US2392200A - Centrifugal compressor - Google Patents

Centrifugal compressor Download PDF

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Publication number
US2392200A
US2392200A US565201A US56520144A US2392200A US 2392200 A US2392200 A US 2392200A US 565201 A US565201 A US 565201A US 56520144 A US56520144 A US 56520144A US 2392200 A US2392200 A US 2392200A
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Prior art keywords
vanes
stationary
diffuser
passages
wedge
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Expired - Lifetime
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US565201A
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Wendell S Thompson
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General Electric Co
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General Electric Co
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Priority to US565201A priority Critical patent/US2392200A/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
    • F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
    • F04D29/42—Casings; Connections of working fluid for radial or helico-centrifugal pumps
    • F04D29/44—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers
    • F04D29/46—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers adjustable
    • F04D29/462—Fluid-guiding means, e.g. diffusers adjustable especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2250/00—Geometry
    • F05D2250/50—Inlet or outlet
    • F05D2250/52—Outlet

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to centrifugal compressors with variable diffusers for operation within a wide range of load or capacity as is required in connection with the supercharging of aircraft engines and cabins.
  • the Object of my invention is to provide animproved construction of centrifugal superchargers
  • This diffuser means surrounds concentrically the impeller B and in the present example is located substantially in the discharge scroll 5. More specifically, the diffuser comprises two axially spaced side walls or rings 'IB and II.
  • the wall Ill is seated on shoulders formed by the casing half 5 and secured thereto by circumferentially spaced screws It.
  • the wall or ring H is seated on a shoulder formed by the casing hall 2 and secured thereto by circumferentially spaced bolts or screws l3.
  • a set of circumferentially spaced, curved difiuser vanes M is located between the side walls or rings Ill and H.
  • the set of vanes 14 is integrally formed with the wall i l. Adjacent vanes It form diffuser passages between them, which passages increase gradually in cross-sectional area from the radiallyv inner ends ,or inlets toward the radially outer ends or outlets.
  • each vane is in the form of a wedge-shaped member having a comparatively thin inner portion-tapering gradually thick outer portion.
  • Each Wedge or wedge-shaped member 55 forms a tongue and groove connection with the walls it, ii.
  • each wedge 65 is provided on opposite edges with tongues it slidably projecting into curved openings ll and grooves it formed in the side walls Hi, i i, respectively.
  • Each wedge forms with adjacent, stationary vanes iii a pair of diffuser passages i9, 20, Fig. 2.
  • the width of the dififuser passages i9, 28, more particularly the throat area thereof, is a minimum when the wedges or adjustable vanes 55 are moved into their inner end position, and the throat area be come maximum as the wedges iii are moved into their radially outer end positions. The end positions are determined by engagement between the ends of the tongues it with the corresponding ends of the openings ii and grooves it.
  • the arrangement according to my invention includes means for adjusting or positioning the adjustable diffuser vanes or wedges along the center liens or how lines between the stationary vanes M.
  • This adjusting or positioning means comprises a ring 2! with a plurality of circumierentially spaced radial openings or slots 22 each for receiving a pin 23 projecting axially- Iroma tongue 58 of each wedge If).
  • the ring 2! has a toothed portion with a pinion 25.
  • the latter is secured to a shaft 25 rotatably supported on the casing half l. During operation, rotation of the shaft 28 causes turning movement of the pinion 25' which in turn effects angular displacement or movement of the ring 2!.
  • Difluser arrangement for centrifugal compressors comprising a ring with a plurality of circumferentially spaced stationary vanes, a
  • variable diffuser for conducting compressed medium discharged from the impeller into the scroll, said difiuser comprising axially spaced side walls supported on the casing, a set of circumferentially spaced stationary vanes held on the side walls and a set of circumferentially spaced adjustable wedge-shaped vanes each centrally located between a pair of stationary vanes, and means for moving the adjustable vanes alongv the center lines'.between the stationary vanes.
  • Difluser arrangement for centrifugal compressors comprising a pair oi axially spaced rings, a set of circumferentially spaced curved stationary vanes located between the rings and secured to one of them, and a set of adjustable vanes located between the stationary vanes and dividing the passages between the stationary stationary vanes and forming tongue and groove connections with the ring, and means for moving the adjustable vanes along the center lines I between adjacent stationary vanes to vary the flow area of the passages formedbetween the vanes; a
  • Difluser arrangement for centrifugal compressors comprising a pair of axially spaced rin s. a set of stationary circumferentially spaced curved vanes secured to the rings and forming diffuser passages therewith and a set of adjustable circumierentially spaced curved wedge-shaped vanes interspersed between the stationary vanes and subdividing the diifus'er passages formed thereby, each stationary vane having curved tongues on opposite edge portions located in grooves in the rings between stationary vanes, and means for moving the ad-' justable vanes along the grooves to vary the diffuser passagesformed between them and the stationary vanes, said means comprising axially extending pins secured to the. tongues, a ring having circumierentially spaced substantially radial slots for receiving the respective pins and gear means for angularly positioning said last named ring.
  • Difluser arrangement for centrifugal compressors comprising a pair of axially spaced annular'walls, a pair of stationary circumferentially spaced vanes supported between said walls and cooperating therewith to form a diilusing passage, a tapered control member located within the diffusing passage, and means for adjustin the member substantially along the center line of the passage to vary the eflective area thereof.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)

Description

Jan. 1, 1946. w. s. THOMPSON CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSOR Filed Nov. 27, 1944 lfivefitorz VencleLL S.Thomps01"n,- by '4 I Hi Attorney.
. halves i, 2.
Patented Jan. 1, 1946 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CENTRIFUGAL COMPRESSOR New York Application November 27, 1944, Serial No. 565,201
Claims.
The present invention relates to centrifugal compressors with variable diffusers for operation within a wide range of load or capacity as is required in connection with the supercharging of aircraft engines and cabins.
The Object of my invention is to provide animproved construction of centrifugal superchargers,
more particularly of the diffusers thereof whereby they may be operated within a'wide range at high efficiency.
For a consideration of what I believe to be novel and my invention, attention is directed to the following description and the claims'appended v halves l and 2 flanged together and forming an impeller chamber 3 with aninlet 4 formed by the casing half l and a discharge scroll 5. An impeller 6 is disposed within the impeller chamber 3 and secured to a shaft rotatably supported on a bearing 3. During operation, medium such as air to be compressed passes through the inlet :3 and is forced radially outward by the impeller 6 into the scroll 5,'whence it is discharged through a flanged outlet conduit 9 formed by the casing Diffuser means are provided to convert part of the velocity energyof the compressed medium discharged from the impeller into pressure sperm. This diffuser means surrounds concentrically the impeller B and in the present example is located substantially in the discharge scroll 5. More specifically, the diffuser comprises two axially spaced side walls or rings 'IB and II. The wall Ill is seated on shoulders formed by the casing half 5 and secured thereto by circumferentially spaced screws It. The wall or ring H is seated on a shoulder formed by the casing hall 2 and secured thereto by circumferentially spaced bolts or screws l3. A set of circumferentially spaced, curved difiuser vanes M is located between the side walls or rings Ill and H. In the present example the set of vanes 14 is integrally formed with the wall i l. Adjacent vanes It form diffuser passages between them, which passages increase gradually in cross-sectional area from the radiallyv inner ends ,or inlets toward the radially outer ends or outlets.
The difiuser so far described is typical of diffuser arrangements used in present day centrifuinto a comparatively gal compressors; These diffusers operate well within a small load range only. through the compressor drops below a certain value this type of diffuser causes pulsations and renders the compressor unstable. In order to reduce such pulsations and to permit a wider load range I provide in accordance with my invention additional difiuser vanes adjustably arranged be tween the aforementioned set of stationary vanes. In the present instance the embodiment in the drawing includes a second set of difiuser vanes, wedges or control members It. Each of these vanes is centrallylocated between a pair of vanes Hi and subdivides the passage formed therebetween. More specifically, each vane is in the form of a wedge-shaped member having a comparatively thin inner portion-tapering gradually thick outer portion.
Each Wedge or wedge-shaped member 55 forms a tongue and groove connection with the walls it, ii. To this end each wedge 65 is provided on opposite edges with tongues it slidably projecting into curved openings ll and grooves it formed in the side walls Hi, i i, respectively. Each wedge forms with adjacent, stationary vanes iii a pair of diffuser passages i9, 20, Fig. 2. The width of the dififuser passages i9, 28, more particularly the throat area thereof, is a minimum when the wedges or adjustable vanes 55 are moved into their inner end position, and the throat area be come maximum as the wedges iii are moved into their radially outer end positions. The end positions are determined by engagement between the ends of the tongues it with the corresponding ends of the openings ii and grooves it.
The arrangement according to my invention includes means for adjusting or positioning the adjustable diffuser vanes or wedges along the center liens or how lines between the stationary vanes M. This adjusting or positioning means comprises a ring 2! with a plurality of circumierentially spaced radial openings or slots 22 each for receiving a pin 23 projecting axially- Iroma tongue 58 of each wedge If). The ring 2! has a toothed portion with a pinion 25. The latter is secured to a shaft 25 rotatably supported on the casing half l. During operation, rotation of the shaft 28 causes turning movement of the pinion 25' which in turn effects angular displacement or movement of the ring 2!. The latter through its slot and pin connections with the wedges or adjustable vanes i5 causes the latter to move along their center lines, that is, along the grooves 11, I8. Upon rotation of the pinion 25 in one direction or rack 24 meshin 2 asoaaoo the wedges II are moved inward to reduce the minimum flow area or throat or the adjacent difluser passages and upon rotation of the pinion 2! in the opposite direction the wedges are moved outward to increasethe throat area of the adjacent difluser passages. The curved wedge shape of the adjustable vanes or wedges and the positioning thereof along the center lines between adjacent stationary vanes it smooth diffuser passages and accordingly efiective andefllcient diil'us'ion within a wide range of load. Thus, with my invention I have accomplished an improved difluser arrangement which broadly comprises a pair of axially spaced walls I or rings with a set of circumferentially spaced stationary vanes between them and another set tionary vanes.
3. Difluser arrangement for centrifugal compressors comprising a ring with a plurality of circumferentially spaced stationary vanes, a
1 plurality of adjustable vanes located between the assures of wedge-shaped vanes alternating with the impeller disposed in the impeller chamber, and
a variable diffuser for conducting compressed medium discharged from the impeller into the scroll, said difiuser comprising axially spaced side walls supported on the casing, a set of circumferentially spaced stationary vanes held on the side walls and a set of circumferentially spaced adjustable wedge-shaped vanes each centrally located between a pair of stationary vanes, and means for moving the adjustable vanes alongv the center lines'.between the stationary vanes.
2. Difluser arrangement for centrifugal compressors comprising a pair oi axially spaced rings, a set of circumferentially spaced curved stationary vanes located between the rings and secured to one of them, and a set of adjustable vanes located between the stationary vanes and dividing the passages between the stationary stationary vanes and forming tongue and groove connections with the ring, and means for moving the adjustable vanes along the center lines I between adjacent stationary vanes to vary the flow area of the passages formedbetween the vanes; a
4. Difluser arrangement for centrifugal compressors comprising a pair of axially spaced rin s. a set of stationary circumferentially spaced curved vanes secured to the rings and forming diffuser passages therewith and a set of adjustable circumierentially spaced curved wedge-shaped vanes interspersed between the stationary vanes and subdividing the diifus'er passages formed thereby, each stationary vane having curved tongues on opposite edge portions located in grooves in the rings between stationary vanes, and means for moving the ad-' justable vanes along the grooves to vary the diffuser passagesformed between them and the stationary vanes, said means comprising axially extending pins secured to the. tongues, a ring having circumierentially spaced substantially radial slots for receiving the respective pins and gear means for angularly positioning said last named ring.
5. Difluser arrangement for centrifugal compressors comprising a pair of axially spaced annular'walls, a pair of stationary circumferentially spaced vanes supported between said walls and cooperating therewith to form a diilusing passage, a tapered control member located within the diffusing passage, and means for adjustin the member substantially along the center line of the passage to vary the eflective area thereof.
Y WENDELL S. THOMPSON.
vanes, and means for positioning the adjustable vanes along the center lines between the sta-
US565201A 1944-11-27 1944-11-27 Centrifugal compressor Expired - Lifetime US2392200A (en)

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Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2645410A (en) * 1947-05-05 1953-07-14 Construction De Moteurs D Avia Gaseous fluid compressor
US2648195A (en) * 1945-12-28 1953-08-11 Rolls Royce Centrifugal compressor for supercharging internal-combustion engines
US3025668A (en) * 1958-12-15 1962-03-20 Bendix Corp Gas turbine engine having coordinated fuel, compressor outlet area and turbine inlet area control
US3138317A (en) * 1962-09-21 1964-06-23 Worthington Corp Surge control mechanism for turbomachinery
US3243159A (en) * 1964-04-27 1966-03-29 Ingersoll Rand Co Guide vane mechanism for centrifugal fluid-flow machines
US3799694A (en) * 1972-11-20 1974-03-26 Gen Motors Corp Variable diffuser
EP0199097A2 (en) * 1985-03-26 1986-10-29 A/S Kongsberg Väpenfabrikk Movable spike, variable entrance geometry pipe diffuser with vibration suppression
US5895204A (en) * 1997-08-06 1999-04-20 Carrier Corporation Drive positioning mechanism for a variable pipe diffuser
US5988977A (en) * 1997-08-06 1999-11-23 Carrier Corporation Backlash adjustment mechanism for variable pipe diffuser
US6419464B1 (en) * 2001-01-16 2002-07-16 Honeywell International Inc. Vane for variable nozzle turbocharger
WO2003019013A1 (en) * 2001-08-27 2003-03-06 Aerodyn Ab Centrifugal pump
US20050160731A1 (en) * 2004-01-23 2005-07-28 Arnold Steven D. Actuation assembly for variable geometry turbochargers
WO2008023034A1 (en) * 2006-08-24 2008-02-28 Abb Turbo Systems Ag Diffuser of a radial flow compressor
US20100172745A1 (en) * 2007-04-10 2010-07-08 Elliott Company Centrifugal compressor having adjustable inlet guide vanes
US20120034071A1 (en) * 2010-03-09 2012-02-09 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Diffuser apparatus, centrifugal compressor, and turbo supercharger
US20120082539A1 (en) * 2010-06-18 2012-04-05 Khimani Mohiki Variable geometry turbine
CN107559086A (en) * 2017-08-21 2018-01-09 安徽江淮汽车集团股份有限公司 Turbocharger
JP2021011832A (en) * 2019-07-04 2021-02-04 株式会社アテクト Nozzle vane and turbocharger having nozzle vane

Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2648195A (en) * 1945-12-28 1953-08-11 Rolls Royce Centrifugal compressor for supercharging internal-combustion engines
US2645410A (en) * 1947-05-05 1953-07-14 Construction De Moteurs D Avia Gaseous fluid compressor
US3025668A (en) * 1958-12-15 1962-03-20 Bendix Corp Gas turbine engine having coordinated fuel, compressor outlet area and turbine inlet area control
US3138317A (en) * 1962-09-21 1964-06-23 Worthington Corp Surge control mechanism for turbomachinery
US3243159A (en) * 1964-04-27 1966-03-29 Ingersoll Rand Co Guide vane mechanism for centrifugal fluid-flow machines
US3799694A (en) * 1972-11-20 1974-03-26 Gen Motors Corp Variable diffuser
EP0199097A2 (en) * 1985-03-26 1986-10-29 A/S Kongsberg Väpenfabrikk Movable spike, variable entrance geometry pipe diffuser with vibration suppression
EP0199097A3 (en) * 1985-03-26 1988-06-22 A/S Kongsberg Väpenfabrikk Movable spike, variable entrance geometry pipe diffuser with vibration suppression
US5895204A (en) * 1997-08-06 1999-04-20 Carrier Corporation Drive positioning mechanism for a variable pipe diffuser
US5988977A (en) * 1997-08-06 1999-11-23 Carrier Corporation Backlash adjustment mechanism for variable pipe diffuser
US6419464B1 (en) * 2001-01-16 2002-07-16 Honeywell International Inc. Vane for variable nozzle turbocharger
US6672059B2 (en) * 2001-01-16 2004-01-06 Honeywell International Inc. Vane design for use in variable geometry turbocharger
WO2003019013A1 (en) * 2001-08-27 2003-03-06 Aerodyn Ab Centrifugal pump
US20050160731A1 (en) * 2004-01-23 2005-07-28 Arnold Steven D. Actuation assembly for variable geometry turbochargers
US6928818B1 (en) * 2004-01-23 2005-08-16 Honeywell International, Inc. Actuation assembly for variable geometry turbochargers
WO2008023034A1 (en) * 2006-08-24 2008-02-28 Abb Turbo Systems Ag Diffuser of a radial flow compressor
US20100172745A1 (en) * 2007-04-10 2010-07-08 Elliott Company Centrifugal compressor having adjustable inlet guide vanes
US20120034071A1 (en) * 2010-03-09 2012-02-09 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Diffuser apparatus, centrifugal compressor, and turbo supercharger
US8403635B2 (en) * 2010-03-09 2013-03-26 Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha Diffuser apparatus, centrifugal compressor, and turbo supercharger
US20120082539A1 (en) * 2010-06-18 2012-04-05 Khimani Mohiki Variable geometry turbine
CN107559086A (en) * 2017-08-21 2018-01-09 安徽江淮汽车集团股份有限公司 Turbocharger
CN107559086B (en) * 2017-08-21 2019-06-28 安徽江淮汽车集团股份有限公司 Turbocharger
JP2021011832A (en) * 2019-07-04 2021-02-04 株式会社アテクト Nozzle vane and turbocharger having nozzle vane

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