US2390348A - Building covering - Google Patents

Description

4, 1 5- J. E. BLACK 2,390,348

BUILDING COVERING Filed March 4, 1944 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 hza 2/ 20 a 1/ WM 1945- I J. E; BLACK 2,390,348

BUILDIKG COVERING 1945- J. 5:; BLAC K 2,390,348

BUILDING COVERING Fil d March 4, 1-944 4 Sheets-Sheet s Dgc. 4, 1945. J. E; BLACK 2,390,348 BUILDING COVERING Filed March 4, 1944 4 Shee ts-Sheet 4 ZZZ-(274394- Patented Dec. 4, 1945 BUILDING COVERING James E. Black, Chicago Ill., assignor to James E. Black, Elam L. Black, Whitfield J. Black, and Virginia Black, a partnership doing business as Black Systems, Chicago, Ill.

Application March 4, 1944, Serial No. 524,984

4 Claims.

My invention relates to building coverings and more particularly to shingles for roofs and side walls,

The principal object of my invention is generally to improve shingles of the kind which, when laid, have their exposed-to-the-weather lower portions attached to concealed upper portions of underlying shingles by clamps that are nailed to such concealed upper portions and extend outwardly and downwardly through incisions in such exposed-to-the-weather lower portions.

Other objects of my invention'are to provide shingles of the kind mentioned in the immediately preceding paragraph, which (a) May be cut from sheet stock, withoujt waste, with a conveniently located clamp detachably carried by each shingle;

(b) Are so conformed that accidental separation of the clamps from their respective shingles, in transit from factory to place of installation, is exceedingly rare; and

(c) Very effectively protect a roof or wall to which they are applied despite that a very large portion of eachshingle is exposed to the weather.

An advantageous feature of the invention is that each clamp, when detached from the shingle with which it comes as a unit, leaves centrally of the shingle top a notch which the clamp itself covers when properly nailed in position to cooperate with the lower portion of an overlying shingle.

Other important features of the preferred embodiment of my invention are spaced-apart twopurpose horns constituting the upper corners of each shingle, one purpose of these horns being to guard against accidental detachment of'the clamp, from the shingle in transit to place of installation, and their other purpose being to prevent exposure of a, shingled surface when, due to the wind or other causes, a lower corner of a shingle is turned up to any degree permitted by the nails and clamp whereby such shingle is held in the building covering whereof it forms a part.

- proved shingles may be cut, without production of waste. from a strip of material suitable for use in building coverings;

Fig. 2 is a plan view'of one of the shingles as it is brought to the place of installation;

Fig. 3 is a view similar to Fig. 2 illustrating the clamp detached from its associated shingle to leave a notch in the central upper portion of the shingle;

Fig. 4 is a view similar to Figs..2 and 3 illustrating the clamp properly re-positionecl with respect to its associated shingle for cooperation, in a building covering, with the incised lower portion of an overlying shingle;

Fig. 5 is a plan view .of six courses of a roof or wall covering comprising shingles like those depicted in the preceding figures;

Fig. 6 is an enlarged view, similar to Fig. 5, il-

lustrating how the shingle horns function to prevent exposure ofthe covered building surface when, due to the wind or other causes, a lower corner of a shingle curls up to any degree permitted by the nails and clamp whereby such shingle is retained in the building covering;

Fig. 7 is a view similar to Fig. 2 depicting a first modified form of the shingle;

Fig. 8 is a plan view illustrating how the shingles of a second modified form are cut, without production of any substantial amount of waste, from a strip of suitable material;

Fig. 9 is a, plan view of a shingle of such modified form, as it is brought to the place of installation;

Fig. 10 is a view similar to Fig. 9 illustrating the clamp detached from its associated shingle to leave a notch in the central upper portion of the shingle; v

Fig. 11 is a, view similar to Figs. 9 and 10 iilustrating the clamp properly re-positioned with respect to its associated shingle for 'cooperation, in a building covering, with the incised lower portion of an overlying shingle;

Fig. 12 is a plan view of five courses oi roof or wallcovering formed by, shingles of the kind depicted in Figs. 8 to 11; I

Fig. 13 is a phantom view illustrating how each clamp overlies the notch occasioned by its detachment from its associated shingle and how each clamp cooperates with the incised lower portion of a shingle of the next, higher course; and

Fig. 14 is a view similar to Fig. 11 illustrating a different placement of the clamp with respect to the shingle notch.

Similar characters of reference refer to similar parts throughout the several views.

Referring to Fig. 2, the shingle i5 is formed of any preferred water-proof Weather-resistingsheet material suitable for use in building coverings. It has parallel side edges, a lower edge at right angles to the side edges, and an irregular second i top edge defining the upper corner horns l6-I8,

the clamp ll of inverted T-shape, and the clamp embracing lugs Ill-l8. The horns IG-IB and lugs l8-l8 are permanent parts of the shingle, but the clamp I1 is severed from the lugs Iii-l8 and is readily detachable from the shingle at the scored, or intermittently incised, line l9. At its central lower portion the shingle is provided with a U-shaped incision 20, providing a depending flap 2|.

As illustrated in Fig. 1, shingles as just described may be cut from a long strip of building 4 material without any waste whatever intermediate the first and last shingles derived from the strip. In .Fig. 1 all solid lines within the bound.- aries of the strip represent continuous severances, while the broken lines indicate scoring or intermittent incisions. It will be noted that the strip is converted into two rows of reversely disposed shingles that each horn 16 of each shingle in each row is severed from a horn i6, a clamp l1 and lug I8 of a contiguous shingle in the other row; that the clamp I1 of each shingle in each row is severed from the horn l6-l6 of two conwith the lower edges of shingles moderately overlapping the top edges of aligned shingles in the second lower course.

In Fig. 6 the horns Iii-l6 of the shingles 15 have been stippled so that their important functions in the building covering readily may be understood.

The first shingle laid upon the starting strip (the starting strip-not shown-being a wellknown strip of building covering material laid along the eave of a roof or the lower edge of a wall) consists of properly spaced-apart short shingles 15a, these short shingles being hingles l5 that have had their lower portions cut, away along the lines i5b. They are retained by large headed nails 22-22 that are so located as to be concealed and protected by the lower corners of the shingles l5 of the second course.

' As an incident to the laying of each shingle l5a its clamp I"! is plucked from the embrace of its lugs l8-l8, as. indicated in Fig. 3, and is repositioned upon the shingle with the upper edge (formerly the lower edge) of the clamp aligned with the top edges of lugs lB-IB, with the lateral edges of the larger upper portion of the clamp aligned with the parallel edges of the lugs, and with the clampcovering the notch 23 occasioned by the removal of the'clamp from the embrace of the lugs. Fig. 4, which happens to illustrate a complete shingle l5, depicts how the clamp ll of each shingle is re-positioned upon the shingle. The clamp is then secured, where re-positioned as just explained, by a pair of large headed nails 24-24.

Clamps I'Ia, for cooperation with shingles i5 of the second course, are then appropriately located and secured, by wide headed nails 24-24, between the starting or short shingles l5a, these clamps lla merely being clamps that have been removed from shingles reserved for uppermost courses. a

The shingles l 5 of the second course have their lower edges in line with the lower edges of the short shingles l5q. Such second course shingles are laid as follows: The incision 20 of each shingle is caused to receive from beneath the downwardly extending leg of one of the clamps "a; the lower margins of the incisions are drawn up snugly under the clamp legs; the shingles are secured by a pair ofnails 22-22 so located as to be concealed and protected by the lower corners of the shingles I5 01 theth'ird course; and the clamps ll of such second course shingles are plucked therefrom, appropriately re-positioned thereon, and secured thereon, and to the building surface being covered, by a pair of nails 24-24.

Subsequent courses of the shingles l5 are similarly laid, and milled in position with the central lower part of each shingle being held by a clamp ll associated with an aligned shingle of a lower course.

Each shingle is retained in the building covering of which it forms a part by one clamp I! (or Ha in th case of the second course shingles), four nails 22 and two nails 24. While two nails 24 are employed on each clamp, one will sufilce if located approximately midway between the positions of the nails 24-24 of each pair shown in the drawings.

Centrally of Fig. 3 I have depicted the maximum upward curl or fold that a lower cornerof any shingle l5 may take, under the influence of the wind or other causes, without disrupting the anchorages of such shingle. It is a curl or fold occurring on a line extending upwardly and laterally from the clamp anchorage of the shingle to the anchorage represented by one of the first two nails 22-22 driven through it. Such a maximum upward curl or fold of a lower corner of any shingle above the first two courses will not expose any part of the building surface being shingled, because of a horn l6, of an aligned lower course shingle, underlyin and overlapping the line of the curl or fold. The starting strip (not shown) prevents exposure of the shingled surface if a lower corner of a first or second course shingle similarly is curled or folded upwardly. a

For the convenience of workmen applying the shingles, it is very important that the clamps be very readily plucked from, for re-positioning upon, their respective shingles. This means that blows sustained by the clamps, while the shingles are in transit from the factory to place of installation, are veryapt to separate the clamps from the shingles. The location of each clamp between two horns l6 affords it adequate protection in transit when the shingles are properly packaged. Proper packaging consists, for example, in stacking the shingles in symmetrical superposed relationship, and securely retaining them between relatively stiif top and bottom boards having lengths and breadths not less than the corresponding dimensions of the shingles. The presence of the horns l6-I6 plus the circumstance that the shingle material is directly continguous to each clamp on three sides thereof (see Fig. 2), also aiiords each clamp great protection while the shingles are being normally hiandled, separately or otherwise, prior to installat on.

In some instances it will be feasible to dispense with the clamp embracing lugs lB-Hi despite their important advantages in guarding against accidental separation of the clamps from the shingles and in gauging the re-positioning of the clamps upon the shingles when laying the latter. A shingle from which the lugs |3-,-|8 have been omitted is depicted in Fig.3. When the clamp ll of this shingle is detached therefrom and repositioned thereon, the separated edges of the clamp and shingle are brought into registry, the leg portion of the clamp extends downwardly, and the clamp is disposed midway between the horns |6-|6.

, In Figs 8 to 141 have illustrated how certain features of my invention may be applied to shingles of a type that appear to be hexagonal when incorporated in a building covering although they actually have more than six sides.

Referring to Fig. 9, the shingle 30, being generally octagonal with some of its sides shorter than others, is provided in its lower portion with the U-shaped incision 3| aifording the depending flap 32. At its top such shingle carries a readily detachable T-shaped clamp 33 that is bounded on seven sides by directly contiguous edges of the shingle.

In laying this shingle, its clamp 33, upon being detached to leave the notch 34 (Fig. 10). is preferably positioned upon the shingle completely to cover the notch and to have its upper (formerly lower) edge aligned with the tips of the lugs 35-45 (Fig. 11) although an alternative manner of re-positioning the clamp upon the shingle is to have the upper edge of the clamp aligned with the lower ends of the parallel sides of the lugs 35-35 (see Fig. 14).

Figure 8 illustrates how shingles of the kind depicted in Fig. 9 may be cut from a long strip of building material with but very little waste. In Fig. 8 all solid lines within the boundaries of the strip represent continuous severances, while the broken lines indicate scoring or intermittent incisions. The strip is converted into two rows of shingles 30, with the clamp 33 of each shingle being severed from two contiguous shingles and from the clamp of a third contiguous shingle. The small triangles 36 represent the only material wasted.

When incorporating the last described shingles into a building covering, a plurality of appropriately placed and spaced short shingles 30a are -secured by the large headed nails 31-31, shingles 30a being merely shingles 30 that have had their lower portions severed therefrom along the lines priately laid with their slits 3| cooperating with the clamps 33a; the third course shingles 30 are appropriately laid with their slits 3| cooperating with the clamps 33 of the first course shingles; the fourth course shingles 30 are appropriately laid with their slits 3| cooperating with the clamps 33 of the second course shingles, etc. It will be observed that each shingle is retained in the building covering by four nails 31 and two nails 33, and that each clamp 33 or 3311 is located between and in contact with short vertical sides of shingles next above the course in which is located the particular shingle to which such clamp is nailed.

At all times prior to the installation of the shingles 30, their clamps 33 are protected against accidental separation therefrom because each shingle lies in immediate edgewise contact with a plurality (preferably seven)' of sides -of its associated clamp.

Having thus illustrated and described my invention in several of its preferred embodiments, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters clamp-forming member having a minor area lying within and protectively snugly embraced by the upper central portion of the body and a major area lying outside of and extending upwardly away from the body. and means integrally joining and firmly anchoring the clampforming member to the body at a line of severance within the body, permitting detachment of the clamp-forming member and its complete emergence from the body readily to be effected by the fingers of a workman grasping the aforesaid major area, with the resulting provision in the body of a cove recess covered and concealed by the clamp-forming member when it is appropriately repositioned and secured same surface out against the outer surface of the body for entry into the clamp-receiving incision of a higher course similar shingle unit.

2. A shingle unit of sheet-like material comprising a body having a clamp-receiving incision in its lower central portion, a clamp-forming member occupying the plane of the body, the clamp-forming member having a minor area lying within and protectively snugly embraced by the upper central portion of the body and a major area lying outside of and extending upwardly away from the body, a pair of spaced apart horns integral with, the body extending therefrom upwardly as high as the uppermost portion and on opposite sides of the clamp-forming member, opposed edges of the horns converging from the tips thereof downwardly to points adjacent the minor area of the clamp-forming member, and means integrally joining and firmly anchoring the clamp-forming member to the body at a line of severance within the body permitting detachment of the clamp-forming memher and its complete'emergence from the body readily to be effected by the fingers of a workman grasping the aforesaid major area, with the resulting provision in the body of a cove recess covered and concealed by the clamp-forming member when it is appropriately repositioned and secured same surface out against the outer surface of the body for entry into the clampreceiving incision of 'a higher course similar shingle unit.

3. A shingle unit, cuttable in quantities practically without waste from an elongated strip of roofing material having a width substantially less than twice the overall height of the unit, comprising: a body having parallel side edges, a bottom edge at right angles to said side edges, a clamp receiving incision in the lowe central portion of the body, a pai of spaced apart horns integral with and rising from the upper corners of said body, a .clamp forming member of inverted T 'shape rising from 'the central upper portion of the body, and means integrally detachalily Joining the lower edge of said member with the body, said horns having opposed edges converging symmetrically downwardly to points ad-. invent the lower edge of the member, the horns having other edges diverging downwardly, each of said last-mentioned edges presenting steps complementary to two horizontal edges and two vertical edges of the member.

4. A shingle unit cuttable in quantities with very little waste from an elongated strip of roofing material, comprising: a body having two pairs of long straight sides of equal length and three short straight sides of equal length, the long straight sides of each pair being parallel to each other and at right angles to those oi. the other pair, each short straight side connecting adjacent ones of the long straight sides, two of said short straight sides being parallel with each other and at right angles to the third, said third short straight side constituting the lower edge of the body, and a clamp-receiving incision near 'means integrally joining the clamp-forming member to thpbody for detachment at a line of severance lying within the body.

' JAMES BLACK.

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