | Composition and process for improving the adhesion of resins to glass fibers utilizing hydrolyzed vinyl alkoxy silane |
US2698504A (en) * | 1949-12-21 | 1955-01-04 | Harvel Res Corp | Novel glass fabric buffer wheel |
US2703775A (en) * | 1952-02-01 | 1955-03-08 | Connecticut Hard Rubber Co | Bonded silicone rubber products and method of making same |
US2710275A (en) * | 1951-05-01 | 1955-06-07 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Method of bulking glass fiber strands |
US2712509A (en) * | 1951-08-17 | 1955-07-05 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Glass fiber filament strand and method of manufacturing glass fabric |
US2723215A (en) * | 1950-05-31 | 1955-11-08 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Glass fiber product and method of making same |
US2725312A (en) * | 1951-12-28 | 1955-11-29 | Erie Resistor Corp | Synthetic resin insulated electric circuit element |
US2728972A (en) * | 1951-04-10 | 1956-01-03 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Method and apparatus for coating fibers |
US2729028A (en) * | 1950-11-22 | 1956-01-03 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Method and apparatus for simultaneously attenuating and severing glass fibers |
US2731367A (en) * | 1951-12-20 | 1956-01-17 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Sized and anti-static coated synthetic fiber and process of coating |
US2733592A (en) * | 1956-02-07 | Ceramic tile | ||
US2744563A (en) * | 1953-03-02 | 1956-05-08 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Coating device for strands |
US2750947A (en) * | 1952-04-30 | 1956-06-19 | Northwestern Res Corp | Hair treating composition and method of use for setting |
US2778764A (en) * | 1951-09-13 | 1957-01-22 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Method of sizing glass fibers to form strands |
US2782790A (en) * | 1952-05-24 | 1957-02-26 | Hersh | Hair treating composition and methods for use of same |
US2793130A (en) * | 1953-07-29 | 1957-05-21 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Pressure molded cement products and methods for producing same |
US2799598A (en) * | 1951-08-17 | 1957-07-16 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Process of forming coated twisted yarns and woven fabrics and resultant article |
US2801189A (en) * | 1952-10-08 | 1957-07-30 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Glass fiber article and process of plural coated fiber and process of preparation |
US2807557A (en) * | 1951-04-16 | 1957-09-24 | Clifford R Carney | Method of treating furs |
US2812263A (en) * | 1949-03-10 | 1957-11-05 | Johnson & Son Inc S C | Polish |
US2827099A (en) * | 1955-07-08 | 1958-03-18 | Dow Corning | Siloxane rubber glass cord tire |
US2835221A (en) * | 1953-05-28 | 1958-05-20 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Apparatus for coating fibrous glass with molten metal |
US2839158A (en) * | 1955-12-20 | 1958-06-17 | Metals Disintegrating Co | Filter medium for dust filters |
US2839482A (en) * | 1954-02-25 | 1958-06-17 | Johnson & Son Inc S C | Wax-silicone-resin polish |
US2873718A (en) * | 1955-06-15 | 1959-02-17 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Apparatus for coating continuously produced filaments |
US2891923A (en) * | 1954-03-01 | 1959-06-23 | Calvin White H | Silicone supplemented fillers and rubbers, and methods for their manufacture |
US2910383A (en) * | 1957-06-03 | 1959-10-27 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Method for producing filamentary material |
US2934458A (en) * | 1953-05-21 | 1960-04-26 | Goodrich Co B F | Method for coating filaments of glass |
US2946181A (en) * | 1958-01-03 | 1960-07-26 | Const Mecaniques De Stains Soc | Production of twistless yarns by direct spinning to tow, sizing the tow, false twisting and winding |
US2951780A (en) * | 1955-10-19 | 1960-09-06 | Gen Am Transport | Methods of making decorative glass fiber reinforced resin bodies |
US2960723A (en) * | 1953-07-15 | 1960-11-22 | Stark Howard John | Glass fiber forming machine |
US2961821A (en) * | 1956-12-07 | 1960-11-29 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Apparatus for manufacturing bonded fibrous glass slivers |
DE1103815B (en) * | 1958-10-14 | 1961-03-30 | Acieries De Gennevilliers Sa | Suspension cables, in particular for carrying and holding electrical overhead lines |
US2980956A (en) * | 1953-12-21 | 1961-04-25 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Metal applicators for glass filaments |
US2991196A (en) * | 1950-12-12 | 1961-07-04 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Sized glass fiber products |
US3040413A (en) * | 1957-04-09 | 1962-06-26 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Glass fiber yarns and compositions for use in the manufacture of same |
US3042544A (en) * | 1954-12-17 | 1962-07-03 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Yarns of staple glass fibers and compositions and methods for manufacturing same |
US3060549A (en) * | 1958-12-03 | 1962-10-30 | Stevens & Co Inc J P | Method of producing multi-colored glass fiber fabrics |
US3066383A (en) * | 1957-02-14 | 1962-12-04 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Finish for staple glass fibers and yarns manufactured thereof |
US3084070A (en) * | 1958-09-02 | 1963-04-02 | Dow Chemical Co | Warp size comprising high molecular weight styrene/maleic anhydride copolymer |
US3107986A (en) * | 1956-11-28 | 1963-10-22 | Ici Ltd | Fibre filters for the removal of fine mists |
US3135592A (en) * | 1958-02-25 | 1964-06-02 | Ici Ltd | Treatment of gases with a liquidwashed filter |
US3192089A (en) * | 1962-03-19 | 1965-06-29 | Dow Corning | Compositions for sizing siliceous fibers and process |
US3262809A (en) * | 1962-06-29 | 1966-07-26 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Size composition for glass, and treated glass structures and method for manufacturing same |
US3308616A (en) * | 1965-03-08 | 1967-03-14 | Du Pont | Sewing thread |
US3391052A (en) * | 1964-10-26 | 1968-07-02 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Glass fibers treated for combination with elastomeric materials and method |
US4035550A (en) * | 1974-12-23 | 1977-07-12 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Fiber reinforced composite of high fracture toughness |
US4837117A (en) * | 1986-12-16 | 1989-06-06 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Composites of stretch broken aligned fibers of carbon and glass reinforced resin |
US4856147A (en) * | 1986-12-16 | 1989-08-15 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Composites of stretch broken aligned fibers of carbon and glass reinforced resin |
US4863780A (en) * | 1986-12-16 | 1989-09-05 | Armiger Thomas E | Composites of stretch broken aligned fibers of carbon and glass reinforced resin |
WO1998041485A1 (en) * | 1997-03-14 | 1998-09-24 | Owens Corning | Apparatus for applying a sizing composition to glass fibers |
US20050042447A1 (en) * | 2001-12-28 | 2005-02-24 | Chavanoz Industrie | Composite yarn, method for obtaining same and resulting textile structure |
US20100089017A1 (en) * | 2001-12-28 | 2010-04-15 | Chavanoz Industrie | Composite yarn, method for obtaining same and resulting textile structure |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE900018C (en) * | 1952-08-07 | 1953-12-17 | Goldschmidt Ag Th | Process for the preparation of aqueous emulsions of polysiloxanes |
US2920981A (en) * | 1954-03-30 | 1960-01-12 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Metal coated fibers and treatments therefor |
-
1943
- 1943-10-11 US US505857A patent/US2392805A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1944
- 1944-12-21 GB GB25630/44A patent/GB586908A/en not_active Expired
-
1946
- 1946-04-04 FR FR925211D patent/FR925211A/en not_active Expired
- 1946-04-13 BE BE464555D patent/BE464555A/fr unknown
- 1946-04-18 CH CH259385D patent/CH259385A/en unknown
- 1946-07-17 ES ES174341A patent/ES174341A1/en not_active Expired
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US2733592A (en) * | 1956-02-07 | Ceramic tile | ||
US2681859A (en) * | 1954-06-22 | Liquid polishing composition | ||
US2584413A (en) * | 1952-02-05 | Cleaning and polishing composition | ||
US2571692A (en) * | 1944-03-11 | 1951-10-16 | Libbey Owens Ford Glass Co | Fishing rod |
US2563288A (en) * | 1945-11-13 | 1951-08-07 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Fibrous glass product and method of making the same |
US2567804A (en) * | 1945-12-03 | 1951-09-11 | Goodrich Co B F | Means for preventing the accumulation of ice on aircraft surfaces and the like |
US2635060A (en) * | 1946-01-25 | 1953-04-14 | Greenebaum Tanning Co J | Water-resistant leather and process for producing same |
US2571717A (en) * | 1946-02-16 | 1951-10-16 | Libbey Owens Ford Glass Co | Shaft for fishing rods |
US2482888A (en) * | 1946-06-21 | 1949-09-27 | Du Pont | Organic silicon compounds for dewebbing elastomer latices |
US2445572A (en) * | 1946-07-08 | 1948-07-20 | Dow Chemical Co | Drying photographic prints |
US2608499A (en) * | 1946-09-12 | 1952-08-26 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Heat treated glass fabric |
US2590493A (en) * | 1946-10-30 | 1952-03-25 | Westinghouse Electric Corp | Flexible siliceous sheet material, process of making, and composition therefor |
US2597614A (en) * | 1947-02-06 | 1952-05-20 | Harris Res Lab | Method of rendering organic textile material water repellent and composition therefor |
US2664375A (en) * | 1947-03-06 | 1953-12-29 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Method for producing an open mesh fabric of glass fibers |
US2604688A (en) * | 1947-08-01 | 1952-07-29 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Water-repellent glass fiber fabric |
US2602766A (en) * | 1948-04-10 | 1952-07-08 | Richard J Francis | Reinforced plastic rods and methods of making same |
US2635059A (en) * | 1948-10-26 | 1953-04-14 | Edwin L Gustus | Resin-impregnated water-resistant leather |
US2812263A (en) * | 1949-03-10 | 1957-11-05 | Johnson & Son Inc S C | Polish |
US2649396A (en) * | 1949-03-17 | 1953-08-18 | Ralph K Witt | Method of producing a bonded structure |
US2577936A (en) * | 1949-05-07 | 1951-12-11 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Colored glass fiber product and method for making same |
US2593818A (en) * | 1949-06-01 | 1952-04-22 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Colored glass fiber product and method of producing the same |
US2584763A (en) * | 1949-06-01 | 1952-02-05 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Colored glass fiber products and method of producing them |
US2588365A (en) * | 1949-11-10 | 1952-03-11 | Dow Corning | Method of rendering fabrics waterrepellent and product resulting therefrom |
US2626870A (en) * | 1949-12-05 | 1953-01-27 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Wax and silicone oil auto polish |
US2698504A (en) * | 1949-12-21 | 1955-01-04 | Harvel Res Corp | Novel glass fabric buffer wheel |
US2654681A (en) * | 1950-01-27 | 1953-10-06 | Minnesota Mining & Mfg | Magnetic recording tape |
US2588366A (en) * | 1950-03-09 | 1952-03-11 | Dow Corning | Method of rendering fabrics waterrepellent and composition therefor |
US2723215A (en) * | 1950-05-31 | 1955-11-08 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Glass fiber product and method of making same |
US2729028A (en) * | 1950-11-22 | 1956-01-03 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Method and apparatus for simultaneously attenuating and severing glass fibers |
US2991196A (en) * | 1950-12-12 | 1961-07-04 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Sized glass fiber products |
US2728972A (en) * | 1951-04-10 | 1956-01-03 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Method and apparatus for coating fibers |
US2807557A (en) * | 1951-04-16 | 1957-09-24 | Clifford R Carney | Method of treating furs |
US2683097A (en) * | 1951-04-17 | 1954-07-06 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Coating glass fibers with unsaturated polysiloxanolate and article produced thereby |
US2676893A (en) * | 1951-04-21 | 1954-04-27 | Johnson & Son Inc S C | Wood-coating composition |
US2710275A (en) * | 1951-05-01 | 1955-06-07 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Method of bulking glass fiber strands |
US2712509A (en) * | 1951-08-17 | 1955-07-05 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Glass fiber filament strand and method of manufacturing glass fabric |
US2799598A (en) * | 1951-08-17 | 1957-07-16 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Process of forming coated twisted yarns and woven fabrics and resultant article |
US2778764A (en) * | 1951-09-13 | 1957-01-22 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Method of sizing glass fibers to form strands |
US2731367A (en) * | 1951-12-20 | 1956-01-17 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Sized and anti-static coated synthetic fiber and process of coating |
US2725312A (en) * | 1951-12-28 | 1955-11-29 | Erie Resistor Corp | Synthetic resin insulated electric circuit element |
US2688006A (en) * | 1952-01-07 | 1954-08-31 | Libbey Owens Ford Glass Co | Composition and process for improving the adhesion of resins to glass fibers utilizing hydrolyzed vinyl alkoxy silane |
US2703775A (en) * | 1952-02-01 | 1955-03-08 | Connecticut Hard Rubber Co | Bonded silicone rubber products and method of making same |
US2750947A (en) * | 1952-04-30 | 1956-06-19 | Northwestern Res Corp | Hair treating composition and method of use for setting |
US2782790A (en) * | 1952-05-24 | 1957-02-26 | Hersh | Hair treating composition and methods for use of same |
US2801189A (en) * | 1952-10-08 | 1957-07-30 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Glass fiber article and process of plural coated fiber and process of preparation |
US2744563A (en) * | 1953-03-02 | 1956-05-08 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Coating device for strands |
US2934458A (en) * | 1953-05-21 | 1960-04-26 | Goodrich Co B F | Method for coating filaments of glass |
US2835221A (en) * | 1953-05-28 | 1958-05-20 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Apparatus for coating fibrous glass with molten metal |
US2960723A (en) * | 1953-07-15 | 1960-11-22 | Stark Howard John | Glass fiber forming machine |
US2793130A (en) * | 1953-07-29 | 1957-05-21 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Pressure molded cement products and methods for producing same |
US2980956A (en) * | 1953-12-21 | 1961-04-25 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Metal applicators for glass filaments |
US2839482A (en) * | 1954-02-25 | 1958-06-17 | Johnson & Son Inc S C | Wax-silicone-resin polish |
US2891923A (en) * | 1954-03-01 | 1959-06-23 | Calvin White H | Silicone supplemented fillers and rubbers, and methods for their manufacture |
US3042544A (en) * | 1954-12-17 | 1962-07-03 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Yarns of staple glass fibers and compositions and methods for manufacturing same |
US2873718A (en) * | 1955-06-15 | 1959-02-17 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Apparatus for coating continuously produced filaments |
US2827099A (en) * | 1955-07-08 | 1958-03-18 | Dow Corning | Siloxane rubber glass cord tire |
US2951780A (en) * | 1955-10-19 | 1960-09-06 | Gen Am Transport | Methods of making decorative glass fiber reinforced resin bodies |
US2839158A (en) * | 1955-12-20 | 1958-06-17 | Metals Disintegrating Co | Filter medium for dust filters |
US3107986A (en) * | 1956-11-28 | 1963-10-22 | Ici Ltd | Fibre filters for the removal of fine mists |
US2961821A (en) * | 1956-12-07 | 1960-11-29 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Apparatus for manufacturing bonded fibrous glass slivers |
US3066383A (en) * | 1957-02-14 | 1962-12-04 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Finish for staple glass fibers and yarns manufactured thereof |
US3040413A (en) * | 1957-04-09 | 1962-06-26 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Glass fiber yarns and compositions for use in the manufacture of same |
US2910383A (en) * | 1957-06-03 | 1959-10-27 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Method for producing filamentary material |
US2946181A (en) * | 1958-01-03 | 1960-07-26 | Const Mecaniques De Stains Soc | Production of twistless yarns by direct spinning to tow, sizing the tow, false twisting and winding |
US3135592A (en) * | 1958-02-25 | 1964-06-02 | Ici Ltd | Treatment of gases with a liquidwashed filter |
US3084070A (en) * | 1958-09-02 | 1963-04-02 | Dow Chemical Co | Warp size comprising high molecular weight styrene/maleic anhydride copolymer |
DE1103815B (en) * | 1958-10-14 | 1961-03-30 | Acieries De Gennevilliers Sa | Suspension cables, in particular for carrying and holding electrical overhead lines |
US3060549A (en) * | 1958-12-03 | 1962-10-30 | Stevens & Co Inc J P | Method of producing multi-colored glass fiber fabrics |
US3192089A (en) * | 1962-03-19 | 1965-06-29 | Dow Corning | Compositions for sizing siliceous fibers and process |
US3262809A (en) * | 1962-06-29 | 1966-07-26 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Size composition for glass, and treated glass structures and method for manufacturing same |
US3391052A (en) * | 1964-10-26 | 1968-07-02 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Glass fibers treated for combination with elastomeric materials and method |
US3308616A (en) * | 1965-03-08 | 1967-03-14 | Du Pont | Sewing thread |
US4035550A (en) * | 1974-12-23 | 1977-07-12 | Massachusetts Institute Of Technology | Fiber reinforced composite of high fracture toughness |
US4837117A (en) * | 1986-12-16 | 1989-06-06 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Composites of stretch broken aligned fibers of carbon and glass reinforced resin |
US4856147A (en) * | 1986-12-16 | 1989-08-15 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Composites of stretch broken aligned fibers of carbon and glass reinforced resin |
US4863780A (en) * | 1986-12-16 | 1989-09-05 | Armiger Thomas E | Composites of stretch broken aligned fibers of carbon and glass reinforced resin |
WO1998041485A1 (en) * | 1997-03-14 | 1998-09-24 | Owens Corning | Apparatus for applying a sizing composition to glass fibers |
US5961685A (en) * | 1997-03-14 | 1999-10-05 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Technology, Inc. | Apparatus for applying a generally uniform sizing composition to glass fibers |
US20050042447A1 (en) * | 2001-12-28 | 2005-02-24 | Chavanoz Industrie | Composite yarn, method for obtaining same and resulting textile structure |
US20100089017A1 (en) * | 2001-12-28 | 2010-04-15 | Chavanoz Industrie | Composite yarn, method for obtaining same and resulting textile structure |
US9045845B2 (en) | 2001-12-28 | 2015-06-02 | Chavanoz Industrie | Composite yarn, method for obtaining same and resulting textile structure |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
GB586908A (en) | 1947-04-03 |
FR925211A (en) | 1947-08-28 |
BE464555A (en) | 1946-10-13 |
CH259385A (en) | 1949-01-31 |
ES174341A1 (en) | 1946-09-01 |
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