US2390925A - Glassware-forming apparatus - Google Patents

Glassware-forming apparatus Download PDF

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US2390925A
US2390925A US380179A US38017941A US2390925A US 2390925 A US2390925 A US 2390925A US 380179 A US380179 A US 380179A US 38017941 A US38017941 A US 38017941A US 2390925 A US2390925 A US 2390925A
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glass
shaping element
shell
forming
members
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US380179A
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Danner Edward
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B17/00—Forming molten glass by flowing-out, pushing-out, extruding or drawing downwardly or laterally from forming slits or by overflowing over lips
    • C03B17/04—Forming tubes or rods by drawing from stationary or rotating tools or from forming nozzles

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  • One of the objects of the present invention is to provide an efllcient glass tube forming apparatus, wherein the molten glass is intermixed to assure uniformity of constituency and, consequently, uniformity of viscosity when at any uniform temperature to which the glass is raised. It then becomes dependable as to its fluidity and its corresponding reactive formation in producing the ware.
  • the invention particularly, resides in the manipulation of the glass and the shaping of the glassware by defined apparatus.
  • the invention also, consists in an adjustable heat-insulating shell surrounding the glass at its ware-forming point for not only cooperatively producing zonal confinement of the heat about the glass during its ware formation, but, also, to vary the escape t heat and induce the flow of a limited and controllable quantity rate of temperature-reducing air to control the viscosity of the glass, as it moves over the shaping element.
  • the invention also, provides an adjustable heat-distributing shield or deflector for varying the viscosity of the glass to produce varying rate of fiow of portions of the glass on the forming element and as it leaves the forming element to vary not only the structural characteristics of the glass body, but, also, the dimensional characteristics of the ware.
  • the invention also, provides an annular damper located at the top of the shell for adjustably covering an opening intermediate the shell and the bottom of a molten glass container, such as a glass-delivering trough, or a forebay or forehearth, to regulate the draft within the shell and the escape of the heated gas and the products of combustion and vary the intake of air within the shell and about the glass and, thus, control the viscosity of the glass.
  • a molten glass container such as a glass-delivering trough, or a forebay or forehearth
  • the invention also, provides a ware-forming element having glass-distributing parts to produce a uniform glass quantity rate of formation into ware and, thus, desired definite ware quality and definite variations in wall thickness, according to the variations in shape or number of the glass-distributing parts.
  • the invention also, provides a means for readily assembling the distributing parts to enable variation of their effectiveness as to the glass quantity rate that flows from the ware-forming element.
  • the invention also, provides a molten glass conduit having a glass-shaping element at its lower end and a blow pipe within the glass conduit and means for directing air transversely through the flowing glass to the blow pipe.
  • the invention also, provides a surface glass heating'means and a glass-shaping element supported in the outlet of a molten-glass conduit and connected by interengaging blocks with the lower end of the conduit and the lower end of a blow pipe located within the element for supporting the shaping element and the blow pipe and preventing surface heating of more than a limited area of the surface glass.
  • the invention also, provides a glass-shaping element having a plurality of substantially hereormly spaced, relatively thin parts located in a stream of molten glass or in an outlet through which molten glass moves for producing a constant, relatively high quantity rate of discharge of molten glass.
  • the invention also, provides a means for securing the lower terminals of the parts at desired points relative to each other and with respect to the stream flow to produce desired dimensional characteristics of the ware formed by the shaping element.
  • the invention also, consists in providing a glass-shaping element having one or more glassdistributing parts for producing an increased quantity rate of discharge of molten glass from a chamber and a glass-directing body axially disposed with reference to the parts and having a surface for producing in-gathering of the glass as it is discharged from the parts or a wider distribution of the glass than the normal flow from the parts and, thus, deviation inwardly or outwardly with respect to the axis of the normal flow.
  • the invention also, provides a readily replaceable tip part of a glass-shaping element to cause deviation from the normal downward movement of the glass as it reaches a point of free fall and,
  • Fig. 1 is a front view of the forebay or forehearth and a broken outline view of a melting tank.
  • Fig. 2 is a view of a vertical section, taken on the plane of the line 2-2 and looking in the direction of the arrows. indicated in Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 3 is a view of a horizontal section, taken on the plane of the line 3-4, indicated in Fig. 2.
  • Fig. 4 is a view. of a section of the gate intermediate the melting tank and the forebay for controlling the flow of molten glass to the forebay.
  • Fig. 1 is a front view of the forebay or forehearth and a broken outline view of a melting tank.
  • Fig. 2 is a view of a vertical section, taken on the plane of the line 2-2 and looking in the direction of the arrows. indicated in Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 3 is a view of a horizontal section, taken on the plane of the line 3-4, indicated in Fig. 2.
  • FIG. 5 is a view of a vertical section of a glass-shaping element, in mandrel form, its enclosing shell, and the contiguous coacting parts in the forebay, also taken on the plane of the line 2-2, indicated in Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 6 is a view of a section, taken on the horizontal planes of the broken line 6-8, indicated in Fig. 5, and illustrates the flame-shield elevator for modifying the zonal temperature range about the glass-shaping element.
  • Fig. '7 shows a view of a section, taken on the plane of the line indicated in Fig. 5, showing the damper ring and means for operating it.
  • Fig. 8 illustrates a modified form of glassshaping element, the heating burners, and the shield elevator for altering the zonal temperature produced by the burners.
  • Fig. 8A is an enlarged sectional view of the shaping element and adjacent parts illustrated in Fig. 8.
  • Fig. 9 is a perspective view of one of the molten glassdistributlng parts of the glass-shaping element, shown in Fig. 8.
  • Fig. 9A is a partial sectional view through the shell shown in Fig. 9.
  • Fig. 10 is a view of a section of a third modified form of glass-shaping element.
  • Fig. 11 illustrates a fourth modified form of a glass-shaping element and its enclosing shell.
  • FIG. 12 illustrates one of the spacing and interlocking blocks for supporting the glass-shaping element and blow pipe, shown in Fig. 11.
  • Fig. 13 illustrates an enlarged sectional view of the upper end part of the blow pipe, shown in Fig. 11.
  • Fig. 14 illustrates a sectional view of a form of a glass-shaping element similar to that shown in Fig. 11.
  • Fig. 15 illustrates a modified form of glass-shaping element having a replaceable tip or glass-delivery terminal.
  • Fig. 16 illustrates a glass-shaping element having a replaceable tip, of still another form, to cause distribution of the glass over a circle having a larger area than is produced by the form shown in Fig. 15.
  • Fig. 16 illustrates a glass-shaping element having a replaceable tip, of still another form, to cause distribution of the glass over a circle having a larger area than is produced by the form shown in Fig. 15.
  • Fig. 16 illustrates a glass-shap
  • FIG. 17 illustrates a perspective view of the tip shown in Fig. 16.
  • Fig. 18 illustrates an enlarged view of a section of the engaging means for connecting the tip shown in either of the Figs. 15 and 16 with the body of the glass-shaping element, taken on the plane of the line l8-l8, indicated in Fig. 19.
  • Fig. 19 is a view of a section of the body of the shaping element, taken on the plane of the line 19-", indicated in Fig. 15.
  • Fig. 20 illustrates a modified form of a glass-shaping element. wherein a plurality of coaxial glass-distributing parts, in the form of shells, have flange or skirt parts that protrude well beyond the blow pipe terminal.
  • FIG. 21 illustrates a form of glassshaping element, similar to that shown in Fig. 20, wherein the flange parts, of the form of the glass-shaping element shown in Fig. 20, protrude below the terminus of the blow pipe at varying lengths and, particularly, to lengths that progressively increase from the outer of the parts to the inner of the parts and. thus, produce an inward draw of the glass to'that discharged from the surfaces of the innermost of the parts.
  • FIG. 22 illustrates a form of glass-shaping element. wherein a substantially semisphericfl-shaped refractory part may be removably connected A the central of the shell parts.
  • Fig. 23 illustrt' a perspective view of one of the shell-like parts shown in Fig. 22.
  • Fig. 24 illustrates a broken view of sections of the substantially semispherical refractor part and the inner of the shell parts and shows a means for supporting the refractory bodypart'
  • the melting tank II and its one or more forebays 32 are formed of refractory and insulating blocks of the usual type that are bonded by structural beams. rods, plates, and metal shells to form the supporting frame 34 o!
  • the batch materials are melted in one end of the tank and the melted glass is skimmed and the dross is retained by suitable floats and the clear glass is directed to the forebays, from which the glass flows or is drawn to form the glassware.
  • the glass is usually kept abovea certain level and the lighter and more liquid surface glass. that is subject more directly to the heat, is directed to the forebays and used while its fluidity rendersit flowable and its viscosity renders it shapeable.
  • the glass flows to the foreba 32 through a channel ll, wherein its passage may be controlled by a gate 31, which may be raised by a rod 38 that extends throulh a part of the supporting frame and its height, with respect to the bottom of the trough or channel 35, adiustably positioned bythe manually rotatable nut Ill.
  • the gate preferably, seats against removable refractory slabs ll that may be, if desired, grooved to receive the edge surfaces of the gate.
  • the slabs are placed in grooves or side and bottom channels 36 formed in the sides and bottom of the channel 35 or passageway for the molten glass and sepa-.
  • rest on the ends of the bottom slab ll .and are held in place by dowel pins 42 that extend downward through parts 44 of the refractory wall of the tank that form the ends of the side grooves 01' channels I.
  • dowel pins 42 may be provided with holes 45, in which rods. or other instruments, may be inserted to draw the slabs fran the grooves when the dowel pins have been removed.
  • the forebay 32 is cylindrical in form and its upper end is closed or covered by refractory blocks, one of which is provided with an opening for receiving and adjustably supporting a blow pipe 41 extending through a refractory tube II, which extends, with the pipe, through the molten glass to the glass-shaping element located below the forebay to protect the metal of the pipe. Compressed air is supplied to the blow pipe by a pipe 4!.
  • the upper part of the forebay has a plurality of refractory blocks, in which recesses I, preferably, having curved surfaces substantially cylindrical or slightly conical, are formed to have axes that are located tangential to a circle, but slightly smaller than the curvature of the inside surface of the forebay.
  • Fuel gas burners II are located at the outer ends of the recesses for projectins flames through the recesses into the forebay.
  • the burners are connected to a source of supply of fuel gas through pipes 58.
  • a refractory shell to is located below the level of the burners.
  • This shell surrounds the inner end of the outlet II in the bottom of the forehearth through which the molten glass leaves the forehearth.
  • This shell is preferably cylindrical and extends a short distance above the level of the glass in the forehearth.
  • the upper end of the shell has a flange with a sloping lower surface adapted to cooperate with slidable blocks 84. These slidable blocks are positioned on the bottom surfaces of ports in the side wall which are closed by refractory plugs 52.
  • the upper surface of each block slopes downwardly and is adapted to engage the sloping surface on a flange 55 on the shell 50 for cooperation therewith to raise or lower the one side of the shell.
  • a wall extends from the channel 35 and circularly along the wall of the forehearth. This wall is higher than the normal depth of the glass and forms a pot 58 for receiving the glass through the channel 35.
  • the glass is conducted from the forebay to a glass-shaping element located below the outlet I.
  • the shaping element is supported on the lower end of the blow pipe 41 and, as the glass is distended by the glass-shaping element in the formation of the ware, it is sustained by the slight pressure produced by the air flow through the blow pipe 41.
  • the blow pipe 41 has a refractory block 81.
  • the block 51 has an outwardly extending shoulder 58 and the upper end of the shaping element 60 has an inwardly extending shoulder 6
  • the glass 5 is in the form of a hollow mandrel having a tapered lower end and is supported on the refractory block 51 by small refractory spacing blocks 62 located intermediate the shoulders on the block 51 and the shaping element 80.
  • the glass flows through the outlet 5
  • the glass tends to form, by the air draft and heat, a skin of surface glass that is sometimes diflicult to control.
  • the glass skin alters the elasticity of the surface glass and, sometimes, produces gob-like collections and, at times, prevents uniformity of discharge at the lower end of the mandrel.
  • the glass-shaping element is surrounded by a heat-confining shell 84 formed of bonded refractory blocks.
  • Burners 85 are located on a circular pipe 63 extending along the lower end edge of the shell.
  • the shell is, preferably, cylindrical and has open ends.
  • the lower end of the shell has a conical or beveled edge surface to deflect the flames, produced bythe burners, inwardly.
  • the upper end of the shell is placed conttguous to the bottom of the forebay and the shell is located coaxial with the molten glass outlet BI and with the shaping element 88.
  • the heat may be further intensified, or localized, by a shield 88 that may be adjustably supported by a frame 81 located below the burners and raised or lowered within the shell and, particularly, with respect to the shaping element 60 to produce zonal temperatures of more intense heat as may be desired.
  • the shield 88 is, preferabiy, formed frustumal and its shorter edge is located at the top and has a size and shape approximating that of the cross sectional area of the glass-shaping element, while its lower edge conforms in shape and approximates the size of the cross dimensions of the inner surface of the shell.
  • the height of the frustum is, relative to its dimensions, short and, thus, the shield not only coacts to confine the heat about the element, but markedly reflects the heat of the burners and deflects the heated gases and exhaust products of combustion toward the glass-shaping element.
  • the temperature about the shaping element, over which the glass moves may be controlled to produce a desired viscosit to modify its rate of movement and its thickness of wall formation.
  • the shield 68 is supported by means of the rods 68 removably connectable to the Y-shaped frame 61.
  • One of the arms of the frame 81 may be connected to a rack bar 10 that may be adjustably moved in the tube 1!, by means of the pinion 12 and the crank 14 pivotally mounted in a housing connected to the lower end of the shell 64.
  • the shell 84 and the parts mounted thereon are supported by the rods 15 that are connected to parts of the forebay frame.
  • the rods 15 may be provided with nuts 16 having crank handles 11 that may be rotated to raise or lower the upper end of the shell to or from the bottom wall of the forebay.
  • The-eflective area of the opening at the upper end of the shell 64 may be varied by the movement of the refractory ring damper slidaibly supported on the upper end of the shell and movable toward and away from the bottom of the forebay.
  • the external diameter at the top of the shell is reduced to form a neck and the damper is formed of bonded curved refractory blocks and slidably fits the neck of the shell.
  • the damper may be raised and lowered by a rotatable hand wheel and rod 8! that is connected, through sprocket wheels and sprocket chain 82, to'the threaded rods 84 to rotate the rods 84.
  • the rods 84 extend into threaded parts of the damper ring 80 and, when the rods 84 are rotated, they raise and lower the damper ring 80 and, thus, vary the effective area of the adjusted opening between the upper end of the shell and the bottom of the forebay.
  • the glass-shaping element 81 shown in Fig. 8, comprises a plurality of metal shells 88 and an outer refractory ring 80 supported on the end of the blow pipe 41 that extends through the outlet 5
  • the lower end of the blow pipe carries a sleeve 41' having a shoulder 41" thereon.
  • the innermost shell 88 is carried on the end of the blow pipe by short spacing blocks 9
  • the middle shell 88 is carried by the innermost shell 88 by means of interposed spacing blocks 8i which cooperate with the outer shoulder 84 of the inner shell and the inner shoulder of the middle shell.
  • the outer shell or ring 88 has an upper inner shoulder 92, and this shell or ring is carried by the middle shell by spacing blocks 9
  • This construction is clearly illustrated in Fig. 8A.
  • the blocks for spacing the shells may be riveted or otherwise permanently secured to th shells, as illustrated in Figs. 9 and 9A, in order to enable ready assembly of the shaping element. If desired, however, they may be separate and loosely mounted between the shells.
  • the spacing blocks supporting the innermost shell on the blow pipe are not attached to the contiguous shell but may be placed readily between the shoulder of the blow pipe and the upper inner shoulder of the innermost shell.
  • the shaping element '1 is short and, consequently, the heat-confining shell OI may be correspondingly short.
  • the adjustable shield It Within the shell is located the adjustable shield It and is mounted and operated in a manner similar to that shown in Fig. 5.
  • the shell as may be adjusted with respect to theiorebay l2 and the damper ring ll may be varied in its position, as in the form shown in Fig. 5, to control the temperature produced 'by the flames of the burners 85 about the glass as it is formed into ware by the shaping element and control the viscosity of the glass and, thus, control the shape of the were as finally produced.
  • a refractory frustumal member 98 is secured to the lower end of the blow pipe 41.
  • the member 88 has a central bore and forms a rei'ractory nozzle for the lower end oi the blow pipe to deliver air to the interior of the glass as it is formed by the shaping element.
  • the member as of the shaping element is surrounded by a member ill of refractory material and is substantially enclosed therein.
  • the member llll is, also, frustumai in form and provided with an inner and upper shoulder ill and the member 98 is provided with an outer and lower shoulder I02, and spacing blocks I are located intermediate the shoulders to support the memher I" on the member 9
  • the shaping element may, also, be supported in the upper end of a heat-confining shell ll, like that shown in Fig. 8, and the shell 95 may be provided with the zonal temperature controlling parts, also shown in Hg. 8.
  • the glass-shaping element 91 is supported on the blow pipe at the lower terminus of the outlet SI of the iorebay I! and the glass flows from the outlet over the top edges of the members as and its and over the outer sides of these parts and divides at and moves along the spacing blocks I coalescing at the ends of the spacing blocks within the member Ill and continues to move over the interior and exterior of the member is. to form tubular glassware.
  • the molten glass conduit tube that forms the outlet ii of the Iorebay 31, may be extended, or a tube. such as the tube "1, formin a continuation of the outlet ll, may be used to convey the glass to near the lower part or the shell '84.
  • the glass-shaping element Ill may be located within the end of the molten glass conduit tube. Ill.
  • the blow pipe ill formed 01' retractory material, is located in the conduit tube "1. The upper end o! the blow pipe is closed and the lower end extends into the shaping element. The upper end of the blow pipe communicates with a source of compressed air by tubes Ill and Ill.
  • the tubes I ll abut tubes I" (Fig.
  • the lower ends of the molten glass conduit tube and the blow pipe are provided with shoulders II I and Ill, respectively.
  • the shaping element Ill may be provided with inner and outer shoulders H2 and 2', respectively located in opposed relation to the shoulders HI and ill, and spacing blocks ill, of the form illustrated in Fig. 12, may be located between the shoulders to connect the lower ends oi the molten glass conduit Ill and the blow pipe I" and to support these parts.
  • the glass moves through the tube ill from the Iorebay to the glass-shaping element and through the heat-confining shell I that is heated by the burners II.
  • the shell is, also, provided with the shield 88 that may be adjustably located by the crank 16 operating through the rod II and the frame '1. as in the form of construction shown in Fig. 5
  • the conduit I", the blow pipe I" and the shaping element llll mounted between the two at the bottom of the conduit it! are supported on the framework by means of the structure described above.
  • the tubes I II, as stated. are located within the metal sleeves I which are secured to a part oi. the frame it by the lugs II! and the screws Ill.
  • the sleeves Ill and the tubes ill extend radially of the shell 84, and the inner ends of the tubes HI support the conduit Ill.
  • the shaping element ill and the blow pipe Ill are supported by the conduit m at the lower end thereof. 0! course, some support for the blow pipe ill is obtained at the upper end by virtue of the tubes III which extend into the blow pipe. when the structure is put together in the manner, described above.
  • the glass-shaping element II! is formed with an outer lower end surface part sloping curvedly toward the axis of the shaping element. This cooperates with the surface tension of the glass to cause the glass to move convergently.
  • the inner surface may slope curvedly away from the axis, as in the form shown in Fig. 14, to produce a tube or increased diameter.
  • the structure shown in Fig. 14 is the same as that shown in Fig. 11 except for the shape or the lower end of the shaping element.
  • the shaping element Illa has an inner shoulder Illa and an upper outer shoulder I lib similar to the shouders H2 and ll! of the shaping element In shown in Fig. 11. Theseshoulders cooperate with spacing blocks Ill, the inner block I ll abutting against the shoulder III on the blow pipe. and the outer block abutting a ainst th shoulder III on the conduit I".
  • a body part H1 is provided with inner and outer shoulders lit and the molten glass conduit and the blow pipe are provided with shoulders I28 and I23, respectively located in opposed relation to the shoulders I I8 to connect and support the parts relative to each other through the engagement of the spacing blocks I I4.
  • the body part II] of the spacing element is provided with a plurality of recesses I22, each having a pin I24 embedded in the refractory material and extending across the recess and a replaceable glass-shaping tip I25 (Fig. or I (Fig. 16), of any form, may be connected to the pins I24, by means of hooked wires I21 that have end parts embedded in the tips.
  • glass-distributing or directing tips, of anyform may be connected to the body part of the element to modify the thickness pf the tube wall and the delivery spread or area of distribution of the lass as it leaves the shaping element.
  • the form of glass-shaping element shown in Figs. 15 to 19 may be located in a heat-confining shell, which is, also, provided with a heat-intensifying shield and heat-regulating parts, shown in Figs. 5, 8, and 11, to control the viscosity of the lass as the ware is formed.
  • the shaping elements shown in Figs. 20 to 23, inclusive, are formed of coaxially disposed, thinwalled metal shells.
  • the metal shells I28 in Fig. 20, I 28' in Fig, 21, and I28" in Fig. 22 have extended skirt portions I 30, I and I30", respectively.
  • the skirt portions extend below the supports for the shells and provide a plurality of passageways through which the glass fiows for any desired distance, depending upon the lengths of the skirt portions. before the streams or glass passing between the elements are merged as the glass leaves the shaping element.
  • the plurality of skirts provides a means for causing accumulation of glass at a substantially common wareiorming point to cause a large, uniform, crosssectional delivery of glass as the ware is formed so that ware having a thick wall may be produced or thin-walled ware may be more rapidly produced by an increase in the speed of draw.
  • the shells I28 have inner shoulders I3I and outer shoulders I3Ia.
  • the molten glass conduit I01 and the blow pipe I08 have shoulders I20 and I20a, respectively.
  • Supporting and spacing blocks Ill are located between the shells and between the outer shell and the glass conduit and between the inner shell and the blow pipe for connecting the parts together and for supporting the shells and the blow Pipe.
  • the skirts of the shaping elements may vary in length as between the inner and the outer shells to vary the glass distribution.
  • the skirts I30 of the shells I28 progressively increase from the outer shell to the inner shell. If desired, they may vary in the reverse direction. Except for the difference between the shaping elements I28 and I28 0! Figs. 20 and 21,-
  • the spherical outer surface tends to lead or draw the glass inwardly as it leaves the skirts of the shells I28" to further reduce the diameter of the ware being formed.
  • a glass-shaping element comprising a plurality of coaxial shells, at least one of said shells having a pair of shoulders thereon, one of said shoulders being on the inside and the other on the outside of the shell, each of the remaining shells having at least one shoulder thereon, spacing and supporting blocks disposed between adJacent shells and arranged to engage adjacent shoulders, and means cooperating with a shoulder of one of said shells having inner and outer shoul- 2.
  • a glass-shaping element for usein apparatus for forming tubular glassware comprising a plurality of members positioned one within anrespectively, the structures illustrated in these two figures are the same.
  • the structure illustrated in Fig. 22 is the same as the structure illustrated in Fig. 20 except that the shaping element has been modified to include a substantially spherical, broad refractory member I32.
  • the bore oi! the member I32 is axially aligned with the bore of the blow pipe and is supported on the innermost of the shells I28".
  • the skirt I38" 01' the inner shell is provided with strips I34. andthe refractory member I32 has pins I35 embedded therein which project radially therefrom and engage the strips I34.
  • the refractory member I82 is preferably contiguous other and having their lower ends terminating substantially in a plane, said members having inter-engaging supporting means and providing a plurality of spaced coaxial openings at the point of discharge from the glass-shaping element through which the molten glass may pass to form the ware.
  • a glass-shaping element for use in apparatus for-forming glassware comprising a plurality of members positioned one within another,
  • each member terminating in and, to-
  • each other member forming a ware-forming plane
  • supporting means extending radially of said members for maintaining them in fixed position with respect to each other, said members providing a plurality of radially spaced openings from which glass may be discharged as it leaves the shaping element.
  • a glass-shaping element for use in apparatus for forming tubular glassware comprising a plurality of members positioned one within another, adjacent ends of each member terminating in substantially the same tending supporting. means for supporting the members in fixed position with respect to each other, said members providing a plurality of spaced openings atthe point of discharge from ,the glass-shaping element through which the molten glass may pass to form the ware.
  • a glass-shaping element for use in apparatus for forming tubular glassware comprising a plurality of members positioned one within another, one end of each member terminating in and, together with the adjacent end of each other member, forming a ware-forming plane, and radially extending supporting means extending between said members, said supporting means being relatively smaller than the spaces" between said members, said members providing a plurality of radially spaced openingswfrom which glass m y be discharged'as it leaves the shaping element.
  • a glass-shaping element for use in apparatus for forming glassware comprising a pluralit of members positioned one within another, one end of each member terminating in and, together with the adjacent end of each other member, forming a ware-forming plane, supporting means extending radially of said members for maintaining them in fixed position with respect to each other, said members providing a pinplane, and. radially exrality oi radially spaced openings from which glass may be discharged as it leaves the shaping element, and means on the members adjacent the point or discharge tor retarding glass iiow downwardly between the members and for producing glass accumulation therebetween,
  • a glass-shaping element for use in appaa means extending radially of said shells for maintaining them in flxed position with respect to each other, said shells providing a plurality oi radially spaced openings om which glass may be discharged as it leaves the shaping element.
  • a source of molten glass means for forming a tubularstream of molten glass, it glass-shaping element comprising a plurality oi. members positioned one within another, one end oi each member terminating in and, together with the ad- Jacent end of each other member, forming a ware-forming plane, said members forming a plurality of radially spaced openings through which molten glass may pass as it is discharged from the shaping element, and means for supporting the glass-shaping element on said glass stream forming means;
  • said glass-shaping element oomprising a plurality oi members positioned one within another, one end of each member terminating in and, together with the adjacent end or each other member, forming a ware-forming plane, said members providing a plurality of radially spaced openings at the point of dischar e from the glass-shaping element through which the molten glass may pass to form the ware.
  • a glass-shaping element in combination with a glass discharge conduit, said element comprising a plurality of members positioned one within another coaxially with the conduit and having their lower ends terminating substantially in a wareand providing a plupoint of discharge from through which the molten glass may pass to term the were.
  • a glass-shaping element comprising a plurality of members positioned one within another eoaxially with the con duit and having their lower ends terminating substantially in the-same plane, said members having radially extending supporting means and providing a plurality or spaced coaxial openings at the point of discharge iromthe glass-shaping element through which the molten glass may pass to form the ware.
  • a source 0!. molten tubular stream of molten glass
  • a glass-shaping element comprising a ierterminatinginandtogetherwithtbeadglass, means for forming a said members hlvViIiB inter-' duit and a blow pipe for forming a tubular stream lurality oi members positioned one within anothenone end of each memassasss iacent end or each other member, forming a ware-forming plane, said members forming a plurality oi radially spaced openings through which molten glass may pass as it is discharged from the shaping element, radially extending means for supporting one of said members in the tubular stream at molten glass, and means extending radially between said member and the other members for supporting the last-mentioned members on the first-mentioned member.
  • a source of molten glass means for forming a tubular stream of molten glass, a glassshaping element comprising a plurality of members positioned one within another, one end of each member terminating in and, together with the adjacent end of each other member, iormihg a ware-forming plane, said members forming a plurality of radially spaced openings through which molten glass may pass as it is discharged from the shaping element, radially extending means for supporting one of said members in the tubular stream of molten glass, and means extending radially between said member and the other members for supporting the last-mentioned members on the first-mentioned member, each of said members having a skirt portion extendin below its point of support. whereby the glass may flow around and between said members uninterruptedly and unite to form single walled tubular ware as it is discharged from the shaping element.
  • apparatus for forming hollow glassware means for forming a tubular stream of molten glass, a glass-shaping element, supporting means for supporting the shaping element in the path of said tubular sis-cam of molten glass, said glassshaping element comprising a plurality of members positioned one within another, one end oi each member terminating in and, together with the adjacent end of each other member, forming a ware-forming plane, said members providing a plurality of radially spaced Openings and separating the stream of glass into a plurality or streams which are therealter merged together at the wareiorming plane as the glass is discharged irom the shaping element, and means ior supporting the glass-shaping element on said glass stream form- 15.
  • apparatus for forming hollow glassware means for forming a tubular stream of molten glass, a glass-shaping element, supporting means for supporting the shaping element in the path of said tubular sis-cam of molten glass, said glassshaping element comprising a plurality
  • a source of molten glass means for forming a tubular stream of molten glass, a glass-shaping element comprising a plurality of members positioned one within another, one end of each member terminating in an together with the ad- Jacent" end of each other member, iorming a ware-forming plane, said members forming a plurality oi radi lly spaced openings through which molten glass may pass as it is discharged from the shaping element, a blow pipe extending to a point within the innermost member, radially extending means supporting the innermost member on the blow pipe, and radially extendingmeans between the innermost member and the other members for supporting all said other members on the innermost member.
  • a source oi'molten glass means including a conof molten glass, it glass-shaping element comprising a plurality of members positioned one within another, one end oi each member terminating in an together with the adjacent end oi each other member, turning a ware-forming plane'said members forming a plurality oi radially spaced openings through which molten glass may pass as it is discharged from the shaping element, and means for supporting the blow pipe and the glass-shaping element on said conduit.
  • a source of molten glass means including a conduit for receiving molten glass from said source and for forming a tubular stream of molten glass, a glass-shaping element comprising a plurality of members positioned one within another, one end of each member terminating in and, together with the adjacent end of each other member, forming a ware-forming plane, said members forming a plurality of radially spaced openings through which molten glass may pass as it is discharged from the shaping element, and means for supporting the glass-shaping element on said glass stream forming means.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Re-Forming, After-Treatment, Cutting And Transporting Of Glass Products (AREA)

Description

Dec. 11, 1945. E. DANNER 2,390,925
GLAS SWARE -FORMING APPARATUS Filed Feb. 24, 1941 9 Sheets-Sheet l Dec. 11, 1945. E. DANNER GLASSWARE-FORMING APPARATUS 9 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed Feb. 24, 1941 9 Sheets-Sheet 6 Lin-undo! Tiq M E. DANNER Filed Feb. 24, 1941 GLAS SWARE -FORMING APPARATUS Dec. 11, 1945.
camcd oQa 72 72% \\\\X\\ W I e I Dec. 11, 1945. E. DANNER GLASSWARE-FORMING APPARATUS Filed Feb. 24, 1941 9 Sheets-Sheet 7 61 O mw HQ U Dec. 11, 1945. E. DANNER GLASSWARE-FORMING APPARATUS Filed Feb. 24, 1941 9 Sheets-Sheet 8 ZOa I II Dec. 11, 1945. E. DANNER GLASSWARE-FORMING APPARATUS 9 Sheets-Sheet 9 Filed Feb. 24, 1941 Patented Dec. 11, 1945 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE GLASSWABE-FORMING APPARATUS Edward Dunner, Newark, Ohio Application February 24, 1941, Serial No. 380,179
18 Claims.
One of the objects of the present invention is to provide an efllcient glass tube forming apparatus, wherein the molten glass is intermixed to assure uniformity of constituency and, consequently, uniformity of viscosity when at any uniform temperature to which the glass is raised. It then becomes dependable as to its fluidity and its corresponding reactive formation in producing the ware. The invention, particularly, resides in the manipulation of the glass and the shaping of the glassware by defined apparatus.
The invention, also, consists in an adjustable heat-insulating shell surrounding the glass at its ware-forming point for not only cooperatively producing zonal confinement of the heat about the glass during its ware formation, but, also, to vary the escape t heat and induce the flow of a limited and controllable quantity rate of temperature-reducing air to control the viscosity of the glass, as it moves over the shaping element.
The invention, also, provides an adjustable heat-distributing shield or deflector for varying the viscosity of the glass to produce varying rate of fiow of portions of the glass on the forming element and as it leaves the forming element to vary not only the structural characteristics of the glass body, but, also, the dimensional characteristics of the ware.
The invention, also, provides an annular damper located at the top of the shell for adjustably covering an opening intermediate the shell and the bottom of a molten glass container, such as a glass-delivering trough, or a forebay or forehearth, to regulate the draft within the shell and the escape of the heated gas and the products of combustion and vary the intake of air within the shell and about the glass and, thus, control the viscosity of the glass.
The invention, also, provides a ware-forming element having glass-distributing parts to produce a uniform glass quantity rate of formation into ware and, thus, desired definite ware quality and definite variations in wall thickness, according to the variations in shape or number of the glass-distributing parts. The invention, also, provides a means for readily assembling the distributing parts to enable variation of their effectiveness as to the glass quantity rate that flows from the ware-forming element.
The invention, also, provides a molten glass conduit having a glass-shaping element at its lower end and a blow pipe within the glass conduit and means for directing air transversely through the flowing glass to the blow pipe.
The invention, also, provides a surface glass heating'means and a glass-shaping element supported in the outlet of a molten-glass conduit and connected by interengaging blocks with the lower end of the conduit and the lower end of a blow pipe located within the element for supporting the shaping element and the blow pipe and preventing surface heating of more than a limited area of the surface glass.
The invention, also, provides a glass-shaping element having a plurality of substantially uniiormly spaced, relatively thin parts located in a stream of molten glass or in an outlet through which molten glass moves for producing a constant, relatively high quantity rate of discharge of molten glass. The invention, also, provides a means for securing the lower terminals of the parts at desired points relative to each other and with respect to the stream flow to produce desired dimensional characteristics of the ware formed by the shaping element.
The invention, also, consists in providing a glass-shaping element having one or more glassdistributing parts for producing an increased quantity rate of discharge of molten glass from a chamber and a glass-directing body axially disposed with reference to the parts and having a surface for producing in-gathering of the glass as it is discharged from the parts or a wider distribution of the glass than the normal flow from the parts and, thus, deviation inwardly or outwardly with respect to the axis of the normal flow.
' The invention, also, provides a readily replaceable tip part of a glass-shaping element to cause deviation from the normal downward movement of the glass as it reaches a point of free fall and,
thus, vary the dimensional characteristics of the glass.-
The invention consists in other features and advantages which will appear from the following description and upon examination of the drawings. Structures containing the invention may partake of difierent forms and still embody the invention. To illustrate a practical application of the invention, I have selected a glasswareforming apparatus as an example of the various structures and details thereof that contain the invention and shall describe the selected structure hereinafter, it being understood that variations may be made and that certain features of my invention may be used to advantage without use or other features of the invention and without departing from the spirit of the invention,
as presented in the claims. The particular structure selected is shown in. the accompanying drawings and described hereinafter.
Fig. 1 is a front view of the forebay or forehearth and a broken outline view of a melting tank. Fig. 2 is a view of a vertical section, taken on the plane of the line 2-2 and looking in the direction of the arrows. indicated in Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a view of a horizontal section, taken on the plane of the line 3-4, indicated in Fig. 2. Fig. 4 is a view. of a section of the gate intermediate the melting tank and the forebay for controlling the flow of molten glass to the forebay. Fig. 5 is a view of a vertical section of a glass-shaping element, in mandrel form, its enclosing shell, and the contiguous coacting parts in the forebay, also taken on the plane of the line 2-2, indicated in Fig. 1. Fig. 6 is a view of a section, taken on the horizontal planes of the broken line 6-8, indicated in Fig. 5, and illustrates the flame-shield elevator for modifying the zonal temperature range about the glass-shaping element. Fig. '7 shows a view of a section, taken on the plane of the line indicated in Fig. 5, showing the damper ring and means for operating it. Fig; 8 illustrates a modified form of glassshaping element, the heating burners, and the shield elevator for altering the zonal temperature produced by the burners. Fig. 8A is an enlarged sectional view of the shaping element and adjacent parts illustrated in Fig. 8. Fig. 9 is a perspective view of one of the molten glassdistributlng parts of the glass-shaping element, shown in Fig. 8. Fig. 9A is a partial sectional view through the shell shown in Fig. 9. Fig. 10 is a view of a section of a third modified form of glass-shaping element. Fig. 11 illustrates a fourth modified form of a glass-shaping element and its enclosing shell. Fig. 12 illustrates one of the spacing and interlocking blocks for supporting the glass-shaping element and blow pipe, shown in Fig. 11. Fig. 13 illustrates an enlarged sectional view of the upper end part of the blow pipe, shown in Fig. 11. Fig. 14 illustrates a sectional view of a form of a glass-shaping element similar to that shown in Fig. 11. Fig. 15 illustrates a modified form of glass-shaping element having a replaceable tip or glass-delivery terminal. Fig. 16 illustrates a glass-shaping element having a replaceable tip, of still another form, to cause distribution of the glass over a circle having a larger area than is produced by the form shown in Fig. 15. Fig. 17 illustrates a perspective view of the tip shown in Fig. 16. Fig. 18 illustrates an enlarged view of a section of the engaging means for connecting the tip shown in either of the Figs. 15 and 16 with the body of the glass-shaping element, taken on the plane of the line l8-l8, indicated in Fig. 19. Fig. 19 is a view of a section of the body of the shaping element, taken on the plane of the line 19-", indicated in Fig. 15. Fig. 20 illustrates a modified form of a glass-shaping element. wherein a plurality of coaxial glass-distributing parts, in the form of shells, have flange or skirt parts that protrude well beyond the blow pipe terminal. Fig. 21 illustrates a form of glassshaping element, similar to that shown in Fig. 20, wherein the flange parts, of the form of the glass-shaping element shown in Fig. 20, protrude below the terminus of the blow pipe at varying lengths and, particularly, to lengths that progressively increase from the outer of the parts to the inner of the parts and. thus, produce an inward draw of the glass to'that discharged from the surfaces of the innermost of the parts. Fig.
22 illustrates a form of glass-shaping element. wherein a substantially semisphericfl-shaped refractory part may be removably connected A the central of the shell parts. Fig. 23 illustrt' a perspective view of one of the shell-like parts shown in Fig. 22. Fig. 24 illustrates a broken view of sections of the substantially semispherical refractor part and the inner of the shell parts and shows a means for supporting the refractory bodypart' In the form of construction shown in the figures, the melting tank II and its one or more forebays 32 are formed of refractory and insulating blocks of the usual type that are bonded by structural beams. rods, plates, and metal shells to form the supporting frame 34 o! the apparatus. The batch materials are melted in one end of the tank and the melted glass is skimmed and the dross is retained by suitable floats and the clear glass is directed to the forebays, from which the glass flows or is drawn to form the glassware.
The glass is usually kept abovea certain level and the lighter and more liquid surface glass. that is subject more directly to the heat, is directed to the forebays and used while its fluidity rendersit flowable and its viscosity renders it shapeable. Thus, the glass flows to the foreba 32 through a channel ll, wherein its passage may be controlled by a gate 31, which may be raised by a rod 38 that extends throulh a part of the supporting frame and its height, with respect to the bottom of the trough or channel 35, adiustably positioned bythe manually rotatable nut Ill.
The gate. preferably, seats against removable refractory slabs ll that may be, if desired, grooved to receive the edge surfaces of the gate. The slabs are placed in grooves or side and bottom channels 36 formed in the sides and bottom of the channel 35 or passageway for the molten glass and sepa-.
rated from the surfaces of the channel 36 by sheets of asbestos 39. The side slabs 4| rest on the ends of the bottom slab ll .and are held in place by dowel pins 42 that extend downward through parts 44 of the refractory wall of the tank that form the ends of the side grooves 01' channels I. To enable removal of the slabs. they may be provided with holes 45, in which rods. or other instruments, may be inserted to draw the slabs fran the grooves when the dowel pins have been removed. Thus, when, by erosion of parts of the slabs by the flow of the molten'glass and leakage at the gate, the slabs may be readily replaced by new slabs and the gate used to completely close the channel 35.
The forebay 32 is cylindrical in form and its upper end is closed or covered by refractory blocks, one of which is provided with an opening for receiving and adjustably supporting a blow pipe 41 extending through a refractory tube II, which extends, with the pipe, through the molten glass to the glass-shaping element located below the forebay to protect the metal of the pipe. Compressed air is supplied to the blow pipe by a pipe 4!. v
The upper part of the forebay has a plurality of refractory blocks, in which recesses I, preferably, having curved surfaces substantially cylindrical or slightly conical, are formed to have axes that are located tangential to a circle, but slightly smaller than the curvature of the inside surface of the forebay. Fuel gas burners II are located at the outer ends of the recesses for proiectins flames through the recesses into the forebay. The
recessescoact directively to produce a whirling flame in the forebay at and over the surface of the glass. The burners are connected to a source of supply of fuel gas through pipes 58.
A refractory shell to is located below the level of the burners. This shell surrounds the inner end of the outlet II in the bottom of the forehearth through which the molten glass leaves the forehearth. This shell is preferably cylindrical and extends a short distance above the level of the glass in the forehearth. The upper end of the shell has a flange with a sloping lower surface adapted to cooperate with slidable blocks 84. These slidable blocks are positioned on the bottom surfaces of ports in the side wall which are closed by refractory plugs 52. The upper surface of each block slopes downwardly and is adapted to engage the sloping surface on a flange 55 on the shell 50 for cooperation therewith to raise or lower the one side of the shell.
A wall extends from the channel 35 and circularly along the wall of the forehearth. This wall is higher than the normal depth of the glass and forms a pot 58 for receiving the glass through the channel 35.
The glass is conducted from the forebay to a glass-shaping element located below the outlet I. In' the form shown in Figs. 2 and 5, the shaping element is supported on the lower end of the blow pipe 41 and, as the glass is distended by the glass-shaping element in the formation of the ware, it is sustained by the slight pressure produced by the air flow through the blow pipe 41. The blow pipe 41 has a refractory block 81. The block 51 has an outwardly extending shoulder 58 and the upper end of the shaping element 60 has an inwardly extending shoulder 6|. The shaping element shown in Fig. 5 is in the form of a hollow mandrel having a tapered lower end and is supported on the refractory block 51 by small refractory spacing blocks 62 located intermediate the shoulders on the block 51 and the shaping element 80. The glass flows through the outlet 5| onto the upper ends of th block 51 and the shaping element 80 and over the inner and outer surfaces of the element 68 and its viscosity and its temperature controlled until it leaves the element; In this form of shaping element, the glass tends to form, by the air draft and heat, a skin of surface glass that is sometimes diflicult to control. The glass skin alters the elasticity of the surface glass and, sometimes, produces gob-like collections and, at times, prevents uniformity of discharge at the lower end of the mandrel.
To regulate the viscosity of the glass and control its wall thickness as it is shaped by the shaping element, the glass-shaping element is surrounded by a heat-confining shell 84 formed of bonded refractory blocks. Burners 85 are located on a circular pipe 63 extending along the lower end edge of the shell. When forming cylindrical or circular ware, the shell is, preferably, cylindrical and has open ends. Preferably, the lower end of the shell has a conical or beveled edge surface to deflect the flames, produced bythe burners, inwardly. The upper end of the shell is placed conttguous to the bottom of the forebay and the shell is located coaxial with the molten glass outlet BI and with the shaping element 88. Thus, the glass, as it moves downward over the shaping element, is heated by the flames produced by the burners as confined and reflec- 7 tively intensified by the shell.
The heat may be further intensified, or localized, by a shield 88 that may be adjustably supported by a frame 81 located below the burners and raised or lowered within the shell and, particularly, with respect to the shaping element 60 to produce zonal temperatures of more intense heat as may be desired. The shield 88 is, preferabiy, formed frustumal and its shorter edge is located at the top and has a size and shape approximating that of the cross sectional area of the glass-shaping element, while its lower edge conforms in shape and approximates the size of the cross dimensions of the inner surface of the shell. The height of the frustum is, relative to its dimensions, short and, thus, the shield not only coacts to confine the heat about the element, but markedly reflects the heat of the burners and deflects the heated gases and exhaust products of combustion toward the glass-shaping element. Thus, the temperature about the shaping element, over which the glass moves, may be controlled to produce a desired viscosit to modify its rate of movement and its thickness of wall formation.
The shield 68 is supported by means of the rods 68 removably connectable to the Y-shaped frame 61. One of the arms of the frame 81 may be connected to a rack bar 10 that may be adjustably moved in the tube 1!, by means of the pinion 12 and the crank 14 pivotally mounted in a housing connected to the lower end of the shell 64.
The shell 84 and the parts mounted thereon are supported by the rods 15 that are connected to parts of the forebay frame. The rods 15 may be provided with nuts 16 having crank handles 11 that may be rotated to raise or lower the upper end of the shell to or from the bottom wall of the forebay.
The-eflective area of the opening at the upper end of the shell 64 may be varied by the movement of the refractory ring damper slidaibly supported on the upper end of the shell and movable toward and away from the bottom of the forebay. Preferably, the external diameter at the top of the shell is reduced to form a neck and the damper is formed of bonded curved refractory blocks and slidably fits the neck of the shell. The damper may be raised and lowered by a rotatable hand wheel and rod 8! that is connected, through sprocket wheels and sprocket chain 82, to'the threaded rods 84 to rotate the rods 84. The rods 84 extend into threaded parts of the damper ring 80 and, when the rods 84 are rotated, they raise and lower the damper ring 80 and, thus, vary the effective area of the adjusted opening between the upper end of the shell and the bottom of the forebay.
The glass-shaping element 81, shown in Fig. 8, comprises a plurality of metal shells 88 and an outer refractory ring 80 supported on the end of the blow pipe 41 that extends through the outlet 5|. The lower end of the blow pipe carries a sleeve 41' having a shoulder 41" thereon. The innermost shell 88 is carried on the end of the blow pipe by short spacing blocks 9| which cooperate with the shoulder 41" on the sleeve on the lower end of the blow pipe and with the shoulder 82 on the shell. The middle shell 88 is carried by the innermost shell 88 by means of interposed spacing blocks 8i which cooperate with the outer shoulder 84 of the inner shell and the inner shoulder of the middle shell. The outer shell or ring 88 has an upper inner shoulder 92, and this shell or ring is carried by the middle shell by spacing blocks 9| which cooperate with the upper inner shoulder of the outer ring or shell and the lower miter-shoulder ll of the middle shell. This construction is clearly illustrated in Fig. 8A. If desired. the blocks for spacing the shells may be riveted or otherwise permanently secured to th shells, as illustrated in Figs. 9 and 9A, in order to enable ready assembly of the shaping element. If desired, however, they may be separate and loosely mounted between the shells. The spacing blocks supporting the innermost shell on the blow pipe are not attached to the contiguous shell but may be placed readily between the shoulder of the blow pipe and the upper inner shoulder of the innermost shell.
The shaping element '1 is short and, consequently, the heat-confining shell OI may be correspondingly short. Within the shell is located the adjustable shield It and is mounted and operated in a manner similar to that shown in Fig. 5. Also, the shell as may be adjusted with respect to theiorebay l2 and the damper ring ll may be varied in its position, as in the form shown in Fig. 5, to control the temperature produced 'by the flames of the burners 85 about the glass as it is formed into ware by the shaping element and control the viscosity of the glass and, thus, control the shape of the were as finally produced.
In the form of shaping element ll, shown in Fig. 10, a refractory frustumal member 98 is secured to the lower end of the blow pipe 41. The member 88 has a central bore and forms a rei'ractory nozzle for the lower end oi the blow pipe to deliver air to the interior of the glass as it is formed by the shaping element.
The member as of the shaping element is surrounded by a member ill of refractory material and is substantially enclosed therein. The member llll is, also, frustumai in form and provided with an inner and upper shoulder ill and the member 98 is provided with an outer and lower shoulder I02, and spacing blocks I are located intermediate the shoulders to support the memher I" on the member 9|.
The shaping element may, also, be supported in the upper end of a heat-confining shell ll, like that shown in Fig. 8, and the shell 95 may be provided with the zonal temperature controlling parts, also shown in Hg. 8.
The glass-shaping element 91 is supported on the blow pipe at the lower terminus of the outlet SI of the iorebay I! and the glass flows from the outlet over the top edges of the members as and its and over the outer sides of these parts and divides at and moves along the spacing blocks I coalescing at the ends of the spacing blocks within the member Ill and continues to move over the interior and exterior of the member is. to form tubular glassware.
In the form of the construction shown in Fi 11, the molten glass conduit tube, that forms the outlet ii of the Iorebay 31, may be extended, or a tube. such as the tube "1, formin a continuation of the outlet ll, may be used to convey the glass to near the lower part or the shell '84. The glass-shaping element Ill may be located within the end of the molten glass conduit tube. Ill. The blow pipe ill, formed 01' retractory material, is located in the conduit tube "1. The upper end o! the blow pipe is closed and the lower end extends into the shaping element. The upper end of the blow pipe communicates with a source of compressed air by tubes Ill and Ill. The tubes I ll abut tubes I" (Fig. 13) that extend crosswise the stream of molten glass and may be covered with refractory, diamond-shaped blocks I", that permitjree movement of the glass pasttheblocksto caussittoiirstdivide at an upper corner and then coalesce at the bottom corner of each block. Asbestos gaskets III and ill seal the blocks I and the pipe I" to prevent entrance 0! air into the molten glass. The tubes III are located within the metal sleeves III and are secured to a part or the frame 34 by means 01' the lug II! and screw ill. Pressure screws III are threaded into the sleeves I" to press against the tubes III, which, in turn, operate, by pressure, to seal the gaskets lit and III. The lower ends of the molten glass conduit tube and the blow pipe are provided with shoulders II I and Ill, respectively. The shaping element Ill may be provided with inner and outer shoulders H2 and 2', respectively located in opposed relation to the shoulders HI and ill, and spacing blocks ill, of the form illustrated in Fig. 12, may be located between the shoulders to connect the lower ends oi the molten glass conduit Ill and the blow pipe I" and to support these parts. The glass moves through the tube ill from the Iorebay to the glass-shaping element and through the heat-confining shell I that is heated by the burners II. The shell is, also, provided with the shield 88 that may be adjustably located by the crank 16 operating through the rod II and the frame '1. as in the form of construction shown in Fig. 5
In this embodiment the conduit I", the blow pipe I" and the shaping element llll mounted between the two at the bottom of the conduit it! are supported on the framework by means of the structure described above. The tubes I II, as stated. are located within the metal sleeves I which are secured to a part oi. the frame it by the lugs II! and the screws Ill. The sleeves Ill and the tubes ill extend radially of the shell 84, and the inner ends of the tubes HI support the conduit Ill. The shaping element ill and the blow pipe Ill are supported by the conduit m at the lower end thereof. 0! course, some support for the blow pipe ill is obtained at the upper end by virtue of the tubes III which extend into the blow pipe. when the structure is put together in the manner, described above. radial pressures are exerted through the tube Ill, the spacing blocks Ill and the gaskets Ill and III so that a part of the weight of the blow pipe is carried in this manner instead of throush the shaping element to the lower end of the conduit lll. The glass-shaping element II! is formed with an outer lower end surface part sloping curvedly toward the axis of the shaping element. This cooperates with the surface tension of the glass to cause the glass to move convergently. I! desired, the inner surface may slope curvedly away from the axis, as in the form shown in Fig. 14, to produce a tube or increased diameter. The structure shown in Fig. 14 is the same as that shown in Fig. 11 except for the shape or the lower end of the shaping element. The shaping element Illa has an inner shoulder Illa and an upper outer shoulder I lib similar to the shouders H2 and ll! of the shaping element In shown in Fig. 11. Theseshoulders cooperate with spacing blocks Ill, the inner block I ll abutting against the shoulder III on the blow pipe. and the outer block abutting a ainst th shoulder III on the conduit I".
In the dorms of shaping element shown in Figs. 15 and 18, a body part H1 is provided with inner and outer shoulders lit and the molten glass conduit and the blow pipe are provided with shoulders I28 and I23, respectively located in opposed relation to the shoulders I I8 to connect and support the parts relative to each other through the engagement of the spacing blocks I I4. The body part II] of the spacing element is provided with a plurality of recesses I22, each having a pin I24 embedded in the refractory material and extending across the recess and a replaceable glass-shaping tip I25 (Fig. or I (Fig. 16), of any form, may be connected to the pins I24, by means of hooked wires I21 that have end parts embedded in the tips. Thus, glass-distributing or directing tips, of anyform, may be connected to the body part of the element to modify the thickness pf the tube wall and the delivery spread or area of distribution of the lass as it leaves the shaping element.
The form of glass-shaping element shown in Figs. 15 to 19 may be located in a heat-confining shell, which is, also, provided with a heat-intensifying shield and heat-regulating parts, shown in Figs. 5, 8, and 11, to control the viscosity of the lass as the ware is formed.
The shaping elements shown in Figs. 20 to 23, inclusive, are formed of coaxially disposed, thinwalled metal shells. The metal shells I28 in Fig. 20, I 28' in Fig, 21, and I28" in Fig. 22 have extended skirt portions I 30, I and I30", respectively. The skirt portions extend below the supports for the shells and provide a plurality of passageways through which the glass fiows for any desired distance, depending upon the lengths of the skirt portions. before the streams or glass passing between the elements are merged as the glass leaves the shaping element. The plurality of skirts provides a means for causing accumulation of glass at a substantially common wareiorming point to cause a large, uniform, crosssectional delivery of glass as the ware is formed so that ware having a thick wall may be produced or thin-walled ware may be more rapidly produced by an increase in the speed of draw.
Referring to Fig. 20, the shells I28 have inner shoulders I3I and outer shoulders I3Ia. The molten glass conduit I01 and the blow pipe I08 have shoulders I20 and I20a, respectively. Supporting and spacing blocks Ill are located between the shells and between the outer shell and the glass conduit and between the inner shell and the blow pipe for connecting the parts together and for supporting the shells and the blow Pipe.
The skirts of the shaping elements may vary in length as between the inner and the outer shells to vary the glass distribution. In Fig. 21 the skirts I30 of the shells I28 progressively increase from the outer shell to the inner shell. If desired, they may vary in the reverse direction. Except for the difference between the shaping elements I28 and I28 0! Figs. 20 and 21,-
' ders for supporting the element.
to the end or the blow pipe I08 but spaced sumciently therefrom to permit movement of glass between the blow pipe and said body so that lass may flow downwardly interiorly oi the member. The spherical outer surface tends to lead or draw the glass inwardly as it leaves the skirts of the shells I28" to further reduce the diameter of the ware being formed.
I claim:
. 1. In apparatus for forming tubular glassware, a glass-shaping element comprising a plurality of coaxial shells, at least one of said shells having a pair of shoulders thereon, one of said shoulders being on the inside and the other on the outside of the shell, each of the remaining shells having at least one shoulder thereon, spacing and supporting blocks disposed between adJacent shells and arranged to engage adjacent shoulders, and means cooperating with a shoulder of one of said shells having inner and outer shoul- 2. A glass-shaping element for usein apparatus for forming tubular glassware comprising a plurality of members positioned one within anrespectively, the structures illustrated in these two figures are the same.
The structure illustrated in Fig. 22 is the same as the structure illustrated in Fig. 20 except that the shaping element has been modified to include a substantially spherical, broad refractory member I32. The bore oi! the member I32 is axially aligned with the bore of the blow pipe and is supported on the innermost of the shells I28".
The skirt I38" 01' the inner shell is provided with strips I34. andthe refractory member I32 has pins I35 embedded therein which project radially therefrom and engage the strips I34. The refractory member I82 is preferably contiguous other and having their lower ends terminating substantially in a plane, said members having inter-engaging supporting means and providing a plurality of spaced coaxial openings at the point of discharge from the glass-shaping element through which the molten glass may pass to form the ware.
3. A glass-shaping element for use in apparatus for-forming glassware comprising a plurality of members positioned one within another,
one end of each member terminating in and, to-
gether with the adjacent end of each other member, forming a ware-forming plane, and supporting means extending radially of said members for maintaining them in fixed position with respect to each other, said members providing a plurality of radially spaced openings from which glass may be discharged as it leaves the shaping element.
4. A glass-shaping element for use in apparatus for forming tubular glassware comprising a plurality of members positioned one within another, adjacent ends of each member terminating in substantially the same tending supporting. means for supporting the members in fixed position with respect to each other, said members providing a plurality of spaced openings atthe point of discharge from ,the glass-shaping element through which the molten glass may pass to form the ware.
5. A glass-shaping element for use in apparatus for forming tubular glassware comprising a plurality of members positioned one within another, one end of each member terminating in and, together with the adjacent end of each other member, forming a ware-forming plane, and radially extending supporting means extending between said members, said supporting means being relatively smaller than the spaces" between said members, said members providing a plurality of radially spaced openingswfrom which glass m y be discharged'as it leaves the shaping element. t
6. A glass-shaping element for use in apparatus for forming glassware comprising a pluralit of members positioned one within another, one end of each member terminating in and, together with the adjacent end of each other member, forming a ware-forming plane, supporting means extending radially of said members for maintaining them in fixed position with respect to each other, said members providing a pinplane, and. radially exrality oi radially spaced openings from which glass may be discharged as it leaves the shaping element, and means on the members adjacent the point or discharge tor retarding glass iiow downwardly between the members and for producing glass accumulation therebetween,
7. A glass-shaping element for use in appaa means extending radially of said shells for maintaining them in flxed position with respect to each other, said shells providing a plurality oi radially spaced openings om which glass may be discharged as it leaves the shaping element.
8. In apparatus for forming hollow glassware, a source of molten glass, means for forming a tubularstream of molten glass, it glass-shaping element comprising a plurality oi. members positioned one within another, one end oi each member terminating in and, together with the ad- Jacent end of each other member, forming a ware-forming plane, said members forming a plurality of radially spaced openings through which molten glass may pass as it is discharged from the shaping element, and means for supporting the glass-shaping element on said glass stream forming means;
9. In apparatus for forming hollow glassware, means for forming a tubular stream of molten glass, a glass-shaping element, and supporting means for supporting the shaping element in the path 01' said tubular stream of molten glass. said glass-shaping elementoomprising a plurality oi members positioned one within another, one end of each member terminating in and, together with the adjacent end or each other member, forming a ware-forming plane, said members providing a plurality of radially spaced openings at the point of dischar e from the glass-shaping element through which the molten glass may pass to form the ware. i
10. In apparatus for forming hollow g. a glass-shaping element in combination with a glass discharge conduit, said element comprising a plurality of members positioned one within another coaxially with the conduit and having their lower ends terminating substantially in a wareand providing a plupoint of discharge from through which the molten glass may pass to term the were.
11. In apparatus for forming tubular glassware, a glass discharge conduit, a glass-shaping element comprising a plurality of members positioned one within another eoaxially with the con duit and having their lower ends terminating substantially in the-same plane, said members having radially extending supporting means and providing a plurality or spaced coaxial openings at the point of discharge iromthe glass-shaping element through which the molten glass may pass to form the ware.
12. In apparatus for forming-hollow glassware, a source 0!. molten tubular stream of molten glass, a glass-shaping element comprising a ierterminatinginandtogetherwithtbeadglass, means for forming a said members hlvViIiB inter-' duit and a blow pipe for forming a tubular stream lurality oi members positioned one within anothenone end of each memassasss iacent end or each other member, forming a ware-forming plane, said members forming a plurality oi radially spaced openings through which molten glass may pass as it is discharged from the shaping element, radially extending means for supporting one of said members in the tubular stream at molten glass, and means extending radially between said member and the other members for supporting the last-mentioned members on the first-mentioned member.
- 13. In apparatus for forming hollow glassware, a source of molten glass, means for forminga tubular stream of molten glass, a glassshaping element comprising a plurality of members positioned one within another, one end of each member terminating in and, together with the adjacent end of each other member, iormihg a ware-forming plane, said members forming a plurality of radially spaced openings through which molten glass may pass as it is discharged from the shaping element, radially extending means for supporting one of said members in the tubular stream of molten glass, and means extending radially between said member and the other members for supporting the last-mentioned members on the first-mentioned member, each of said members having a skirt portion extendin below its point of support. whereby the glass may flow around and between said members uninterruptedly and unite to form single walled tubular ware as it is discharged from the shaping element.
14. In apparatus for forming hollow glassware, means for forming a tubular stream of molten glass, a glass-shaping element, supporting means for supporting the shaping element in the path of said tubular sis-cam of molten glass, said glassshaping element comprising a plurality of members positioned one within another, one end oi each member terminating in and, together with the adjacent end of each other member, forming a ware-forming plane, said members providing a plurality of radially spaced Openings and separating the stream of glass into a plurality or streams which are therealter merged together at the wareiorming plane as the glass is discharged irom the shaping element, and means ior supporting the glass-shaping element on said glass stream form- 15. In apparatus for forming hollow glassware,
a source of molten glass, means for forming a tubular stream of molten glass, a glass-shaping element comprising a plurality of members positioned one within another, one end of each member terminating in an together with the ad- Jacent" end of each other member, iorming a ware-forming plane, said members forming a plurality oi radi lly spaced openings through which molten glass may pass as it is discharged from the shaping element, a blow pipe extending to a point within the innermost member, radially extending means supporting the innermost member on the blow pipe, and radially extendingmeans between the innermost member and the other members for supporting all said other members on the innermost member.
16. In apparatus ior iorming hollow glassware, a source oi'molten glass, means including a conof molten glass, it glass-shaping element comprising a plurality of members positioned one within another, one end oi each member terminating in an together with the adjacent end oi each other member, turning a ware-forming plane'said members forming a plurality oi radially spaced openings through which molten glass may pass as it is discharged from the shaping element, and means for supporting the blow pipe and the glass-shaping element on said conduit.
17. In apparatus for forming hollow glassware, a source of molten glass, means including a conduit for receiving molten glass from said source and for forming a tubular stream of molten glass, a glass-shaping element comprising a plurality of members positioned one within another, one end of each member terminating in and, together with the adjacent end of each other member, forming a ware-forming plane, said members forming a plurality of radially spaced openings through which molten glass may pass as it is discharged from the shaping element, and means for supporting the glass-shaping element on said glass stream forming means.
18. In apparatus for forming hollow glassware,
plurality of radiallyspaced openings at the point of discharge from the glass-shaping element through which the molten glass may pass to form the ware, and means carried bythe members adjacent the point of discharge for retarding the glass flow downwardly between the members and for producing glass accumulation therebetween.
EDWARD DANNER.
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Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2462805A (en) * 1941-12-17 1949-02-22 Danner Edward Apparatus for forming glass tubing, rods and the like
US2462808A (en) * 1945-07-16 1949-02-22 Danner Edward Manufacture of tubular glassware
US2474302A (en) * 1943-12-06 1949-06-28 Danner Edward Glassware-forming apparatus
US2502312A (en) * 1945-07-19 1950-03-28 Danner Edward Tubular glass manufacturing apparatus
US2947027A (en) * 1952-01-16 1960-08-02 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Manufacture of glass fibers
US2972837A (en) * 1957-03-06 1961-02-28 Kimble Glass Co Apparatus for continuously forming tubing and rods from viscous materials
US5057136A (en) * 1987-06-20 1991-10-15 Schott Glaswerke Method and apparatus for manufacturing profiled glass tubing
WO2012101202A1 (en) * 2011-01-28 2012-08-02 Heraeus Quarzglas Gmbh & Co. Kg Process and apparatus for drawing a quartz glass strand
US20210371319A1 (en) * 2020-05-29 2021-12-02 Schott Ag System for a glass drawing process and method for adjusting a system for a glass drawing process

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2462805A (en) * 1941-12-17 1949-02-22 Danner Edward Apparatus for forming glass tubing, rods and the like
US2474302A (en) * 1943-12-06 1949-06-28 Danner Edward Glassware-forming apparatus
US2462808A (en) * 1945-07-16 1949-02-22 Danner Edward Manufacture of tubular glassware
US2502312A (en) * 1945-07-19 1950-03-28 Danner Edward Tubular glass manufacturing apparatus
US2947027A (en) * 1952-01-16 1960-08-02 Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp Manufacture of glass fibers
US2972837A (en) * 1957-03-06 1961-02-28 Kimble Glass Co Apparatus for continuously forming tubing and rods from viscous materials
US5057136A (en) * 1987-06-20 1991-10-15 Schott Glaswerke Method and apparatus for manufacturing profiled glass tubing
WO2012101202A1 (en) * 2011-01-28 2012-08-02 Heraeus Quarzglas Gmbh & Co. Kg Process and apparatus for drawing a quartz glass strand
US20130305784A1 (en) * 2011-01-28 2013-11-21 Heraeus Quarzglas Gmbh & Co. Kg Method and apparatus for drawing a quartz glass strand
US9242887B2 (en) * 2011-01-28 2016-01-26 Heraeus Quarzglas Gmbh & Co. Kg Method and apparatus for drawing a quartz glass strand
CN103328394B (en) * 2011-01-28 2016-08-10 赫罗伊斯石英玻璃股份有限两合公司 Method and apparatus for drawing silica glass rod
US20210371319A1 (en) * 2020-05-29 2021-12-02 Schott Ag System for a glass drawing process and method for adjusting a system for a glass drawing process
US11787723B2 (en) * 2020-05-29 2023-10-17 Schott Ag System for a glass drawing process and method for adjusting a system for a glass drawing process

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