US2380229A - Directional aerial - Google Patents

Directional aerial Download PDF

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Publication number
US2380229A
US2380229A US455378A US45537842A US2380229A US 2380229 A US2380229 A US 2380229A US 455378 A US455378 A US 455378A US 45537842 A US45537842 A US 45537842A US 2380229 A US2380229 A US 2380229A
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United States
Prior art keywords
aerial
impedance
hexagonal
conductor
aerials
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Expired - Lifetime
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US455378A
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English (en)
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Gamet Pierre Paul
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication of US2380229A publication Critical patent/US2380229A/en
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q11/00—Electrically-long antennas having dimensions more than twice the shortest operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q11/02—Non-resonant antennas, e.g. travelling-wave antenna
    • H01Q11/06—Rhombic antennas; V-antennas

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a directional aerial without a reflector as used, for transmitting or receiving more particularly short or very shorter even ultra-short waves by means of conductors traversed by progressive waves.
  • aerials with four radiating elements or strands arranged in the form of a lozenge, two of the said radiating strands being connected each to a wire of the bipolar feeder while the two other radiating strands are connected with an impedance the value of which is equal to the characteristic impedance so as to avoid wave reflections
  • the aerials of this type offer various drawbacks and more particularly the following:
  • the radiating diagrams of the said aeria comprise secondary follicles which radiate in a prejudicial direction; for this reason these follicles are troublesome and diminish the energy transmitted by the aerial in the preferred selected direction.
  • the present invention has more particularly for its object to remedy the said drawbacks in a certain measure and to reduce the secondary radiating follicles so as to" insure a higher energy in the preferred selected direction.
  • Figure 1 is a diagrammatic representation showing the elements of my aerial with its feeding system.
  • Figure 2 is a diagram of the aerial showing the direction of .the currents flowing through the various conductors.
  • Figure 3 is a diagrammatic perspective view of my aerial.
  • Figure 4 is a three-dimensional polar radiation diagram of the aerial.
  • Figure 5 is a two-dimensional polar radiation diagram in a horizontal plane.
  • Figure 6 is a two-dimensional polar radiation diagram in a vertical plane.
  • FIGS 7 and 8 show diagrammatically two forms of embodiment of the invention
  • Figure 9 shows diagrammatically a composite array or net of aerials according to the present invention.
  • Figure 10 shows another composite array or net of aerials according to the present invention.
  • the aerial of the present invention (see Figures 1 to 3) is formed of a conductor I, 8 serially followed by a c0nduct0r 8, 9 itself serially followed in turn by a conductor 9, II). To the end In of this latter conductor is connected a terminating impedance H which is equal to the characteristic impedance of the aerial.
  • All these conductors may have any length, but
  • this length is generally equal to a wave length or to a multiple of the wave length.
  • the array of the said conductors with the characteristic terminating impedance ll forms a broken line having the form of a convex regular hexagon the extremities 1 and I5 of which are connected to the conductors l6 and ll of a bipolar feeder which connects the said aerial with the high-frequency generator I8.
  • the generator l8 (see Figure 1) delivers highfrequency energy to the feeder l6, H, the characteristic impedance of which is equal to the impedance presented by the aerial between the.
  • the propagation is of the form Be t where P is the propagation constantvand B' an amplitude coefficient.
  • Such a wave is a progressive wave characterthe time and X ized by an amplitude the effective valueof which. regularlydecreases along the line'and thephase **d by the currents I2 and I5 at a point M (see Figure 3) of zenith distance and of a colatitude is of the form:
  • the maximum radiation angle in the vertical plane is shown by 'y.
  • Figures 5 and 6 show the polar radiation diagrams in the horizontal and in the vertical plane respectively.
  • the radiation curve 29 is well as the width of the beam can be modified by adjusting:
  • the aerial has a fairly highaperiodicity, which permits to use it in devices with wide pass bands (transmission and reception of images in television) Numerous changes and modifications can be made in the above described device without departing from the scope and spirit of my invention.
  • the directional aerial can have the form of an irregular convex hexagon (Figs. 7 and 8) provided, however, that it has a perfectly symmetrical form with respect to the axes a: 0: ( Figures I and 3), that is to say that the sides 4
  • the conductors 42 and 45 (Fig. 7) can be made longer than the othericonductors 4
  • the said conductors 42 and 45 can also be made shorter than the other conductors 4
  • the present invention also covers-nets or arrays formed by the grouping of a plurality of the preceeding aerials and permitting to obtain either a better directional efliciency or a betterpower efficiency.
  • is connected withtheinputconductor .61 of the hexagonal aerial] .52 the. output conductor 63 0f the aerial 52'is connected 'with'the input a charconductor of the hexagonal aerial 53 and so on,
  • each of the conductor units 6! and 62, B3 and 54,135 and 56, 6'! and 68 having elements in common.
  • This arrangement offers the advantage that it permits to obtain a very sharp directional radia- It is used effectively in radio beacon systems.
  • aerials in a row ( Figure 10) by replacing the haracteristic impedance of a first aerial by a second aerial the characteristic impedance of which is also replaced by a third aerial and so on.
  • a directional aerial for transmitting or receiving electro-magnetic waves, three equal radiating conductors connected in series and making equal angles with one another, three other radiating conductors equal to one another and to the first three conductors and also making equal angles with one another, an impedance connecting together with each other each said unit of three conductors and thus formin a regular hexagon, and a feeding device connected With said hexagon.
  • a first hexagonal aerial according to claim 2 a second hexagonal aerial the input of which is connected to the output of the first hexagonal aerial, a third hexagonal aerial the input of which is connected with the output of the second hexagonal aerial, a last hexagonal aerial the input of which is connected with the output of the preceding hexagonal aerial while its output is connected to the input of the first hexagonal aerial and a feeding device connected with said net.
  • a directional aerial net a first hexagonal aerial, a second hexagonal aerial identical to the first aerial and the axis of which is perpendicular to the axis of the first aerial, the input of this second aerial being connected with the output of the first hexagonal aerial, a third hexagonal identical aerial the axis of which coincides with the axis of the first aerial and the input of which is connected with the output of the second hexagonal aerial, a fourth hexagonal identical aerial the axis of which coincides with the axis of the third aerial and the input of which is connected with the output of the third aerial while its output is connected with the input of the first aerial, and a feeding device connected with said net.
  • a first hexagonal aerial a second hexagonal aerial mounted in the place of the impedance of the first hexagonal aerial, a third hexagonal aerial mounted in the place of the impedance of the second hexagonal aerial, a last hexagonal aerial mounted in the place of the impedance of the last but one hexagonal aerial, and a feeding device connected with said net.
  • a ring array of a plurality of an even number of antenna units each of said units consisting of two groups each having three conductor elements connected in series, the elements of a said unit being arranged substantially in the form of a hexagon with one element of each group substantially parallel to an element of the other said group thereof, each said unit having a terminating impedance connected across the adjacent terminals of each of its said groups at one end of said unit and of value equal to the characteristic impedance of said unit, said units being arranged in a ring array with impedances on the outside of said ring and with the element of each group of each unit near the center of said ring, at the end thereof opposite its said impedance, being electrically in common with the adjacent element of the adjacent unit near the center of said ring and at the end thereof opposite the impedance of said adjacent unit.
  • a row array of a plurality of antenna units each of said units consisting of two groups each having three conductor elements connected in series, the elements of a said unit being arranged substantially in the form of a hexagon with one element of each group substantially parallel to an element of the other said group thereof, a final one of said units having a terminating impedance connected across the adjacent terminals of each of its said groups at one end of said unit and of value equal to the characteristic impedance of said final unit, aid units being arranged in a row with said final unit at one end thereof, and with the adjacent terminals'of each group of adjacent units being connected together, the impedance of each said unit being equal to the characteristic impedance of the preceding unit more remote from said final unit, and a high-frequency source connected to the free terminals of the groups of the initial one of said units most remote from said final unit.

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  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
US455378A 1941-08-20 1942-08-19 Directional aerial Expired - Lifetime US2380229A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR2380229X 1941-08-20

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2380229A true US2380229A (en) 1945-07-10

Family

ID=9685219

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US455378A Expired - Lifetime US2380229A (en) 1941-08-20 1942-08-19 Directional aerial

Country Status (2)

Country Link
US (1) US2380229A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR961707A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2541021A (en) * 1945-06-04 1951-02-13 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Antenna
US3202995A (en) * 1961-03-03 1965-08-24 Univ Tennessee Res Corp Steerable circular traveling-wave antenna

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2541021A (en) * 1945-06-04 1951-02-13 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Antenna
US3202995A (en) * 1961-03-03 1965-08-24 Univ Tennessee Res Corp Steerable circular traveling-wave antenna

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR961707A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1950-05-19

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