US2380317A - Device for honing spiral grooves - Google Patents

Description

July 10, 1945. J. E. KLINE ETAL 27,330,317

, DEVICE FOR HONING SPIRAL GROOVES Filed Aug. 29'. 1942 5 Sheets-Sheet l I INV ENTOR ATT0RNEY v July 10, 1945, J. E. KLINE ET AL 2,380,317

DEVICE FOR HONING SPIRAL GROOVES Filed Aug. 29, 1942 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 m n ms I vm wma km 1 MW m WW HJIY Mm mm .6 M R MN k Wk km ATTORNEIE.

July 10, 1945. .J. E. KLINE ET AL 2,380,317

I DEVICE FOR HONIiIG SPIRAL GROOVES Filed Aug. 29,. 1942 s Sheets-Sheet 5 IN VEN TORS z i'e 44 M. A TTORNE Y Patented July 10, 1945 r DEVICE rion noume SPIRAL enooyns John'ElKlineg Grossle Pointe'Fa rms, and Charles S."White, Dearborn, Mich, assignors to Micro- I matic Hone Corporation; Detroit, Mich., a corporation of Michigan l I Application August 29, 1942, Serial No. 456,608

' 3 .13 Claims. (Cl.-51--'184.3)

. This invention relates to honing tools andlparticularly to a honing tool .for honing helical slots for producing the lands or splinesin :the inner wall of a tubular element.

vIt has been the practice in the art totmachine grooves in the inner wall of a tubular :ele'nient,

dividual. cutters or breaches whichprogressiyely cut the material from thelwall as the cutters or broaches are advanced through the barrel. A master lead bar is utilized for rotating the cutters or broaches when helical slots are :to be machined on the cylinder wall. The-cutting or broaching operations werenever satisfactory .as' they re quired extreme skill and care. As thHiOO'lS 113110- 1 gressed through the barrel, the cuttings piled up ahead of the teeth and interfered-with the proper presentation of the cutting edges to' the material. i-This resulted in the tearing andigouging of the metal from the wall; whichproduced rough sur- ;faces and recesses of greater depth than desired. vBecause of this rough, uneven width and idepthof slots'between the lands; many ofthe barrels were sodefective that they could not :be used.

In the practice of the present invention, I9. honing tool is employed to finish hone the slotstproduced by the cutting tools so. that, after the finishing operation, smooth and accurate grooves were formed between the lands. In view of the speed in which the honing operation can be'L'ac-" A complished; the honing toolsYam also employed i for generating the complete slot-s betweenthe -landsin a single operation or in a roughing and finishing operation. It was found that theLhon ing of the slot saved'materially in time and tool" :cost and produced extremely accurate lands and 1 grooves withinthe barrel. v- I 7 a The honing tool comprises a :body f'o'r..-sup.porting honing elements consisting of abacki-ng mam and have it partiallyextend tromjthe opposit end.,-:The stones are mounted ,=.a-t ian-ran l conforming to the helix .angle ef the slots between I th lands'and when slots havebeen rough -'}{})'llt. withimthe barrel nQturBi l JdeVicei to have the stones follow theyparticular ieadof the slots. 7

. when the number of yeas s be machined in ftlielbarrel is greaterthan' the ,number {of stones which may be mounted in the body in a plane '55 nism within a tubular extension which is contransverse to the a'xisthereof, aseries of sets of stones are employed each embodying two or'more such as a gun barrel, byxemploying va serieswof-in- I circumferential groups of stones 1 forming a complementary set which engages all of the slots withl .-in,-the barrel. When a number of these sets are u ilized on thetool body, a plurality of different "stones operate in each ;of thegrooves being .ma

chined within the gun barrel. 5

The body is reciprocated through the barrel, the length of the stroke being sufficient to have at :least one complementary set of stones extend from eachend of the barrel during the recipro- L catingmovemen-t. A driving head is mounted on the opposite end of the tubular driving member from that of'the tool body which is secured to a support. Adjacent tot-he driving head an adjustring collar is mounted for operating a rod which moves the adjusting member within the body for controlling the radial position of the abrasive them toward the axis of the tool so that theylwilli stones. The adjusting collar and rod may be actuated by a rod extending throughthe /driving memher which may be axially moved by a rodsecured abrasive stones may have a predeterminedipressure applied thereto during the honing operation and may be moved radially so as tomachine the slots to depth without interrupting the reciprocation of the tool. ,o

;,Garter springs may be employed on the tool hodyfor engaging the stone holders for, urging be retracted when the adjusting member is moved the opposite direction from thatwhich moves .1 "the stones radially. outwardly. The springs may also be employed as wedges for preventing the H abrasive stones from being, free to fall from the .1 11001 body while permitting them to be urged outwardlyof the bodyaxis whenthe.adjus-ting'memtheaxis tothe'bodyjto provide a honing tool with ,a series of sets of stones; each ,set comprising cirscumferential groups of stones outgoij aligned relation but spaced in such-manner that eachstone r is aligned with a slot to be machined in a cylinder; to-provide a honing tool having a body-portion containing a plurality-of sets of .abrasi;ve stones which are disposed o n the helical lead "of'slots whichare to be machined in an internal cylinder a wall and moved radially by an adjusting'mechato that illustrated in Fig. 10, showing a still fur- .1

; to that illustrated in Fig. 14, showing a further adjusting head 2 l.

trolled by a sleeve on the driving end of the tool and operated by a rod extending through the driving member thereof; and, in general, to provide a honing tool for machining helical slots in the interior wall of a cylinder which machines the slots in both directions of reciprocation of the tool.

Other objects and features of novelty of this invention will be specifically pointed out or will become apparent, when referring, for a better understanding of the invention, to the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

Figure l is a view in elevation of a tool embodying features of this invention;

Fig. 2 is an enlarged broken sectional view of the driving end of the tool illustrated in Fig. 1; Fig. 3 is an enlarged broken sectional, view of the tubular extension of the driving end atth'e junction therebetween; I

-. Fig. 4 is a broken sectional view of the tool 'body'illustrated on the tool of Fig. 1;

- Fig. 5 is a sectional view of the structure illustrated in Fig. 4, taken on the line 5+5thereof;

tion to hone a gun barrel;

Fig. 9 is an enlarged broken sectional view 0 the tool illustrated in the machine of Fig. 8;

Fig. 10 is an enlarged broken sectional view through one of the abrasive stones and the tool illustrated in Fig. 8,;

Fig. 11 is a sectional view of structure, similar *to that illustrated in Fig. 10, showing a further form of the invention; 1

Fig. 12 is a sectional view of structure, similar ther form which the invention may assume;

-Fig. 1'3 is a broken sectional view of structure,

Fig. 14 is an enlarged sectional view of the structure illustrated in Fig. 9, taken on the linev l4-l4 thereof; and

Fig. 15 is a sectional view of structure similar form of the invention. 7

In Fig. 1, a tool is illustrated. comprising a body to the tool body. Thelength of the tubular 5 element may vary, depending upon the length of the gun barrel or cylinder being machined and the stroke in reciprocation of the tool which is moved from one end of the barrel to the other.

In Fig. 2, the driving end of the tool is illustrated as embodying a tapered shank portion provided with a pair of legs 26 which are secured to opposite points on a collar 24 by a pair ofpins 21. The collar 24 is secured to a pair'of projecting lugs 28 interjacent the legs 26 by a set of pins 29 which produces a universal joint at the driving end of the tool. The lugs 28 extend from a. sleeve 3! which has a pair of bayonet slots 32 for receiving and clamping a pin 33 70 extending through the tubular element 34 of the A sleeve 35 is disposed over the sleeve 3! and is retained in position by a spring-pressed pin 36. When the sleeve is released by the pin 36, it maybe moved upwardly 75' cured by apin 5| to the sleeve 42.

over the driving head 22 to release the pin 33, which then may be turned and removed from the bayonet slot 32.

Within the sleeve 34, a plunger 31 is provided having a slot 38 through which the pin 33 extends. A pin 39 extends through the plunger 31, through a slot 4| in the tubular element 34 and into a sleeve 42. The pin is retained against axial movement by a ring 43 extendingabout the sleeve. A ring 44, secured by a screw 45 to the tube 34, limits the upward movement of the sleeve 42 on the tubular element 34. The sleeve 42 supports a rotatable collar 46 which is provided with an internal thread 41. A plurality of balls 48 lock the collar to the sleeve when the balls are retained in position by a ring 49 se- A sleeve 53 is provided with external threads 54, which are engaged by the threads 41 within the collar 46.

The sleeve 53 is connected by a pin 55 to a block 56, to which an adjusting rod 51 is secured. A spring-pressed ball 58 retains the collar 46 in adjusted position while a spring-pressed ball 59 prevents the axial movement of the pin 55 relative to the sleeve 53 and block 56.

A spring 6| urges the plunger 31 toward the driving element 22 to retract the adjustingrod 51 when it is desired to contract the abrading members. The pin 55 extends through a slot 62 in the tubular element 34 and transmits-move ment from the plunger 31, pin 39, to the sleeves 42 and 53 to the pin 55 and rod 51. The-plunger 31 may be moved axially by a rod 63 which extends through the collar 24 in the adjustinghead 22 and through the end of the tapered driving shank 25.

In Fig. 3 the structure employed toconnect the end of. the driving element 2! to the tubular extending element 23 is illustrated. The tubular element 34 has a sleeve 64 thereover, which is secured thereto by, a spring-pressed pin 65.

When the sleeve is released, it may be moved to the right to permit the enlargedend 66 of the tubular element 23 to project over the tubular element 34 and to be screwed upon the thread 61 thereof. A key 68 is then inserted ina slot through the enlarged end 66 into a recess 69 in the tubular element 34. The sleeve-64 is then moved over the key and sleeve 34 to a positionon the enlarged end 66 at which it is secured by the pin 65. Q

Additional sections of the tubularv element 23 may be added between the body'portion 20 :and

. the adjusting head 2| following the teaching of the J. E. Kline application, Serial No. 369,925, filed December 13, 1940, which matured as Patent No. 2,343,013, February 29, '1944, and assigned to the assignee of the present invention.

Referring to Figs. 4 to '7, inclusive, the tubular element23 has a ball end H secured thereto to form a universal connection with the body 12 of the tool portion 20. The ball end is secured to the body I2 by a ring 13 and a locking ring 14, which is secured in position by a ring 15. The adjusting rod 51 has a ball end 16 which is secured in a spherical recess 11 in the block 18. A rod 19 is threaded into the block 18 and is secured in position by a pin 8|.

The rod has a plurality of frusto-conical elements 82 secured thereon by a pair of nuts 83. A universal connection is formed inthis manner between the tool body 2! and the driving element 23 which, with the universal connection at the driving head '2, permits the misalignment of the work with The $001 e is provided withapertures '84 having bushings 85 therein through-which pinsv 86 extend which aresecured to the stone holders 81' towhich stones 88 are-secured. The stones- 88 are urged inwardly'by the plurality of garter springs 89 which engage the-holders 8'1.-

Referring'to Fig-5, the; stone holders 8! are illustratedas being grouped in a planeas-close together as possible, permitting eight holdersto be mountedon the circumference of the body. When 24 slots are to bemachined in a rifle barrel, three sets of eight stones eachwill make up a group to machineall of the Zslot-s. The set 9| is offset from the-group, which is offset from the set .93- a distance equa l to the pitch of the lands, sothat all three setsof stones will I adjusting element I25, which is axially movable,

control the radial position of the stones.

machine all of the 24 slots' within the barrel.

Additional groups 94 and- 95' of the stones are provided in the-tool body so that a plurality of stones will operate in. each of-the. grooves. The hone ispreferably operated in--reciprocation within the gun barrel throughout the length thereof and to such a degree-astohave a group of the stones project from either end of the barrel at the end of eachfstroke; A- -plurality'of spring-'pressed'pins 96 areprovided'onthe entering end of the hone for engaging'the slots which were roughed in the barrel 'pr'iorto the honing operation, for turning the honein accordance with the lead of the slot as the hone is advanced through the barrel. Blocks 91. may also be employed on the body of the tool for resting upon the top of the lands to supportthe weight of the I In Fig." 8 a' honing toolfflllll is illustrated'sup ported on a shaft I02 which isattached to a head I03. The attaching colla'rfIM may freely'turn within the head was to permit the'tool to-follow the 'slotswhich have been roughed in the bore as it is reciprocated Within a barrel I052 The barrel issupported on thefixtures I and I01,

the latter of which is'provided with an extending disposed 120 degrees apart.

ployed for locking the stones in position.

stone and theholdera I is provided with a plurality of conical surfaces I26 which produce the outward movement and A spring I2! is mounted in the 'end of the tubular body I2I' for urging the adjusting element to the left out of engagement with the stone holders I23. I 7

While, in Figs. 4 and 9, the stone holders are illustrated as being mounted on an angle equal to that of the lead of the slot to be machined in the gun barrel, in Fig. 13 the stone holders are of rectangular form with the longitudinal axis disposed on the axis of the tool body. The stones WI aresupported on the stone holders I28 at an angle conforming to that of the, helical lead of the slots to be machined.-

In Fig. the stone holder mend stone I24 cept the outer abrasive face. When small stones are employed' to' hone slots in a barrel of small diamewr, the sheath on the stones adds strength thereto while eliminating the joint between the In Fig. 14 the tool body I2I is illustrated as being provided with the stones I24 which are This tool wasconstructed to operate on a small gun barrel having nine grooves, so that three sets of three stones constitute a complementary set which will machine all of the grooves. Each setofthree stones is offset from the other an amount equal to the portion I08 to forma support for the end of the tool when the tool is-withdrawn from the barrel. 7

The base I09 of the machinelsupports a cylinder III which reciprocates'arod IIZfancl the head I03 which ismounted upon the carriage H3. A cylinder H4 is provided on the he'ad- I03 havingflexible-conduits H5 and H6 connected thereto for controlling the position of 'thepiston within the cylinder which operatesan, adjusting rod for axially moving the rod 51" within .the

tool for producing, pressure and expansion on the abrasive stones. the stones is illustrated as extendingfrom the muzzle of the gun at the end of the reciprocating v stroke of the honing tool to the left as viewed in the'figure. A similar group of stones on the opposite end of the tool will project from the breach end of'the barrel at the end of the following stroke in the'opposite direction.

When thetool is to be employed for roughing and finishingthe slots within the gun barrel, the pins 96 may be omitted and an attaching device is, employed for producing the rotation of the tool as it is moved in reciprocation. Such a device is illustrated in the application of J. E.

A group 91, 92, and.,93' of Kline, Serial No.,455,'712, filed August'22, 1942,

and assigned toithe assignee of the present invention."

In Fig. 9 a form of tool is illustrated which may be employed on gun barrels of small diameters. The body I2I is a tube having a plurality of slots I22 therein in which the stone holders I23 supporting the stones I24 are secured. An

pitch of the lands so that each of the stoneswill be alignedrwith one'of the nine grooves. Several groups of three sets of stones are employed along" the'tool body so that several of the stones will contact each of the slots.

In Fig. 15 a tool body I30 is illustrated which is similar-to the tool body IZI with the excel)- tionthat helical slots I39 are provided in the body of the tool which conform in lead angle and depth to that of the roughed out lands formed by the rough machining operation with which they engage to guide the tool in rotation as the tool'is advanced through the gun barrel.

. The tool ofthe present invention-may be em ployed to finish honing the slots which have been rough'cut in a gun barrel to produce'smooth bottom and side walls which are of accurate width and depth. The tools may also'be employed to' generate the entire depth of slot when rotated in timed relation to its reciprocation. This is made possible by the application of pressure to the stones formoving them radially during the time the honing tool is reciprocated. The'honing operation occurs, in both directions of movement of the tool in reciprocation, and there is no danger of deforming'the walls of the slotsat any point. The honing operation for generating and finishing the slots produces a material saving in time over theme of thecutting and 'broa'ching t001s.- The honing operation produces accurate slots, having smoothside walls and bottom, which are ofexact width and depth.

The stones 88 or I24, herein referred to, may

be made of a bonded abrasive materialor of diamond impregnated material.. A file-like cutting block may be employed when capable of machiming in both directions of movement. Such machining materially reduces the time required to machine the grooves to desired depth.

What is claimed is:

1. A honing tool including, in combination, a

tool body, a plurality of groups of abrasive elements circumferentially disposed on said body, the elements of certain of said groups being aligned with elements of others of said groups on a helix about the body axis, and spring-pressed pins extending from the body for registering said body to accord with the lead of a similar helix to be honedin a workpiece. 2. In a honing tool, a tool body, a plurality of groups of elongated independently movable abrasive elements, each group comprising sets of elements disposed circumferentially of the body, with the elements of one set disposed on helices spaced from. the helices on which the elements of the other sets are disposed.

3. In a honing tool, a tool body, a plurality of groups of abrasive elements, each group comprising sets of elements disposed circumferentially of the body, with'the elements of each set spaced axially and disposed on helices spaced from the helices on which the elements of the other sets in the same group are disposed, the elements in the same group are disposed, guide means on'said I tool body engaging helical grooves in the workone group being disposed on the same helix as i that on which the elements of another group are disposed.

4. In a honing tool, a tool body, a plurality of groups of abrasive elements, each group comprising sets of elements disposed circumferentially of the body, with the elements of each set spaced axially and disposed on helices spaced from the helices on which the elements of the other sets in the same group are disposed, the elements in one group being disposed on the same helix as that on which the elements of another group are disposed, and means within said body for radially moving the elements of all of the groups simultaneously relative to the tool body.

5. In a honing tool, a tool body, a plurality of groups of abrasive elements, a group comprising sets of elements disposed circumferentially of the body, with the elements of each set spaced axially and disposed on helices spaced from the helices on which the elements of the other sets in the same group are disposed, and guide means on said tool body engaging helical grooves in the workpiece for rotating said body into alignment therewith as it is moved axially.

6. In a honing tool, a tool body, a plurality of groups of abrasive elements, each group comprising sets of elements disposed circumferentially of the body, with the elements of each set spaced axially and disposed on helices spaced from the helices on which the elements of the other sets in the same group are disposed, and supporting elements on said body engaging the lands between the grooves being machined for supporting the body thereon.

'7. In a honing tool, a tool body, a plurality of groups of abrasive elements, each group comprising sets of elements disposed circumferentially of the body, with the elements of each set spaced axially and disposed on helices spaced from the helices on which the elements of the other sets in piece for rotating said body as it is moved axially, and supporting elements on said body engaging the lands between said grooves.

8. In a honingtool, a tool body, an abrasive stone'on said body, said body having a circumferential slot adjacent to said stone with a sloping wall opposite to the stone end, and a spring in said slot engaging the end of said stone and applying pressure along its longitudinal dimension.

9. In a honing tool, a tool body, an abrasive stone on said body, said body having a circumferential slot adjacent to said stone with a sloping wall opposite to thestone end, and a garter spring disposed circumferentially of saidbody so as to project into said slot andbe forced against the stone end by said sloping wall.

10. In a tool, a set of spaced radial machining elements circumferentially disposed on helices about the tool axis, a second set of spaced radial machining elements axially offset from said first set of elementsand circumferentially disposed on helices about the tool axis in spaced relation to said first helices, and a third set of spaced machining elements axially offset from said first and second sets of elements which are disposed on helices differing from the helices on which theelements of said first and second sets are disposed.

'11. In a tool, a set of spaced radially adjustable machining elements cirCumferentially disposed on helices about the tool axis, a second set of spaced radial adjustable machining elements axially offset from said first elements and circumferentially disposed on helices about the tool axis in spaced relation to said first helices, and a third set of spaced. radially adjustable machining elements axially ofiset from said first and second said sets of elements which are disposed on the helices thereof.

12. In a honing tool including, in combination, a tool body, a plurality oi sets of abrading elements carried by said body for radial adjustment, each set embodying a plurality of circumerentially aligned abrading elements havingv their longitudinal axes disposed on spaced helices about said body, the elements inone set falling on helices spaced from the heliceson which the elements of an adjacent set are.aligned, said plurality of sets forming a group of elements which hone all 'of a plurality of closely adjacent helical slots to longitudinal axes disposed on spaced helices about said body, the elements in one set falling on helices spaced from the helices on which the elements of an adjacent set are aligned, said plurality of sets forming a group of elements which hone all of a plurality of closely adjacent helical slots to be honed, and a second'group of sets of elements mounted on said body to have a plurality'of said abrading elements operate in each of said helical slots to be honed.

JOHN E. KLINE. CHARLES S. WHITE.

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