US2390727A - Treatment of blood - Google Patents
Treatment of blood Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2390727A US2390727A US454931A US45493142A US2390727A US 2390727 A US2390727 A US 2390727A US 454931 A US454931 A US 454931A US 45493142 A US45493142 A US 45493142A US 2390727 A US2390727 A US 2390727A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- blood
- plasma
- blood cells
- methyl cellulose
- settling
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 title description 40
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 title description 40
- 210000000601 blood cell Anatomy 0.000 description 22
- 229920000609 methyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 15
- 239000001923 methylcellulose Substances 0.000 description 15
- 235000010981 methylcellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 15
- 239000003146 anticoagulant agent Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229940127219 anticoagulant drug Drugs 0.000 description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 210000004180 plasmocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 206010018910 Haemolysis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 206010040047 Sepsis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 210000003743 erythrocyte Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 230000008588 hemolysis Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000002966 serum Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 150000007824 aliphatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035602 clotting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000622 irritating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium citrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K35/00—Medicinal preparations containing materials or reaction products thereof with undetermined constitution
- A61K35/12—Materials from mammals; Compositions comprising non-specified tissues or cells; Compositions comprising non-embryonic stem cells; Genetically modified cells
- A61K35/14—Blood; Artificial blood
- A61K35/16—Blood plasma; Blood serum
Definitions
- This invention relates to a method for treating blood, and more particularly to a method for obtaming the bulk. of the plasma from blood in a single treatment.
- An object of the invention is to provide a simpleand inexpensive method for effectively separating plasma from blood. Another object of the invention is to remove a large proportion of the plasma from blood in a relatively short time by a sed1mentation or settling method; Still another object is to provide a method for removing from blood a large proportion of the plasma therein by a simple process'requiring no refrigeration and no special apparatus.
- blood may be obtamed and utilized in the field, plasma being separated from the blood cells or formed elements, and the plasma being thereafter given to Simple equipment may be used, and the removal of the plasma may be carried out in a single treatment which requires only a very short time. It is not necessary to centrifuge the blood in the separation of the plasma, and no refrigeration is needed. Hemolysis of the blood is substantially eliminated, and sepsis may be readily avoided,
- Another object of the invention is to obtain a relatively complete separation-of the red cells or erythrocytes in a short period of time and to obtain in the separation of the blood cells, plasma of a relatively high quality.
- the present invention contemplates the mixing of the blood from which the plasma is to be obtained with a suitable compound which accelerates the settling or separation of the blood cells.
- the blood cells may be substantially completely separated in a period of only a few hours by means of the settling operation. Not only is the operation economical of time, but any need for refrigeration is avoided. At the same time, it is not necessary to use expens ve or bulky apparatus in the treatment.
- mammalian or human blood is mixed with a suit-able reagent for accelerating the sedimentation of the blood cells, and the plasma or serum is thereafter separated from the blood cells.
- the invention is not limited to the treatment of human blood and other types of mammalian blood ma be used.
- the reagent which is used for accelerating the separation of the blood cells should be one that is biologically innocuous and substantially nonanti-genic.
- the reagent should thus be free of any toxic body which might cause a reaction when introduced into the blood stream of the patient.
- the reagent should not induce sensitivity on repeated dosage.
- material is preferably one that is eliminated from the body without difliculty after being introduced into the blood stream and should exert a minimal irritating effect on living tissue.
- the reagent which is mixed with the blood may be a water-dispersible polymerized organic colloidal compound, and is preferably an aliph atic compound containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen.
- the colloidal compound is one which is prepared synthetically.
- Methyl cellulose has been found to be particularly suitable for this purpose. Methyl cellulose and other cellulose derivatives are intended to be included in the use of the term polymer. Similarly these cellulose derivatives are to be included in referring to synthetic substances since at least the derivatives'are prepared synthetically.
- Another substance which has been found to be suitable is polyvinyl alcohol.
- the accelerating agent such as methyl cellulose
- the methyl cellulose is used in a water solution which is mixed with the'blood.
- an anti-coagulant of the conventional type for the prevention of clot formation is also mixed with the blood.
- the anti-coagulant may be sodium citrate or sodium prosphate, or any of the other conventional anti-coagulants, and may be used in conventional quantities.
- the methyl cellulose is preferably used in a quantity between 0.025% and 0.2% by weight with respect to the volume of blood which is used. 0.05% of methyl cellulose has been found to be very satisfactory.
- the methyl cellulose is preferably of a low viscosity.
- the entire mixture is thereafter agitated to obtain a thorough and complete mixture of the ingredients.
- the mixture may then be permitted to settle for a period of several hours.
- the blood cells will rapidly settle to the lower portion of the container. It has been found that the mixture may be maintained in a quiescent state for a period of between one and twelve hours for the settling operation, and that a period in the neighborhood of eight totenhours is to be preferred.
- the clear upper layer of plasma may be drawn oil and is ready for use.
- the entire operation may be readily carried out in a closed system in order to effectively avoid sepsis.
- polyvinyl alcohol is used as the sedimentation accelerating reagent, it may be used in proportions .corresponding rather closely to those i of methyl cellulose which have been found to be suitable.
- the polyvinyl alcohol which -is used is substax'itiallywater-soluble and is of relatively low viscosity.
- the sedimentationaccelerating reagent to the blood, the red cells or erythrocytes settle very rapidly from the fluid portion of the blood and are very easily separated therefrom. If desired, the mixture may be subjected to centrifugation to remove the blood cells from the blood.
- plasma from blood in a single treatment comprising mixing untreated blood with an anticoagulant and a minor-proportion of methyl cellulose, thoroughly distributing the anti-coagulant and the methyl cellulose throughout the blood, maintaining the mixture in a quiescent state for a period of time sufliciently long to permit settling of the blood cells and the formation of separate layers of plasma and blood cells and thereafter separating the plasma from the blood cells.
- a method for obtaining the bulk of the plasma fromblood in a single treatment comprising mixing the untreated blood with an anticoagulant and with approximately 0.05% of low viscosity methyl cellulose in water solution, the
Description
the patient in an infusion operation.
Patented Dec. 11, 1945 TREATMENT OFBLOOD Naurice M. Nesset, Glenview, Ill., assignor to Baxter Laboratories, Inc., Glenview, 111., a corporation of Delaware No Drawing, Application August 15, 1942, Serial No. 454,931
3 Claims.
This invention relates to a method for treating blood, and more particularly to a method for obtaming the bulk. of the plasma from blood in a single treatment.
An object of the invention is to provide a simpleand inexpensive method for effectively separating plasma from blood. Another object of the invention is to remove a large proportion of the plasma from blood in a relatively short time by a sed1mentation or settling method; Still another object is to provide a method for removing from blood a large proportion of the plasma therein by a simple process'requiring no refrigeration and no special apparatus.
By means of the invention, blood may be obtamed and utilized in the field, plasma being separated from the blood cells or formed elements, and the plasma being thereafter given to Simple equipment may be used, and the removal of the plasma may be carried out in a single treatment which requires only a very short time. It is not necessary to centrifuge the blood in the separation of the plasma, and no refrigeration is needed. Hemolysis of the blood is substantially eliminated, and sepsis may be readily avoided,
Another object of the invention is to obtain a relatively complete separation-of the red cells or erythrocytes in a short period of time and to obtain in the separation of the blood cells, plasma of a relatively high quality.
In the settling or sedimentation operations which have heretofore been use for. obtaining plasma from blood, a period of several days has been required for the settling of the blood cells. As a result, not only is a great deal of time consumed in the operation, but it is normally necessary to refrigerate the blood during the settling operation in order to prevent substantial hemolysis. The plasma may be obtained from blood in amore rapid operation by centrifuging the blood to separate the blood cells. Thisoperation, however, requires expensive bulky apparatus and is not entirely satisfactory for use in the field.
The present invention contemplates the mixing of the blood from which the plasma is to be obtained with a suitable compound which accelerates the settling or separation of the blood cells. In this manner, the blood cells may be substantially completely separated in a period of only a few hours by means of the settling operation. Not only is the operation economical of time, but any need for refrigeration is avoided. At the same time, it is not necessary to use expens ve or bulky apparatus in the treatment.
In accordance with the present invention, mammalian or human blood is mixed with a suit-able reagent for accelerating the sedimentation of the blood cells, and the plasma or serum is thereafter separated from the blood cells.
In the preparation of plasma human blood is ordinarily used, however, the invention is not limited to the treatment of human blood and other types of mammalian blood ma be used.
The reagent which is used for accelerating the separation of the blood cells should be one that is biologically innocuous and substantially nonanti-genic. The reagent should thus be free of any toxic body which might cause a reaction when introduced into the blood stream of the patient. At the same time, the reagent should not induce sensitivity on repeated dosage. materialis preferably one that is eliminated from the body without difliculty after being introduced into the blood stream and should exert a minimal irritating effect on living tissue.
The reagent which is mixed with the blood may be a water-dispersible polymerized organic colloidal compound, and is preferably an aliph atic compound containing carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. Preferably, the colloidal compound is one which is prepared synthetically. Methyl cellulose has been found to be particularly suitable for this purpose. Methyl cellulose and other cellulose derivatives are intended to be included in the use of the term polymer. Similarly these cellulose derivatives are to be included in referring to synthetic substances since at least the derivatives'are prepared synthetically. Another substance which has been found to be suitable is polyvinyl alcohol.
In the treatment of the blood, the accelerating agent, such as methyl cellulose, is mixed with th blood in any suitable manner. Preferably, the methyl cellulose is used in a water solution which is mixed with the'blood. When it is desired to obtain plasma rather than serum, an anti-coagulant of the conventional type for the prevention of clot formation is also mixed with the blood.
Any suitable proportion of the ingredients may be used. The anti-coagulant may be sodium citrate or sodium prosphate, or any of the other conventional anti-coagulants, and may be used in conventional quantities. The methyl cellulose is preferably used in a quantity between 0.025% and 0.2% by weight with respect to the volume of blood which is used. 0.05% of methyl cellulose has been found to be very satisfactory.
The.
The methyl cellulose is preferably of a low viscosity.
After the sedimentation accelerating reagent and the anti-coagulant are introduced into the blood, the entire mixture is thereafter agitated to obtain a thorough and complete mixture of the ingredients. The mixture may then be permitted to settle for a period of several hours. The blood cells will rapidly settle to the lower portion of the container. It has been found that the mixture may be maintained in a quiescent state for a period of between one and twelve hours for the settling operation, and that a period in the neighborhood of eight totenhours is to be preferred.
After the blood cells have settled to the lower portion of the container, the clear upper layer of plasma may be drawn oil and is ready for use.
The entire operation may be readily carried out in a closed system in order to effectively avoid sepsis.
If polyvinyl alcohol is used as the sedimentation accelerating reagent, it may be used in proportions .corresponding rather closely to those i of methyl cellulose which have been found to be suitable. Preferably, the polyvinyl alcohol which -is used is substax'itiallywater-soluble and is of relatively low viscosity.
It has been found that by adding the sedimentationaccelerating reagent to the blood, the red cells or erythrocytes settle very rapidly from the fluid portion of the blood and are very easily separated therefrom. If desired, the mixture may be subjected to centrifugation to remove the blood cells from the blood.
Although the invention has been described in connection with specific embodiments, it will be understood that many modifications and changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
The sedimentation process using any biologically incecuous colloidal gummy sedimentation accelerating reagent is claimed in my copending application Serial No. 455,873, filed August 24, 1942.
I claim:
1. a method for obtaining the =-bulk of the,
plasma from blood in a single treatment, comprising mixing untreated blood with an anticoagulant and a minor-proportion of methyl cellulose, thoroughly distributing the anti-coagulant and the methyl cellulose throughout the blood, maintaining the mixture in a quiescent state for a period of time sufliciently long to permit settling of the blood cells and the formation of separate layers of plasma and blood cells and thereafter separating the plasma from the blood cells.
2. A method for obtaining the bulk of the plasma from blood in a single treatment, com
prising mixing untreated blood with an anti-coagulant and with a minor proportion of a solution of methyl cellulose, the solution containing between 0.025% and 0.2% by weight of methyl cellulose with respect to the volume of blood,
thoroughly distributing the"anti-coagulant and methyl cellulose throughout the blood, maintaining the mixture in a quiescent state for a period of time sufliciently long to permit settling of the blood cells and the formation of separate layers of plasma and blood cells and separating the plasma from the blood cells. V
3. A method for obtaining the bulk of the plasma fromblood in a single treatment, comprising mixing the untreated blood with an anticoagulant and with approximately 0.05% of low viscosity methyl cellulose in water solution, the
proportion being by weight with respect to the volume of blood, thoroughly distributing the anti-coagulant and methyl cellulose throughout the blood, maintaining the mixture in a quiescent state for a period of time sufliciently long to permit settling of the blood cells and the formation of separate layers of plasma and blood cells maintaining the mixture in a quiescent state for a period of between one hour and twelve hours to permit the settling of the blood cells,
and separating the upper layer of plasma and the lower layer of blood cells. a
NAURICE M. NESSE'I.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US454931A US2390727A (en) | 1942-08-15 | 1942-08-15 | Treatment of blood |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US454931A US2390727A (en) | 1942-08-15 | 1942-08-15 | Treatment of blood |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2390727A true US2390727A (en) | 1945-12-11 |
Family
ID=23806659
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US454931A Expired - Lifetime US2390727A (en) | 1942-08-15 | 1942-08-15 | Treatment of blood |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2390727A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2910406A (en) * | 1957-02-13 | 1959-10-27 | Ohio Commw Eng Co | Method for biological particle separation |
| EP0036168A2 (en) * | 1980-03-10 | 1981-09-23 | Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. | A process for obtaining intact and viable leucocytes and thrombocytes from blood |
-
1942
- 1942-08-15 US US454931A patent/US2390727A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2910406A (en) * | 1957-02-13 | 1959-10-27 | Ohio Commw Eng Co | Method for biological particle separation |
| EP0036168A2 (en) * | 1980-03-10 | 1981-09-23 | Max-Planck-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der Wissenschaften e.V. | A process for obtaining intact and viable leucocytes and thrombocytes from blood |
| EP0036168A3 (en) * | 1980-03-10 | 1982-05-12 | Max-Planck-Gesellschaft Zur Forderung Der Wissenschaften E.V. | A process for obtaining intact and viable leucocytes and thrombocytes from blood |
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