US2384465A - Submarine signaling appabatus - Google Patents

Submarine signaling appabatus Download PDF

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US2384465A
US2384465A US2384465DA US2384465A US 2384465 A US2384465 A US 2384465A US 2384465D A US2384465D A US 2384465DA US 2384465 A US2384465 A US 2384465A
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S1/00—Beacons or beacon systems transmitting signals having a characteristic or characteristics capable of being detected by non-directional receivers and defining directions, positions, or position lines fixed relatively to the beacon transmitters; Receivers co-operating therewith
    • G01S1/72—Beacons or beacon systems transmitting signals having a characteristic or characteristics capable of being detected by non-directional receivers and defining directions, positions, or position lines fixed relatively to the beacon transmitters; Receivers co-operating therewith using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S181/00—Acoustics
    • Y10S181/40—Wave coupling
    • Y10S181/402—Liquid

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a submarine signaling device and more particularly to a device for transmitting and receiving compressional waves under water.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide an improved compressional wave sendin and receiving device.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide such a device employing piezo-electric crystals.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide a compressional wave sending and receiving device particularly suitable for small echo sounding systerm.
  • FIG. 1 is a mid-sectional elevation
  • Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional plan view taken along the line II-II of Fig. 1.
  • the device is housed within a casing formed of a shell I having an external flange 2.
  • the shell I is adapted to be secured within an aperture in the hull 3 of a vessel by means of a clamping ring 4 which is threaded on the outside of the shell I as shown and together with the flange 2 holds the unit firmly against th hull.
  • Acoustic insulating material 5, such as rubber, is preferably inserted between the signaling unit and the ships skin.
  • the lower end of the shell which is in contact with the outer water is closed by a diaphragm 6 having special characteristics to be described later.
  • the diaphragm is held in place in the shell I between an inner flanged ring I abutting a shoulder 8 in the inside of the shell and an outer flanged ring 9 pressed against the diaphragm by the threaded ring I0 engaging internal threads in the shell I.
  • the upper or inner end of the shell I is closed by a cylindrical cap II threaded into the shell I.
  • the cap H is firmly screwed down so that the shoulder I2 on the cap abuts th end of the shell I, a rubber gasket I3 being interposed between these two elements.
  • the active member of the signaling device is mounted entirely within the cap II.
  • An inwardly extending fiange I! will be noted in the upper portion of the cap.
  • a plate I8 is fastened to this flange by means of the screws I'l.
  • a cylindrical mass member I. having its lower end hollowed out so that it terminates in a cylindrical shell l9.
  • piezo-electric crystals 20 for example of Rochelle salts, in such amanner as to make them as rigid and as nearly a part of the mass l8 as possible.
  • the interior of the hollowed-out portion of the mass I8 is lined with insulating material such as a thin Bakelite disc 2I and a thin cylindrical strip 22.
  • a group of crystals 20 ar cemented by their ends against the member 2
  • the crystals are firmly held against sidewise motion by slightly wedge-shaped pieces 23 of insulating material which fit firmly against th insulating strip 22 within the shell I8 and the crystals.
  • the insulating blocks'23 are screwed to the shell I9 by means of the screws 24.
  • the crystals 20 have their fiat faces coated with metal foil as electrodes and are separated from each other'by thin metallic strips 25 placed between adjacent crystals within those portions thereof which are within the shell l9.
  • the lower ends of the crystals are free from contact with each other and with any solid element of the unit.
  • the crystals and metallic strips are firmly clamped together whereby the crystals are rigidly fixed to the mass I8.
  • the metallic strips 25 serve to connect adjacent crystals in series electrically. Electrical connection to the group of crystals is made to the external electrode of each of the end crystals of the group by means of the leads 26 and 21 which are brought upward through apertures in the insulating wedges 23, the mass element IS, the plate I6 and the upper end of the cap II.
  • the leads 26 and 21 are preferably Joined into a cable 28 which is made watertight with the cap II by means of suitable packing 29 and the clamping nut 30.
  • the interior of the signaling device is filled with a suitable sound-conducting medium, such as oil, through the filling aperture near the top of the cap II which may be closed by the plug 3
  • a suitable sound-conducting medium such as oil
  • the piezoelectric crystals 20 are firmly fixed to the mass I8.
  • the latter is made large enough so that it will act as a substantially infinite mass.
  • the optimum height of the element I8 measured in the vertical direction, as shown in Fig. l, is one-eighth of the wave length of the compressional waves within the material of which it is made at the signaling frequency or one-eighth plus any multiple of one-half wave length. Since the mass it is substantially infinite in effect, it will remain stationary and the portions of the crystals adjacent the mass will have zero amplitude of vibration while the lower ends of the crystals near the diaphragm 8 will have maximum amplitudes of vibration.
  • the crystal 20 is made one-quarter wave length long below the clamping line and, as has been mentioned, the element It is made oneeighth of a wave length long in order that it may have maximum mass reactance.
  • the space between the crystal and the diaphragm 6 is made less than one-quarter wave length thick in order that no standing waves shall be present.
  • the diaphragm 6 is made substantially one-quarter wave length in thickness in order to provide optimum impedance and loading on the crystal to transfer maximum energy from the crystal to the water.
  • the material of the diaphragm shoul preferably be chosen to have at one-quarter wave length thickness an impedance which is substantially the geometric mean between the crystal impedance and the water impedance.
  • the crystal is of Rochelle salt
  • the diaphragm material one of the phenolic condensation products, and especially a substance known under the trade name of Synthane Grade C.
  • This substance has a specific gravity of about 1.35 and the velocity of compressional waves therein is about 9000 feet per second.
  • sufllcient power output and sensitivity as a receiver can be obtained to make a highly efficient depth sounding system particularly for the measurement of relatively shallow depths when signaling frequencies of 10,000 cycles per second or over are employed.
  • a submarine compressional wave sender and receiver comprising a housing open at one end, a mass element supported therein, a piezo-electric crystal having a longitudinal dimension and bein rigidly fixed by one end to said mass element and a diaphragm closing the open end of the housing and positioned with its inner surface close to the free end of sai crystal, said mass element having a longitudinal dimension parallel to the iongitudinal dimension of the crystal and substantially equal to one eighth, the free portion of the crystal having a longitudinal dimension of one fourth and said diaphragm having a thickness of one fourth, all said dimensions being in fractions of a wave length of compressional waves of the signaling frequency in the respective materials.
  • a submarine compressional wave sender and receiver comprising a housing open at one end, a mass element supporte therein, a piezo-electric crystal having a longitudinal dimension and being rigidly fixed by one end to said mass element, a
  • said mass element having a longitudinal dimension parallel to the lonitudinal dimension of the crystal and substantially equal to one eighth the free portion of the crystal having a longitudinal dimension of one fourth and said diaphragm having a thickness of one fourth, all said dimensions being in fractions of a wave length of compressional waves of the signaling frequency in the respective materials, and a compressional wave conducting liquid filling the space within the housing between the crystal and the diaphragm.
  • a submarine compressional wave sender and receiver comprising a housing open at one end, a mass element supported therein, a Rochelle salt piezoelectric crystal firmly fixed by one end to said mass element, a diaphragm closing the open end of the housing and positioned with its inner surface close to the free end of said crystal.
  • said diaphragm being composed of a phenolic condensation product and having a thickness of substantially one quarter of a wavelength of compressional waves of the signaling frequency in the diaphragm material, and a liquid, compressional wave conducting medium within the casing filling the space between the free end of the crystal and the diaphragm.
  • a submarine compressional wave sender and receiver comprising a housing open at one end, a mass element supported therein, a Rochelle salt piezoelectric crystal firmly fixed by one end to said mass element, a diaphragm closing the open end of the housing and positioned with its inner surface close to the free end of said crystal, said diaphragm being composed of Synthane and having a thickness of substantially one quarter of a wavelength of compressional waves of the signaling frequency in the diaphragm material, and a liquid, compressional wave conducting medium within the casing filling the space between the free end of the crystal and the diaphragm.
  • a submarine compressional wave sender and receiver comprising a housing open at one end, a mass element supported therein, a Rochelle salt piezoelectric crystal firmly fixed by one endto said mass element, a diaphragm closing the open end of the housing and positioned with its inner surface close to the free end of said crystal, said diaphragm having a. thickness of substantially one quarter of a wavelength of compressional waves of the signaling frequency in the diaphragm material and having an acoustical impedance which is substantially the geometric mean between the crystal and the water impedances, and a compressional wave conducting liquid within the casing filling the space between the free end of the crystal and the diaphragm.
  • a submarine compressional wave sender and receiver comprising an open ended cylindrical housing, adapted to be mounted in an aperture in the hull of a ship, a diaphragm of a phenolic condensation material closing the outer end of the housing and having a thickness of one quarter of a wave length of compressional waves of the signaling frequency in the diaphragm material, a cup-shaped cap closing the inner end of the housing, a metallic mass element having a thickness of one-eighth of a wave length secured within said cap, a plurality of piezoelectric crystals firmly secured to said mass element and having a free portion a quarter wave length long, and a compressional wave conducting liquid substantially filling all residual spaces within said housing.
  • a submarine compressional wave sender and receiver comprising a hollow cylindrical shell open at both ends adapted to be mounted in an aperture in the hull of a ship, a diaphragm closing the outer end of the shell, said shell having a threaded portion adjacent its inner end, a cup-shaped cap having a threaded portion adapted to engage said threaded portion of said shell and thereby to close the latter, and a plurality of piezoelectric crystals mounted within said cap, whereby the cap can be removed from the interior of the ship for inspection and replacement of the crystals.
  • a submarine compressional wave sender and receiver comprising a hollow cylindrical housing closed at one end by a compressional wave conducting diaphragm and at the other end by a cap member having concentrically mounted therein a cylindrical mass member ter- I minating at the end facing the diaphragm in a cup, a group of rectangular prismoidal piezoelectric crystals mounted in said cup with vibra-' tional axes parallel to the axis of said mass member and means for firmly holding said crystals in said cup including a plurality of wedges of insulating material shaped to fit tightly between the rim of the cup and the crystals.
  • a submarine compressional wave sender and receiver comprising a hollow cylindrical housing open at one end, a compressional wave conducting diaphragm having a thickness of substantially a quarter wave length at the signaling frequency closing the open end of the housing, a quarter wave length vibratory piezoelectric crystal means loaded at one end by an effectively infinite mass member, means including said mass member for securing said crystal means within said housing with the free end of the crystal means in proximity to said diaphragm and a compressional wave conducting liquid filling the space between the crystal means and the diaphragm.
  • a submarine compressional wave sender and receiver comprising a hollow cylindrical housing open at one end, a compressional wave conducting diaphragm of a phenolic condensation material having a thickness of substantially a quarter wave length at the signaling frequency closing the open end of the housing, a quarter wave length vibratory piezoelectric crystal means loaded at one end by an effectively infinite mass member, means including said mass member for securing said crystal means within said housing with the free end of the crystal means in proximity to said diaphragm and a compressional wave conducting liquid filling the space between the crystal means and the diaphragm.
  • a submarine compressional wave sender and receiver comprising a hollow cylindrical housing open at one end, a compressional wave conducting diaphragm having a thickness of substantially one-quarter wave length as measured in the material at the signaling frequency, said diaphragm closing the open end of the housing, a longitudinally vibratable element having a length substantially equal to one-quarter wave length as measured in its material at the signaling frequency, said element being loaded at one end by a mass member having a length substantially equal to one-eighth wave length as measured in its material at the signaling frequency, means including said mass member for securing said vibratable element within said housing with the free end of the element in proximity with said diaphragm and a compressional wave conducting liquid filling the space between the vibratable element and the diaphragm.
  • a submarine compressional wave sender and receiver comprising a housing open at one end, a mass element supported therein, a longitudinally vibratable element firmly fixed by one end to said mass element, a diaphragm closing the open end of the housing and positioned with its inner surface close to the free end of said vibratable element, said diaphragm having a thickness of substantially one quarter of a.
  • An acoustical apparatus comprising in combination a housing open at one end, a diaphragm closing the open end, a mass element entirely supported in and by said housing, electromechanical energy interchanging means including means firmly fixing the same at one end to said mass element and having its other end free in juxtaposed relation with respect to said diaphragm.
  • a closure for use with an acoustical apparatus comprising in combination a cap member having attached thereto a mass element having securely fixed at one end and thereby supporting an electromechanical energy interchanging means and said electromechanical energy interchanging means having a free end acoustically coupled to a vibration propagating medium.

Description

P 1945- B. M. HARRISON 2,384,465
SUBMARINE SIGNALING APPARA'IUS 5*. f I 7 9 a IO FmJ INVENTOR BERTRAM M. HARRISON FIG. 2
Patented Sept. 11, 1945 SUBMARINE SIGNALING APPARATUS Bertram M. Harrison, Newton Highlands, Masa, asslgnor to Submarine Signal Company, Boston, Mass., a corporation of Maine Application January 19, 1938, Serial No. 185,751 Renewed June 22,- 1939 14 Claims.
The present invention relates to a submarine signaling device and more particularly to a device for transmitting and receiving compressional waves under water.
An object of the present invention is to provide an improved compressional wave sendin and receiving device. A further object of the present invention is to provide such a device employing piezo-electric crystals. A further object of the present invention is to provide a compressional wave sending and receiving device particularly suitable for small echo sounding systerm.
A form of the present invention is shown in the accompanying drawing in which Fig. 1 is a mid-sectional elevation and Fig. 2 is a cross-sectional plan view taken along the line II-II of Fig. 1.
As shown in the drawing the device is housed within a casing formed of a shell I having an external flange 2. The shell I is adapted to be secured within an aperture in the hull 3 of a vessel by means of a clamping ring 4 which is threaded on the outside of the shell I as shown and together with the flange 2 holds the unit firmly against th hull. Acoustic insulating material 5, such as rubber, is preferably inserted between the signaling unit and the ships skin.
The lower end of the shell which is in contact with the outer water is closed by a diaphragm 6 having special characteristics to be described later. The diaphragm is held in place in the shell I between an inner flanged ring I abutting a shoulder 8 in the inside of the shell and an outer flanged ring 9 pressed against the diaphragm by the threaded ring I0 engaging internal threads in the shell I.
The upper or inner end of the shell I is closed by a cylindrical cap II threaded into the shell I. The cap H is firmly screwed down so that the shoulder I2 on the cap abuts th end of the shell I, a rubber gasket I3 being interposed between these two elements.
The active member of the signaling device is mounted entirely within the cap II. An inwardly extending fiange I! will be noted in the upper portion of the cap. To this flange is fastened a plate I8 by means of the screws I'l. Secured to'the plate I6 is a cylindrical mass member I. having its lower end hollowed out so that it terminates in a cylindrical shell l9. Within this shell l9 are mounted piezo-electric crystals 20, for example of Rochelle salts, in such amanner as to make them as rigid and as nearly a part of the mass l8 as possible.
To this end the interior of the hollowed-out portion of the mass I8 is lined with insulating material such as a thin Bakelite disc 2I and a thin cylindrical strip 22. A group of crystals 20 ar cemented by their ends against the member 2| which is cemented to the member I9. The crystals are firmly held against sidewise motion by slightly wedge-shaped pieces 23 of insulating material which fit firmly against th insulating strip 22 within the shell I8 and the crystals. In order to make the assembly still more rigid, the insulating blocks'23 are screwed to the shell I9 by means of the screws 24. The crystals 20 have their fiat faces coated with metal foil as electrodes and are separated from each other'by thin metallic strips 25 placed between adjacent crystals within those portions thereof which are within the shell l9. Thus, the lower ends of the crystals are free from contact with each other and with any solid element of the unit. Within the shell I9, however, the crystals and metallic strips are firmly clamped together whereby the crystals are rigidly fixed to the mass I8. The metallic strips 25 serve to connect adjacent crystals in series electrically. Electrical connection to the group of crystals is made to the external electrode of each of the end crystals of the group by means of the leads 26 and 21 which are brought upward through apertures in the insulating wedges 23, the mass element IS, the plate I6 and the upper end of the cap II. In passing through the cap the leads 26 and 21 are preferably Joined into a cable 28 which is made watertight with the cap II by means of suitable packing 29 and the clamping nut 30.
The interior of the signaling device is filled with a suitable sound-conducting medium, such as oil, through the filling aperture near the top of the cap II which may be closed by the plug 3|.
Considering, now,. the acoustical features of the device according to the invention, it has already been mentioned that the piezoelectric crystals 20 are firmly fixed to the mass I8. The latter is made large enough so that it will act as a substantially infinite mass. The optimum height of the element I8 measured in the vertical direction, as shown in Fig. l, is one-eighth of the wave length of the compressional waves within the material of which it is made at the signaling frequency or one-eighth plus any multiple of one-half wave length. Since the mass it is substantially infinite in effect, it will remain stationary and the portions of the crystals adjacent the mass will have zero amplitude of vibration while the lower ends of the crystals near the diaphragm 8 will have maximum amplitudes of vibration.
The velocity of the free end of the crystals 20 at signaling frequencies of 10,000 cycles per second or over is too high to make it possible to obtain efllcient transfer of power to the water directly. For this reason an impedance-matching transformer is required between the crystal and the water.
The crystal 20 is made one-quarter wave length long below the clamping line and, as has been mentioned, the element It is made oneeighth of a wave length long in order that it may have maximum mass reactance. The space between the crystal and the diaphragm 6 is made less than one-quarter wave length thick in order that no standing waves shall be present. The diaphragm 6 is made substantially one-quarter wave length in thickness in order to provide optimum impedance and loading on the crystal to transfer maximum energy from the crystal to the water. Moreover, the material of the diaphragm shoul preferably be chosen to have at one-quarter wave length thickness an impedance which is substantially the geometric mean between the crystal impedance and the water impedance.
Where the crystal is of Rochelle salt, I have found to be particularly well suited for the diaphragm material one of the phenolic condensation products, and especially a substance known under the trade name of Synthane Grade C. This substance has a specific gravity of about 1.35 and the velocity of compressional waves therein is about 9000 feet per second. In the arrangement described I have found that sufllcient power output and sensitivity as a receiver can be obtained to make a highly efficient depth sounding system particularly for the measurement of relatively shallow depths when signaling frequencies of 10,000 cycles per second or over are employed.
Having now described my invention, I claim:
1. A submarine compressional wave sender and receiver comprising a housing open at one end, a mass element supported therein, a piezo-electric crystal having a longitudinal dimension and bein rigidly fixed by one end to said mass element and a diaphragm closing the open end of the housing and positioned with its inner surface close to the free end of sai crystal, said mass element having a longitudinal dimension parallel to the iongitudinal dimension of the crystal and substantially equal to one eighth, the free portion of the crystal having a longitudinal dimension of one fourth and said diaphragm having a thickness of one fourth, all said dimensions being in fractions of a wave length of compressional waves of the signaling frequency in the respective materials.
2. A submarine compressional wave sender and receiver comprising a housing open at one end, a mass element supporte therein, a piezo-electric crystal having a longitudinal dimension and being rigidly fixed by one end to said mass element, a
diaphragm closing the open end of the housing and positioned with its inner surface close to the free end of said crystal, said mass element having a longitudinal dimension parallel to the lonitudinal dimension of the crystal and substantially equal to one eighth the free portion of the crystal having a longitudinal dimension of one fourth and said diaphragm having a thickness of one fourth, all said dimensions being in fractions of a wave length of compressional waves of the signaling frequency in the respective materials, and a compressional wave conducting liquid filling the space within the housing between the crystal and the diaphragm.
8. A submarine compressional wave sender and receiver comprising a housing open at one end, a mass element supported therein, a Rochelle salt piezoelectric crystal firmly fixed by one end to said mass element, a diaphragm closing the open end of the housing and positioned with its inner surface close to the free end of said crystal. said diaphragm being composed of a phenolic condensation product and having a thickness of substantially one quarter of a wavelength of compressional waves of the signaling frequency in the diaphragm material, and a liquid, compressional wave conducting medium within the casing filling the space between the free end of the crystal and the diaphragm.
4. A submarine compressional wave sender and receiver comprising a housing open at one end, a mass element supported therein, a Rochelle salt piezoelectric crystal firmly fixed by one end to said mass element, a diaphragm closing the open end of the housing and positioned with its inner surface close to the free end of said crystal, said diaphragm being composed of Synthane and having a thickness of substantially one quarter of a wavelength of compressional waves of the signaling frequency in the diaphragm material, and a liquid, compressional wave conducting medium within the casing filling the space between the free end of the crystal and the diaphragm.
5. A submarine compressional wave sender and receiver comprising a housing open at one end, a mass element supported therein, a Rochelle salt piezoelectric crystal firmly fixed by one endto said mass element, a diaphragm closing the open end of the housing and positioned with its inner surface close to the free end of said crystal, said diaphragm having a. thickness of substantially one quarter of a wavelength of compressional waves of the signaling frequency in the diaphragm material and having an acoustical impedance which is substantially the geometric mean between the crystal and the water impedances, and a compressional wave conducting liquid within the casing filling the space between the free end of the crystal and the diaphragm.
6. A submarine compressional wave sender and receiver comprising an open ended cylindrical housing, adapted to be mounted in an aperture in the hull of a ship, a diaphragm of a phenolic condensation material closing the outer end of the housing and having a thickness of one quarter of a wave length of compressional waves of the signaling frequency in the diaphragm material, a cup-shaped cap closing the inner end of the housing, a metallic mass element having a thickness of one-eighth of a wave length secured within said cap, a plurality of piezoelectric crystals firmly secured to said mass element and having a free portion a quarter wave length long, and a compressional wave conducting liquid substantially filling all residual spaces within said housing.
7. A submarine compressional wave sender and receiver comprising a hollow cylindrical shell open at both ends adapted to be mounted in an aperture in the hull of a ship, a diaphragm closing the outer end of the shell, said shell having a threaded portion adjacent its inner end, a cup-shaped cap having a threaded portion adapted to engage said threaded portion of said shell and thereby to close the latter, and a plurality of piezoelectric crystals mounted within said cap, whereby the cap can be removed from the interior of the ship for inspection and replacement of the crystals.
8. A submarine compressional wave sender and receiver comprising a hollow cylindrical housing closed at one end by a compressional wave conducting diaphragm and at the other end by a cap member having concentrically mounted therein a cylindrical mass member ter- I minating at the end facing the diaphragm in a cup, a group of rectangular prismoidal piezoelectric crystals mounted in said cup with vibra-' tional axes parallel to the axis of said mass member and means for firmly holding said crystals in said cup including a plurality of wedges of insulating material shaped to fit tightly between the rim of the cup and the crystals.
9. A submarine compressional wave sender and receiver comprising a hollow cylindrical housing open at one end, a compressional wave conducting diaphragm having a thickness of substantially a quarter wave length at the signaling frequency closing the open end of the housing, a quarter wave length vibratory piezoelectric crystal means loaded at one end by an effectively infinite mass member, means including said mass member for securing said crystal means within said housing with the free end of the crystal means in proximity to said diaphragm and a compressional wave conducting liquid filling the space between the crystal means and the diaphragm.
10. A submarine compressional wave sender and receiver comprising a hollow cylindrical housing open at one end, a compressional wave conducting diaphragm of a phenolic condensation material having a thickness of substantially a quarter wave length at the signaling frequency closing the open end of the housing, a quarter wave length vibratory piezoelectric crystal means loaded at one end by an effectively infinite mass member, means including said mass member for securing said crystal means within said housing with the free end of the crystal means in proximity to said diaphragm and a compressional wave conducting liquid filling the space between the crystal means and the diaphragm.
11. A submarine compressional wave sender and receiver comprising a hollow cylindrical housing open at one end, a compressional wave conducting diaphragm having a thickness of substantially one-quarter wave length as measured in the material at the signaling frequency, said diaphragm closing the open end of the housing, a longitudinally vibratable element having a length substantially equal to one-quarter wave length as measured in its material at the signaling frequency, said element being loaded at one end by a mass member having a length substantially equal to one-eighth wave length as measured in its material at the signaling frequency, means including said mass member for securing said vibratable element within said housing with the free end of the element in proximity with said diaphragm and a compressional wave conducting liquid filling the space between the vibratable element and the diaphragm.
12. A submarine compressional wave sender and receiver comprising a housing open at one end, a mass element supported therein, a longitudinally vibratable element firmly fixed by one end to said mass element, a diaphragm closing the open end of the housing and positioned with its inner surface close to the free end of said vibratable element, said diaphragm having a thickness of substantially one quarter of a. Wave length of compressional waves of the signaling frequency in the diaphragm material and having an acoustical impedance which is substantially the geometric mean between the impedance of the vibratable element and the water impedance and a compressional wave conducting liquid within the casing filling the space between the free end of the vibratable element and the diaphragm.
13. An acoustical apparatus comprising in combination a housing open at one end, a diaphragm closing the open end, a mass element entirely supported in and by said housing, electromechanical energy interchanging means including means firmly fixing the same at one end to said mass element and having its other end free in juxtaposed relation with respect to said diaphragm.
14. A closure for use with an acoustical apparatus comprising in combination a cap member having attached thereto a mass element having securely fixed at one end and thereby supporting an electromechanical energy interchanging means and said electromechanical energy interchanging means having a free end acoustically coupled to a vibration propagating medium.
BERTRAM M. HARRISON.
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US3310129A (en) * 1964-09-08 1967-03-21 Beehler Vernon D Sonar wand
US3783309A (en) * 1972-08-07 1974-01-01 Columbia Res Labor Inc Signal generating device for use with a structure which is subjected to a range of vibrations
US3872332A (en) * 1971-04-19 1975-03-18 Honeywell Inc Composite bond for acoustic transducers
US3939469A (en) * 1944-03-15 1976-02-17 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Detection streamer
US3971962A (en) * 1972-09-21 1976-07-27 Stanford Research Institute Linear transducer array for ultrasonic image conversion
US3980984A (en) * 1972-09-18 1976-09-14 The Bendix Corporation Underwater connector
US4092628A (en) * 1976-07-12 1978-05-30 Western Geophysical Co. Of America Seismic transducer unit for marshy terrains
US4374472A (en) * 1979-09-29 1983-02-22 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Vibration sensor
US4409681A (en) * 1979-03-15 1983-10-11 Sanders Associates, Inc. Transducer
US5406531A (en) * 1993-04-30 1995-04-11 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Low frequency flex-beam underwater acoustic transducer

Cited By (38)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2427348A (en) * 1941-08-19 1947-09-16 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Piezoelectric vibrator
US2430013A (en) * 1942-06-10 1947-11-04 Rca Corp Impedance matching means for mechanical waves
US2452085A (en) * 1942-08-06 1948-10-26 Submarine Signal Co Means for the interchange of electrical and acoustical energy
US2438936A (en) * 1943-10-06 1948-04-06 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electromechanical transducer
US2440903A (en) * 1944-01-06 1948-05-04 Brush Dev Co Underwater transducer
US3939469A (en) * 1944-03-15 1976-02-17 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Detection streamer
US2520938A (en) * 1944-10-07 1950-09-05 Klein Elias Tourmaline crystal transducer
US2538114A (en) * 1944-10-17 1951-01-16 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Thickness measurement
US2481068A (en) * 1944-11-27 1949-09-06 Marconi Sounding Device Co Electroacoustic translator, including impedance matching
US2754925A (en) * 1945-06-15 1956-07-17 Burke Thomas Finley Acoustic impedance element
US2829361A (en) * 1945-10-01 1958-04-01 Gen Electric Electroacoustic transducer
US2601300A (en) * 1946-02-20 1952-06-24 Klein Elias Electroacoustic transducer
US2522389A (en) * 1946-03-16 1950-09-12 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electric power source
US2456294A (en) * 1946-05-15 1948-12-14 Brush Dev Co Underwater sound transmitter or receiver
US2906993A (en) * 1946-05-22 1959-09-29 Raymond L Steinberger Transducer for underwater sound
US2589135A (en) * 1947-04-25 1952-03-11 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Submarine signaling device
US2490236A (en) * 1947-06-17 1949-12-06 Brush Dev Co Piezoelectric transducer
US2567407A (en) * 1948-04-23 1951-09-11 Stromberg Carlson Co Electroacoustic transducer
US2569987A (en) * 1948-10-01 1951-10-02 Cambridge Thermionic Corp Pressure responsive transducer
US2668529A (en) * 1948-10-01 1954-02-09 Theodor F Huter Device for transmitting ultrasound energy
US2943297A (en) * 1950-04-27 1960-06-28 Raymond L Steinberger Multiple element electroacoustic transducer
US2715189A (en) * 1950-09-14 1955-08-09 Acec Apparatus for emitting and receiving elastic waves
US2842686A (en) * 1954-03-03 1958-07-08 Musser C Walton Piezoelectric gage
US2949772A (en) * 1954-12-10 1960-08-23 Kritz Jack Flowmeter
US2931223A (en) * 1954-12-10 1960-04-05 Kritz Jack Transducers for acoustic flowmeter
US2891233A (en) * 1954-12-22 1959-06-16 Francis J Crandell Microseismic detection apparatus and particularly geophones therefor
US2968302A (en) * 1956-07-20 1961-01-17 Univ Illinois Multibeam focusing irradiator
US3079584A (en) * 1959-10-23 1963-02-26 Claude C Sims High pressure piezoelectric hydrophone with tungsten backing plate
US3278771A (en) * 1961-06-29 1966-10-11 William J Fry High power piezoelectric beam generating system with acoustic impedance matching
US3310129A (en) * 1964-09-08 1967-03-21 Beehler Vernon D Sonar wand
US3872332A (en) * 1971-04-19 1975-03-18 Honeywell Inc Composite bond for acoustic transducers
US3783309A (en) * 1972-08-07 1974-01-01 Columbia Res Labor Inc Signal generating device for use with a structure which is subjected to a range of vibrations
US3980984A (en) * 1972-09-18 1976-09-14 The Bendix Corporation Underwater connector
US3971962A (en) * 1972-09-21 1976-07-27 Stanford Research Institute Linear transducer array for ultrasonic image conversion
US4092628A (en) * 1976-07-12 1978-05-30 Western Geophysical Co. Of America Seismic transducer unit for marshy terrains
US4409681A (en) * 1979-03-15 1983-10-11 Sanders Associates, Inc. Transducer
US4374472A (en) * 1979-09-29 1983-02-22 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Vibration sensor
US5406531A (en) * 1993-04-30 1995-04-11 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Low frequency flex-beam underwater acoustic transducer

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