US2384435A

US2384435A - Fortable cutting tool

Info

Publication number: US2384435A
Authority: US
Publication date: 1945-09-11
Anticipated expiration: 1962-09-11

Description

Sept 11, 1945. A. G. BoDlNE, .1R 2,334,435'

PORTABLE CUTTING TOOL Filed Dec. 18, 1942 FOP THE FIRM ATTORNEY@ Patented Sept. l1, 1945 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE POBTABIE'CU'ITING TOOL 'Appleman m 1s, 194e, seran N. 9,141

as M (ci. ,1u-s4) My invention relates to a portable tool, and, since it nds particular utility in cutting operations, embodiments of my invention well adapted for such use will be hereinafter described, it being understood that my invention is not limited to such use. A

This application is a continuation-impart of my copending application Serial No. 397,252, iiled June 9, 1941, for Method and apparatus for cutting pipe.

Power driven hand tools now available are either driven by an electric motor portable with the tool or driven through' a ilexible mechanical connection, such as a cable rotating in a conduit and connected to a motor remote 'from the tool. Tools of the former class are n bulky and heavy, preventing their use in many places. such as corners, and causing early fatigue to the operator. Tools of the latter type are restricted in their use by the lack of complete iiexibility in the driving connection and require frequent repairs due to the considerable number of their moving parts.

It is an object of my invention to provide a portable tool which is light in weight, compact in form, and which utlizes relatively few moving parts, none of which is so delicate as to require frequent repair or replacement. It is another object of my invention to provide such a portable tool with its source of driving energy remote from the tool, so that the driving means need not be carried by the operator, and with energy trans mitting means connecting the source of the energy to the tool, which means is completely ilexible.

It is still another object of my invention to provide such a tool and drive means therefor in which a large amount of energy can be transmitted and expended in the performance of work with a high degree of eiiiciency.

In the performance of different kinds of work, for example. in the cutting of different materials, it is desirable that the amplitude and speed of movement of the cutting tool be varied. It is an object of my invention to provide a portable tool in which the speed and amplitude of movement of the driven member may be quickly and easily varied between wide limits while the tool is being operated.

It is another object of my invention to provide a portable tool in which the force applied to the driven member is automatically increased when the resistance to motion of the driven member is increased and in which the motion of the driven member is substantially simple harmonic motion, whereby the driven member may be reciprocated at extremely high velocities without My invention contemplates the utilization of sonic and supersonic-energy in the accomplishment of the foregoing objects.

During Ithe on of sound vwaves through an elastic medium, the movement of the particles of the medium is a local movement consisting of small reciprocations in the direcf tion of on of the sound waves in a manner similar to the reciprocation of the sound wave generating devices. M y invention contemplates the ampliiioaon of such movement of the particles so that their movement is greater than the movement of the sound generating devices. This is accomplished in accordance with my invention by establishing within the transmitting medium a resonant condition in which Y a large portion of the energy generated is stored inthemedimnbythereilectionofthesound waves in a manner to reinforce those originating with the generator and thus establish within the medium a standing or stationary wave. Such a standing wave has considerably larger amplitude than the single smmd waves transmitted, so that its wave fronts are very steep, and the velocity and acceleration of the particles of the wavetransmitting medium at the maximum velocity variation zones are very great, and the rate of change of pressure within the wave-transmitting medium at the pressure variation zones is greatly enhanced in value.

My invention contemplates that the sound wave generator shall be located remote from the tool and the soimd waves transmitted to the tool through an elastic medium, such as a iluid, for example, oil or water, in a flexible conduit, and that the sound wave generator shall be readily adjustable as to both the frequency and amplitude oi' the sound waves generated, so that a condition of resonance can be established within the iiuid column and the driven member reciprocated with the desired amplitude.

Embodiments of my invention capable of accomplishing the objects and providing the advantages herein stated and others which will be made apparent hereinafter are described in the following speciiication, which may be better understood by reference to the accompanying drawing, in which Fig. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of the actuating means for the cutting tool shown in Fi l;

ig. 3 is a side elevational view of one form of cutting or driven member which may be employed in the use of my invention;

Fig. 4 is a side elevational view of another form of cutting or driven member which may be employed in the use of my invention;

Fig. 5 is a sectional view taken as indicated by the line 5-5 of Fig. 4:-

Fig. 6 a diagrammatic view of a stationary or standing sound wave in a fluid column;

Fig. 7 is a fragmentary plan view of a modified form of driven memiber connection for the tool of my invention;

Fig. 8 is a sectional view taken as indicated by the line 8 8 of Fig. 7;

Fig. 9 is a wiring diagram of 'the control means by which the frequency and amplitude of the sound waves generated may be varied; and

Fig. 10 is a fragmentary plan view of a second modified form of driven member connection for the tool of my invention.

Referring to the drawing, which is for illustrative purposes only, the numeral II indicates a tool, which includes a handle I2 and a body I3. The handle I2 is provided with a fluid passage I4, preferably cylindrical in cross section, and the body I3 is provided with a cylinder I 5 of the same cross-sectional area, and form as the passage I4 and, as illustrated in Fig. 1, coaxial therewith.

Positioned within the cylinder I5 is a piston I6 provided with annular sealing passages I1 in which rings adapted for sliding engagement with the wall of the cylinder I5 may be installed if desired. 'I'he piston I6 extends outwardly of the cylinder I5 through an enlarged cylindrical chamber I8 formed in the outer end of the body I3. A cap member I9 formed of two semi-cylindrical portions and having a cylindrical bore of the same diameter as the cylindrical chamber I8 is threaded upon the end of the body I3 and is provided With an inwardly extending flange 2| defining a central opening, square in outline, through which an extension I6a of the piston I6 projects, such extension being square in cross section.

A first compression spring 22 is positioned in the cylindrical chamber I8 with one end engaging the flange 2I and the other end engaging a collar 23 formed on the extension I6a. A second compression spring 24 is positioned in the cylindrical chamber I8 with one end engaging the collar 23 and the other end engaging an annular wall 25 separating the chamber I6 from the cylinder I5.

Outwardly of the collar 23 the extension I6a is provided with a second collar 26 adapted for retaining a chuck 21 on the end of the piston I6. The chuck 21 includes a sleeve 28 having slots 29 therethrough a't its forward end providing gripping members 36. 'I'he sleeve 28 includes an enlarged portion 3| at its opposite end into which a locking collar 32, consisting of two semi-cylindrical portions, is threaded so that the second collar 26 is locked between the sleeve 28 and the collar 32. 'I'he locking collar 32 is provided with a central opening 33, square in outline, through which the extension I6a projects. An adjusting collar 34 is threaded upon the outer tapered surface of the gripping members 30 so that they may be moved towards each other to clamp a shank of a driven member.

'I'he extension I 6a may be provided with a central opening 36, preferably of cross section other than circular, for the reception of a central projection 31 of cross section of similar outline upon the shank 35 for centering the shank relative to the extension I 6a and preventing their relative rotation.

Formed in the tool body between the liquid passage I4 and the cylinder I5 is a spherical chamber 38, the radius of which is preferably considerably greater than the radius of the cylindrical liquid passage I4 and the radius of the cylinder I5.

As illustrated in Fig. l, the tool I I may be provided with a plurality of'threaded

openings

38 and 40 for the reception of a reduced end 4I of vthe handle I-2, so that the handle I2 may be secured at various angles with respect to the axis of the cylinder I5, and so that two handles may be secured to the body I3 if desired. A plug 42 is threaded into the opening 39 and 4I| when a handle is not installed therein.

Secured upon the end of the handle I2 by a collar 44 is a conduit means 43 having therein a liquid passage 45, preferably of the same crosssectional area and form as the liquid passage I4. The conduit means 43 is flexible and resistant to longitudinal or radial deformation. Suitaible conduit means comprises a hose of fabric or rubber or a combination of fabric and rubber reinforced by metal strands embedded therein or wrapped therearound. The conduit means 43 is connected remote from the tool II to a cylinder 46 in which a piston 41 is mounted for reciprocation. The bore of the cylinder -4'6 is preferably of the same diameter as the liquid passage 45 of the conduit means 43. Attached tothe piston 41 and extending from the cylinder 46 is a piston rod 48 having at its outer end a roller 43 adapted for rolling upon the surface of a cone 50 eccentrically mounted for rotation with and movement axially of a shaft 5I. 'I'he shaft 5I is supported for rotation in

bearings

52 and 53 and is driven by a motor 54 having suitable control means 55 for controlling the starting and speed of the motor 54, which may be carried by the tool I I as hereinafter described.

The conduit means 43, liquid passage I4, spherical chamber 36, and the portions of the cylinders 46 and I5 inwardly of the pistons 41 and I6, respectively, are filled with a fluid, preferably a liquid such as water or oil.

The driven members which are removably secured in the chuck 21 may be of a variety of`forms adapted for a variety of uses. 'Ihe numeral 56 indicates a driven member in the form of a saw having teeth 51 adapted for cutting metal. When the shank 35 is centered in the tool II by the insertion of the projection 31 into the central opening 36 of the piston extension I6a, the sleeve 34 is rotated to clamp the gripping members 36 and thus lock the driven member 56 to the tool I I.

When the motor 54 is energized. the shaft 5I and the cone 50 thereon are rotated. The engagement of the surface of the eccentrically mounted cone 50 with the roller 43 reciprocates the piston rod 48 and the piston 41. The reciprocation of the piston 41 in the cylinder 46 imposes upon the liquid in the cylinder alternate condensation or compression impulses and tension or rarefaction impulses which are trans mitted through the liquid column in the conduit means 43 to the spherical chamber 36. These impulses or sound waves are sinusoidal in form. since the piston 41 is reciprocated with simple harmonic motion. The sound waves transmitted to the spherical chamber 38 are transmitted therefrom to the piston I6 as if originating at a point source which is the center of the spherical chamber 3l.

I'he piston I5 is thus subjected to sound waves generated by the piston l1. The length of the liquid column between the pistons 41 and I5 may be, and preferably is, so related to the frequency with which the piston 41 is reciprocated that a condition of resonance is established within the -liquid column whereby the impulses reflected from the piston I5 reach the piston l1 and are reiiected therefrom as like impulses at that instant when a like impulse is generated within the liquid column by the piston 41.

When such a condition of resonance is established, there is a standing sound wave in the liquid column with maximum pressure variation zones occurring at distances from the ends of the pistons 51 and I5 equal to multiples of a half wave length of sound in the liquid constituting the column and maximum velocity variation zones occurring at distances from the ends of the pistons l1 and I6 equal to odd multiples of a quarter wave length of sound in the liquid constituting the column.

This is illustrated diagrammatically in Fig. 6 in which the distance between the ends of the pistons I5 and I1, represented as AA' and GG', respectively, is indicated for illustrative purposes to be one and a half wave lengths of sound in the liquid column.

Zones of maximum pressure variation occur at CC' and EE' distant from the ends of the pistons I5 and 41 a half wave length. In these zones the velocity variation of the particles of liquid is at a minimum, and the velocity is substantially zero. Distant a quarter wave length from the ends of the pistons I5 and l1 and from the maximum pressure variation zones are zones of maximum velocity variation, indicated as B, D, and F, at which the velocity variation of the molecules of liquid isa maximum, and the pressure variation is a minimum and substantially equal to the pressure caused by the static head upon the liquid in the column.

These zones AA and GG' adjacent the ends of the pistons I6 and I1 are not purely zones of maximum pressure variation, since some movement of the liquid molecules at these zones is caused by the movement of the pistons, but they are zones predominantly of pressure variation,

as contrasted with velocity variation, and may be termed zones of predominant pressure variation.

It will be seen that, when a condition of resonance is established within the liquid column,

'the inner end of the piston I5 is at a zone of predominant pressure variation and is therefore subjected to approximately the maximum pressure variation developed in the liquid column. In response to the variations in pressure thereon that is the effect of the alternate condensation or compression' impulses and tension or rarefaction impulses transmitted to it through the liquid column, the piston I5 is caused to reciprocate in the cylinder I5 with a frequency the same as the frequency ofv reciprocation of the piston 41 and an amplitude that may be very considerably greater than, and if desired, a multiple of the amplitude of movement of the piston I1.

This condition of resonance may be readily established by varying the frequency of the sound waves generated by the piston l1 by varying the speed of the motor 5l by employing the control means 55. The amplitude of movement of the piston I5 may likewise be readily varied by sliding the cone 5l along the shaft 5I relative to the roller 45, and for this purpose a yoke 5I is rotatably mounted upon the shaft 5I and provided with a rack engaged by a pinion Il. The pinion 55 is rotated by a driven gear 5I rotated by a worm gear 52 turned by a motor 53. The motor 53 is energized to rotate the worm gear 52 in either direction by suitable means carried by the tool II and hereinafter described. The worm gear 52 may be manually turned by a `hand-wheel 5l.

It will be obvious that the driven member 55 is reciprocated with the same amplitude and frequency as the piston I5 to which it is connected by the chuck 21 and piston extension I5a. This frequency will vary with the type of work performed by the driven member 55. In use employing the saw illustrated in Fig. 2 a frequence of 1D0/sec. to 1,000/sec. may with advantage be employed the exact frequency depending upon the material being cut.

In the transmission of the sound waves through the liquid column the spring 22 acts as a capacitance and has the eilect of a continuation of the liquid column equal to a quarter wave length of the sound waves in the liquid column. 'I'he spring 2l is identical with the spring 22. The spherical chamber 3l likewise acts as a capacitance and limits the peak or maximum wave pressure in the system.

Since the potential energy available for actuating the piston I5, and hence the driven member 55 adjacent the end of the piston I5, is the sum of the energy due to pressure variation upon the liquid molecules and the energy due to the velocity variation of the molecules, it will be understood that, as the resistance to motion of the piston I5 is increased, and hence the velocity variation of the piston I5 is decreased, the pressure variation is correspondingly increased, causing the end of the piston I5 to assume a position more nearly one of an exact pressure variation zone in the standing wave in the liquid column. Thus any resistance to the reciprocation of the driven member 55 afforded by its use is immediately and automatically met by an increase in that pressure variation tending to move it in that direction in which its movement is resisted.

Furthermore, the driven member 55 is caused to reciprocate with simple harmonie motion, which is that motion best adapted for the maximum velocity and cutting action with the minimum destructive stress upon the driven member and the other reciprocated parts. With such a type of motion it is possible to reciprocate the driven member 56 with a maximum speed without damage to the driven member impossible of attainment with any other form of motion. The saw illustrated in Fig. 2 can therefore perform a cutting operation upon metal, wood, stone, or any desired substance at an extremely high rate.

I have illustrated in Figs. 4 and 5 another form of driven member or tool 55, which may be employed instead of the driven member 55. The driven member 55 includes a shear member 55 having a shank 51 with a central projection 55 for reception in the chuck members 33 and in the central opening 35 of the extension I5a. 'I'he shear member 55 includes also a blade 59, the axis of which is substantially at right angles to the shank 51.

The numeral 10 indicates an anvil member which includes a work-engaging portion 1| and a connecting portion 12. The connecting portion 12 is secured to the tool by a nrst collar 18 which is releasably secured as by a bolt 14 in an annular recess 16 in the tool Il. A second collar 16 is releasably secured by a bolt 11 around the tool adjacent the end thereof.

As illustrated in Fig. 5, the work-engaging member 1| is provided with a surface 18 in substantial alignment with a surface 19 of the blade 89, so that, as the blade 69 is reciprocated, a sheet o! metal or the like between the blade 69 and the work-engaging member 1| is subjected to shear. If desired, the shear member 66 and anvil member 19 may be of such dimensions and the amplitude of movement of the shear member 66 of such magnitude that the

surfaces

19 and 18 not only approach, but overlap each other at the end of the stroke of the blade 69, although such overlapping relationship is not necessary in order to accomplish the shearing action. The movement of the shear member 86 is accomplished in the same manner and has the same advantages as described in connection with the driven member 58.

The portable tool of my invention ls not limited to use as a saw or shearing member, for there may be substituted for the driven

members

56 and 85 other driven members adapted for performing many kinds of cutting or other work, such as tiles, abrasive stones, punches, knives, mica splitting knives, hammers, peening tools, chisels, riveting tools, and the like. Driven members such as sanding, polishing, abrading tools, or the like may with advantage be driven with a reciprocating motion at right angles to or at any desired angle with the axis of the pistony i6.

'I'his may be accomplished by a variety of means, one of which is illustrated in Figs. 7 and 8. in which the numeral 95a indicates-a shank similar to the shank 35 of the driven member 56 but provided at its outer end with a head 90 having in opposite faces slots 8| and 82 disposed in opposite angular relationship with the axis of the shank 85a. Each of the slots 8| and 82 is adapted for the reception of a pin 93. Each pin 83 is connected to a transverse member 84 to which is secured a driven member 85. The transverse members 84 are retained against movement longitudinally of the tool by a yoke 86 secured to the tool in any suitable manner, as for example, in the manner illustrated and described for the anvil member 10.

It will be seen that, as the shank 85a and head I are reciprocated longitudinally of the tool in response to sound waves, the transverse members 84 and the driven members 85 which they carry are reciprocated transversely of such axis with an amplitude varying with the amplitude of longitudinal oscillation of the head 80 and with the angular relationship of the slots 9| and 82 with the axis of the shank 85a. By forming the slots 8| and 82 in opposed angular relationship, the driven members 85 are caused to move in opposite directions, so that the forces upon the head 88 and the tool tending to cause movement of the tool transversely of its longitudinal axis are equal and opposed.

In the preferred embodiment of the invention, I prei'er to control, from a position adjacent the tool both the speed oi' the motor 54 and the operation oi' the reversible motor 63, thus respectively controlling the rate of sonic impulses and the stroke of the piston 41. Fig. 9 shows very diagrammatically one method of accomplishing this, illustrated for simplicity as being a system particularly adapted to direct current operation, though it will be apparent that alternating current operation can be used by substitution oi remote controls on the tool capable oi changing the speed of the motor 54 or operating the motor 63 selectively in either direction.

As illustrated in Fig. 1, a multiple contact switch 81 may be recessed in a rubber grip I8 of the handle I2 and connected to the reversible motor 63 by conductors in a cable 89 carried in a, groove in the grip 98, and a variable resistance may in a similar manner be installed in a recess in the grip 98 and connected to the motor 54 by conductors in a cable 9| likewise positioned in a groove in the grip 88.

Referring particularly to Fig. 9, the multiple contact switch 91 is shown as including an arm 92 formed of insulating material and plvoted at 93, the free end of this arm forming or being connected to a thumb control permitting it to be moved in either direction, as indicated by the double-headed arrow 94. This arm Y92 carries a. main contact 95 connected by conductor 96 to one terminal of the motor 68. The contact 95 is adapted to engage selectively

contacts

98 and 99, which are electrically connected together and connected by conductor |00 to a conductor |0| of the incoming line, the other conductor of this line being indicated by the numeral |02 and including a main control switch |03. The conductor |02 is connected to the other terminal of the motor 63. Correspondingly, movement of the arm 92 in either direction will close a circuit from `the conductor |0| through the conductor I 00, one or the other of the

contacts

98, 99, the conductor 96, and the armature of the motor 68, thus completing the circuit to the conductor |02 when the main switch |03 is closed.

Merely as representative of one method of reversal of the motor 68, I have shown this motor as including opposite-wound field windings |04 and |05 connected together and to the conductor 96 by a conductor 06. 'I'he remaining terminal of the winding |04 is connected by a conductor |01 to a contact |00, while the remaining terminal of the winding |05 is connected by conductor |09 to a contact ||0. The windings |04 and |05 are oppositely wound so that selective energizetion will operate the motor 63 in one or the other direction. The arm 92 carries a contact connected by conductor ||2 to the line conductor |02. If the arm 92 is moved to bring the contacts |09 and into engagement, current will flow in parallel with the armature of the motor 68 to traverse the field winding |04. This current will ilow through conductor |06 through the ileld Winding |04, the conductor |01, the contacts |08, and the conductor ||2.

Similarly, if the arm 92 is moved to bring the contacts ||0, into engagement, a similar circuit will be completed through the ileld winding |05. The arm 92 normally rests in a central position, with none of the circuit-closing contacts in engagement, until the operator desires to increase or decrease the stroke of the piston 41 of the sound-generating means. At this time, heA

moves the arm `|32 to one position or the other and retains it in this position until the stroke is changed to the desired amount, whereupon release of the arm 92 will cause return to its central position. It should be understood that the switch elements are shown merely diagrammatically and that various types of compact switches can be employed in this connection.

To control the speed of the motor Il and. correspondingly, the frequency of sonic impulses supplied to the sonic tool, I can employ any suitable speed-changing means for the motor il. Fig. 9 shows in this connection a shunt-wound motor with an armature connected between line conductors llll'and |02 so as to be energized upon closing of the main switch |03. The field winding is indicated by the numeral III, one terminal being directly connected to thev amature and the other' terminal being connected to a conductor Ill extending to one terminal of a variable resistance 9|. The other terminal of this variable resistance is connected by a conductor ||6 to the remaining amature terminal so that .the eld winding I3 is in series with the variable resistance 90 across the armature. The variable resistance 8l is preferably connected on the handie l2 of the tool Il, as illustrated in Fig. 1. By changing the variable resistance, the operator can change the speed of the motor 5|. The conductors 96, |00, |01, |09, ||2, Ill, and IIB are preferably provided by cables 89 and 9|, illustrated in Fig. 1.

In Fig. v is illustrated a connection for translating the reciprocating motion of the piston I6 into rotary motion which may be oscillating or continuous. The connection includes a carriage member ||8 which is connected to and supported by the tool body I3 in any suitable manner, such, for example, as employed for the anvil member 10. The carriage member IIB provides ways IIS in which a head |20 is mounted for sliding movement. The head |20 is reciprocated by a rod |2| which is clamped in the chuck 21 and has formed therein a cam slot |22 for the reception of a pin |23. The pin |23 is attached to one end of a crank |2l, the other end of which is secured to a shaft |25 mounted for rotation in a. bearing |28 supported by arms |21 attached to the carriage. The shaft is provided with a' suitable chuck, not shown, for clamping a tool.

The amplitude of the piston I6 may be varied so that the shaft |25 is oscillated through as many degrees as desired or rotated continuously.

Whatever form of driven member is employed, its frequency of reciprocation can be readily varied to the desired value, and resonance within the liquid column can be established by varying the speed of the motor 54 through the motor control 55. Likewise the amplitude of movement of the driven member can be readily varied to the desired value while the tool is being actuated, by shifting the cone 50 along the shaft 5| by rotation of the hand-wheel 84 or by operation of the motor 63. In all such uses of the tool of my invention there are attained the advantages of the transmission oi' a relatively large amount of power with a compact, light weight apparatus, the transmission of such power with a high degree of eiiiciency, the exertion of an increased pressure upon the driven element urging its movement automatically as resistance to such movement is increased. the utility of the tool in performing work in conned spaces, corners, and the like, the easy adaptability of the frequency and amplitude of reciprocation of the driven element to the desired values, and the movement of the driven element at extremely high speeds with simple harmonic motion.

While I have illustrated and described the sound wave generator as comprising a motor driven eccentric actuating a piston in a cylinder,

any suitable means of generating sound waves may be employed. such as a piezo-crystal or a plunger or diaphragm actuated by a magnetostriction bar or electromagnet energized by alter. nating current of the desired frequency, and, while I have described the tool of my invention as actuated by sound waves under conditions of resonance. when it is desired for any reason to move the driven member with random varying amplitudes, the frequency of vibration of the sound wave generator may be varied so that resonance does not exist.

While those embodiments of my invention hereinbefore illustrated and described are capable of performing the objects and providing the advantages primarily stated, there are various other embodiments of my invention likewise capable of performing the objects and providing the advantages stated, and I therefore wish my invention to be understood as not restricted to the speciic embodiments of my invention hereinbefore described but as including all of the modifications thereofwhich come within the scope of the claims which follow.

I claim as my invention:

1. In a portable cutting toolI the combination of a primary cylinder; a primary piston reciprocable therein; means for reciprocating said piston in said cylinder; a portable tool body remote from said cylinder, piston. and means and having a secondary cylinder therein; a secondary piston reciprocable in said secondary cylinder; flexible conduit means connecting said cylinders; a liquid column in said conduit means connecting said pistons; and a cutting tool associated with said secondary piston and adapted for reciprocation therewith in response to sound waves transmitted through said liquid column from said primary piston under conditions of resonance.

2. In a portable cutting tool, the combination of: a primary cylinder; a primary piston reciprocable therein; means for reciprocating said piston in said cylinder; a portable tool body remote from said cylinder, piston, and means and having a secondary cylinder therein; a secondary piston reciprocablelin said'secondary cylinder; iiexible conduit means connecting said cylinders; a liquid column in said conduit means connecting said pistons; and a cutting tool associated with said secondary piston and adapted for reciprocation therewith in response to sound waves transmitted through said liquid column from said primary piston. v

3. In a portable tool, the combination of: a primary cylinder; a p ary piston reciprocable therein; means for reci rocating said piston in said cylinder; a portabletool body remote from said cylinder, piston. and means and having a secondary cylinder therein; a secondary piston reciprocable in said secondary cylinder; flexible conduit means connecting said cylinders; a liquid y column in said conduit means connecting said pistons; and a tool associated with said secondary piston and adapted for reciprocation therewith in response to sound waves of substantially sine form transmitted through said liquid column from said primary piston.

4. In a portable tool, the combination of: a primary cylinder; a primary piston reciprocable therein; means for reciprocating said piston in said cylinder; a portable tool body remote from said cylinder, piston, and means and having a secondary cylinder therein; a secondary piston reciprocable in said secondary cylinder; walls delining a capacitance chamber; exible conduit means connecting said cylinders to said chamber; a liquid column in said conduit means connecting said pistons and said chamber; and a tool associated with said secondary piston and adapted for reciprocation therewith in response to sound waves transmitted through said liquid column from said primary piston under conditions of resonance.

5. In a portable tool, the combination of: a primary cylinder; a primary` piston reciprocable therein; means for reciprocating said piston in said cylinder; a portable tool ody remote from said cylinder, piston, and means and having a secondary cylinder therein; a secondary piston reciprocable in said secondary cylinder; exible conduit means connecting said cylinders; a liquid column in said conduit means connecting said pistons; a tool associated with said secondary piston and adapted for reciprocation therewith in response to sound waves transmitted through said liquid column from said primary piston under conditions of resonance; and a handle associated with said body coaxial with said tool.

6. In a portable tool, the combination ot: a primary cylinder; a primary piston reciprocable therein; means for recipricating said'plston in said cylinder; a portable tool body remote from said cylinder, piston, and means and having a secondary cylinder therein; a secondary piston reciprocable in said secondary cylinder; exible conduit means connecting said cylinders; a liquid column in said conduit means connecting said pistons; a tool associated with said secondary piston and adapted for reciprocationl therewith in response to sound waves transmitted through said liquid column from said primary piston under conditions of resonance; and a handle so associated with said body that its axis is angularly related to the axis of said secondary piston.

7. In a portable tool. the combination of: a primary cylinder; a primary piston reciprocable therein; means for reciprocating said piston in said cylinder; a portable tool body remote from said cylinder, piston, and means and having a secondary cylinder therein; a secondary piston reciprocable in said secondary cylinder; flexible conduit means connecting said cylinders: a liquid column in said conduit means connecting said pistons; a tool associated with. said secondary piston and adapted for reciprocation therewith in response to sound waves transmitted through said liquid column from said primary piston under conditions of resonance; and a handle adapted for connection to said body in various angular relationships.

8. In a portable tool, the combination of: a primary cylinder; a primary piston reciprocable therein; means for reciprocating said piston in said cylinder; a portable tool body remote from said cylinder, piston, and means and having a secondary cylinder therein: a secondary piston reciprocable in said secondary cylinder: iiexible conduit means connecting said cylinders, said conduit means having a liquid passage of a crosssectional area substantially equal to the crosssectional area of said primary cylinder; a liquid column in said conduit means connecting said pistons; and a tool associated with said secondary piston and adapted for reciprocation therewith in response to sound waves transmitted through said liquid column from said primary piston under conditions of resonance.

9. In a portable tool, the combination of: a sound wave generator; a portable tool body remote from said generator; walls defining a capacitance chamber; conduit means connecting said generator and said chamber; a driven member carried by said body and adapted for reciprocation relative thereto: and a iluid in said conduit means and said chamber in sound wave transmitting relationship with said driven member.

10. In a portable tool, the combination ot: a sound wave generator; a portable tool body remote from said generator and having a capacitance chamber therein; exible conduit means connecting said generator and said chamber; a driven member carried by said body and adapted for reciprocation relative thereto; and a iluid in said conduit means and said chamber in sound wave transmitting relationship with said driven member.

11. In a portable tool, the combination of: a sound wave generator; a portable tool body remote from said generator; walls deilning a capacitance chamber; conduit means connecting said generator and said chamber; a driven member carried by said' body and adapted for reciprocation relative thereto; a handle for said body; means adapted for securing said handle to said body in various angular relationships with said driven member; and a fluid in said conduit means and said chamber in sound wave transmitting relationship with said driven member.

12. In a portable tool, the combination of: a sound wave generator; a portable tool body remote from said generator and having a cylinder therein; walls defining a capacitance chamber communicating with said cylinder; a piston in said cylinder; conduit means connecting said generator and said chamber; a driven member connected to said piston and adapted for reciprocation therewith; and a iluid in said conduit means and said chamber in sound wave transmitting relationship with said piston.

13. In a portable tool, the combination of: a sound wave generator; a, portable tool body remote from said generator and having a substantially spherical capacitance chamber therein and a cylinder communicating therewith; a piston in said cylinder; conduit means connecting said generator and said chambei," adriven member detachably connected to said piston and adapted for reciprocation therewith; antifa? fluid in said conduit means and said chamber inl .iol d wave transmitting relationship with said p n.

14. In a portable tool, the combination of: a portable tool body; walls defining an arged chamber; a handle adapted for connection to said body in various angular relationships, said handle having a fluid passage therein for communication with said chamber; a sound wave generator remote from said body; conduit means connecting said generator to said passage in said handle; a iluid in said conduit means, said passage, and said chamber, said chamber acting to transmit sound waves as if originating from its center; and a tool carried by said body and adapted for reciprocation in response to sound waves transmitted through said iluid from said generator to said chamber.

15. In a portable tool, the combination of: a portable tool body having therein a substantially spherical chamber; a handle adapted for connection to said body in various angular relationships, said handle having a fluid passage therein for communication with said chamber; a sound wave generator remote from said body; conduit means connecting said generator to said passage in said handle; a fluid in said conduit means. said passage. and said chamber, said chamber acting to tranmit sound waves through said duid as if originating at its center; a tool carried by said body and adapted for reciprocation in response to sound waves transmitted through said iluid from said generator to said chamber; and means associated 'with said body and resiliently resisting movement of said tool relative to said body.

' and means adapted for varying the frequency and amplitude of the sound waves generated by said generator.

17. In a portable tool, the combination of:\ a primary cylinder; a primary piston reciprocable therein; drive means adapted for reciprocating said piston in said cylinder; a portable tool body remote from said cylinder, piston, and drive means and having a secondary cylinder therein; a secondary piston reciprocable in said secondary cylinder; flexible conduit means connecting said cylinders; a liquid column in said conduit means connecting said pistons; a driven member connected with said secondary piston and adapted for reciprocation therewith in response to sound waves transmitted through said liquid column by the reciprocation of said primary piston; and control means associated with said drive means and adapted for varying the amplitude of movement of said primary piston,

18. In a portable tool, the combination of: a portable tool body having therein a iluid passage; a handle adapted for connection to said body in various angular relationships, said handle having a iiuid passage therein for communication with said passage in said tool body; a sound wave generator remote from said body; conduit means connecting said generator to said passage in said handle; a fluid in said conduit means and said passages; a driven member carried by said body and adapted for reciprocation in response to sound waves transmitted through said fluid from rocable therein; means for reciprocating said piston in said cylinder; a portable tool body remote` from said cylinder, piston, and means and having a'secondary cylinder therein; a secondary piston reciprocable in said secondary cylinder; iiexible conduit means connecting said cylinders; a liquid column in said conduit means connecting said pistons; and control means associated with said tool body and operable by the tool operator for varying tina frequency and amplitude of movement of said primary piston.

22. In a portable tool, the combination of:

a sound wave generator; a portable tool body remote from said generator; walls deiining a capacitance chamber; conduit means connecting said generator and said chamber; a piston can'ied by said body and adapted for reciprocation relative thereto; a iluid in said conduit means and saidchamber in sound wave transmitting relasaid generator; and means associated with said generator for varying the frequency and amplitude of the sound waves generated thereby.

19. In a portable cutting tool, the combination of: a primary cylinder; a primary piston reciprocable)y therein; means Vfor reciprocating said piston in said cylinder; a portable tool body remote from said cylinder, piston, and means and. having a secondary cylinder therein; a secondary piston reciprocable in said secondary cylinder; iiexible conduit means connecting said cylinders;

and a liquid column in said conduit means con-A necting said piston and adapted for transmitting sound waves from said primary piston to said secondary piston under conditions of resonance.

20. In a portable tool, the combination of: a sound wave generator; a portable tool body remote from said generator; walls defining a substantially spherical capacitance chamber; conduit means connecting said generator and said chamber; a piston carried by said body and adapted for reciprocation relative thereto; and a iluid in said conduit means and said chamber in sound wave transmitting relationship with said generator and said piston.

21. In a portable cutting tool, the combination of: a primary cylinder; a primary piston reciptionship with said generator and said piston; and control means carried by said tool body and adapted for varying the frequency and amplitude of the sound waves generated by said generator.

23. In a portable tool, the combination of: a sound wave generator; a portable tool body remote from said generator and having therein a cylinder; a piston in said cylinder; conduit means connecting said generator and said cylinder; a saw operably connected to said piston and adapted for reciprocation therewith; and a uid in saidconduit means and said cylinder in sound wave transmitting relationship with said generator and said piston.

24. In a portable tool, the combination of: a sound wave generator; a portable tool body remote from said generator and having therein a cylinder; a piston in said cylinder; conduit means connecting said generator and said piston; motion translating means operably connected to said piston and carried by said tool body and adapted for translating longitudinal reciprocatory motion oi said piston into transverse reciprocatory motion; and a fluid in said conduit means and said cylinder in sound wave transmitting relationship with said piston and said generator.V

25. In a portable tool, the combination of: a sound wave generator; a portable tool body remote from said generator and having therein a cylinder; a piston in said cylinder; conduit means connecting said generator and said piston; mo

tion translating means operably connected to said and said generator.

26. In a portable tool, the combination of: a sound wave generator; a portable tool body remote from said generator and having a cylinder therein; a piston in said cylinder; conduit means connecting said generator and said chamber; a work supporting member so connected to said tool body as to be restrained against movement relative thereto; a shearing member operably connected to said' piston and adapted for reciprocation therewith in shearing relationship with said work supporting member; and a iiuid in said conduit means and said cylinder in sound wave transmitting relationship with said piston. whereby said shearing member is reciprocated in shearing relationship with said work supporting member.

27. In a tool, the combination of: a sound wave generato a portable tool body; a movable member associated with said tool body and adapted for reciprocation relative thereto: conduit means connecting said generator and said movable member; a capacitance chamber in said conduit means: a saw operably connected to said member; and a uid in said conduit means and said chamber in sound wave transmitting relationship with said generator and said member.

28. In a tool, the combination of: a. sound wave generator; a portable tool body; a movable member associated with said tool body and adapted for reciprocation relative thereto; conduit means connecting said generator and said movable member; a saw operably connected to said member; control means adjacent said tool body and adapted for varying a characteristic of the sound waves generated by said generator; and a fluid in said conduit means in sound wave transmitting relationship with said generator and said member.

29. In a tool, the combination of: a sound wave generator; a portable tool body; a movable member associated with said tool body and adapted for reciprocation relative thereto; conduit means connecting said generator and said movable member; a capacitance chamber in said conduit means: motion translating means operably connected to said member and associated with said tool body and adapted for translating longitudinal reciprocatory motion of said member into transverse motion; and a iuid in said conduit means and said chamber in sound wave transmitting relationship with said member and said generator. 30. In a tool, the combination of a sound wave generator; a portable tool body; a movable member associated with said tool body and adapted for reciprocation relative thereto; conduit means connecting said generator and said movable member: motion translating means operably connected to said member and associated with said tool body and adapted for translating longitudinal reciprocatory motion of said member into transverse motion; control means adjacent said tool body and adapted for varying a characteristic of the sound waves generated by said generator; and a uid in said conduit means in sound wave transmitting relationship with said member and said generator. 31. In a tool, the combination of: a sound wave generator; a portable tool body; a movable member associated with said tool body and adapted for reciprocation relative thereto; conduit means connecting said generator and said movable member; a capacitance chamber in said conduit means; motion translating means operably connected to said member and associated with said tool body and adapted for translating longitudinal reciprocatory motion of said member into rotary motion; and a iluid in said conduit means and said chamber in sound wave transmitting relationship with said member and said generator.

32. In a tool, the combination of: a sound Wave generator; a portable tool body; a movable member associated with said tool body and adapted for reciprocation relative thereto; conduit means connecting said generator and said movable member; a capacitance chamber in said conduit means; a work supporting member so associated with said tool body as to be restrained against movement relative thereto; a shearing member operably connected to said movable member and adapted for reciprocation therewith in shearing relationship with said work supporting member; and a uid in said conduit means and said chamber in sound wave transmitting relationshipwith said movable member and said generator.

33. In a tool, the combination of: a sound wave generator a portable tool body: a movable member associated with said tool body and adapted for reciprocation relative thereto; conduit means connecting said generator and said movable member; a work supporting member so associated with said .tool body as to be restrained against movement relative thereto; a shearing member operably connected to said movable member and adapted for reciprocation therewith in shearing relationship with said work supporting member; control means adjacent said tool body and adapted for varying a characteristic of the sound waves generated .by said generator; and a uid in said conduit means in sound wave transmitting relationship with said movable member and said generator.

34. In a device of the character described. the combination of: a cam member eccentrically mounted-for rotation and having circular outline varying in diameter longitudinally of said member;` a driving member mounted for reciprocation responsive to the rotation of said cam member; a driven member remote from said driving member; conduit means connecting said driving and said driven members; a iluid in said conduit means in sound wave transmitting relationship with said driving and said driven members; means for rotating said cam member whereby sound waves are generated in said fluid; and means for inducing relative movement of said cam member and said driving member longitudinally o1' said cam member to vary the amplitude of the sound waves generated in said fluid.

35. In a portable tool, the combination of: a sound wave generator; a portable tool body remote from said generator; conduit means connecting said generator and said body; a driven member carried by said body and adapted for reciprocation relative thereto; a Huid in said conduit means in sound wave transmitting relationship with said driven member and said generator and means operable from adjacent said tool body adapted for varying a characteristic of the sound waves generated by said generator.

36. In a portable tool, the combination of: a sound wave generator; a portable tool body remote from said generator; a driven member carried by said body and adapted for reciprocation relative thereto; ilexible conduit means connecting said generator and said body: a fluid in said conduit means in sound wave transmitting relationship with said driven member and said generator; and reinforcing means associated with said conduit means and restraining said conduit means against radial and longitudinal deformation in response to sound waves in said iluid therein.

ALBERT G. BODINE, JR.