US2379524A - Gas burner - Google Patents

Description

S. H. HOBSON July 3, 1945.

GAS BURNER Filed NOV. 22, 1940 2 Sheets -Sheet 1 l 20 0 0 o o o flgv 0 v M g S. H. HOBSON July. 3, 1945.

GAS BURN ER Filed Nov. 22, 1940 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented July 3, i945 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE D. Roper Corporation,

tion of Illinois.

Application November 22,

13 Claims. (Cl- 158--99) This invention relates to gas burners and is more particularly concerned with a new and improved oven and broiler burner for gas ranges.

Efforts have been made heretofore to provide radiant burners for the reason that the effectiveness of a broilin'g burner depends upon its ability to produce radiant heat and direct this I radiant heat toward the food being broiled. It has long been recognized that the ordinary Bunsen flame produces very small amounts of radiant heat and the only way, therefore, of obtaining the desired results is to provide radiating members which upon being heated by the flames of the burner Will emit radiant heat. It has also been realized that such radiating members would necessarily have to be of small section so as quickly to reach effective operating temperature.

However, it has apparently not been realized that I a radiant type burner would be practical only if the radiant members are located where they. All radiant will not cause fouling of the flames. type burners with which I am familiar were objectionable because the wires or screens serving as the radiant means were located above the ports and when placed close enough to be heated red hot .caused fouling, and any effort to avoid that. difficulty by increasing the space relationship reduced the heating and made the wires or screens ineffective. Furthermore, the radiant screens were usually applied loosely to the burner and therefore free to shift and cause fouling. It is therefore the-principal object of my invention to provide a radiant burner in which the n .wires constituting the radiant members, are preferably but not necessarily located below the plane of the ports and just close enough to be heated red hot, the wires being afiixed between the ports so that the flow of secondary air is not obstructed and there is consequentlyno danger of fouling.

Another object of the invention is to provide a burner in which adjacent ports are on radial lines from a common center and are therefore in divergent relation and the wires constituting the radiant members are also radially disposed with respect to the same center, each wire being midway between adjacent ports. In that way, the wires are also in divergent'relationship to the flames therebetween and although assured of being heated properly are not apt to cause fouling. Still another object consists in providing radiant wires which although entered in holes drilled in a plane parallel to the plane of t e ports are all bent upwardly at an acute angle through the plane of the ports into approximate parallelismwith the general plane of the flames so that the Rockford; Ill., a corpora- 1940, Serial No. 366,517

wires are assured of uniform heating from end to end.

A furtherv object consists in the provision of wires the outer ends of which have enlarged spherical heads provided thereon both for improved appearance and to avoid scratching the hands of workmen inassembling or servicing the range and the housewifes in cleaning the ovens.

The invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings, in which- Fig. 1 is a front view of a portion of a domestic gas range with certain portions broken away to reveal the improved burner of my invention;

Fig. 2 is a plan view of the burner removed from the range:

Fig. 3 is an enlarged sectional detail on the line 3-3 of Fig. 2, and

Fig. 4 is a sectional detail on the arcuate line 4-4 of Fig. 2.

The same reference numerals are applied to corresponding parts throughout the views The burner indicated generally by the numeral 5 has a double arcuate, generally oval or elliptical body 8 similarly to that disclosed in the copending application of John F. Hennessy, Serial No. 211,763,'filed June 4, 1938, which resulted in Patent No..2,25'.i,1'l8, issued August 19, 1941, the one arcuate periphery I being struck from the center 8 and the other arcuate periphery 9 being struck from the center l0 and both centers being on the longitudinal center line ab on which the mixing tube II also lies. The transverse center line c-'d passing through the points of intersection of the arcs I and 9 has the burner-supporting lugs l2 and HI lying thereon, these lugs being preferably cast integral with the body. The mixing tube H is preferably cast separate from the burner body and suitably secured in the neck portion M which projects radially outwardly from the middle of the arcuate portion 9. The inner periphery IS on the inlet side of the burner body is struck on an arc in eccentric relation to the are 9 so that the cross-sectional area of the gas passage in the burner is reduced gradually from the inlet neck it toward the opposite ends of the burner. In like manner, the inner .periphery on the side of the burner body oppos neck H is struck on an arc eccentric relative to the are I, so that the rest of the gas passage in ends of the burner toward the middle. .In that I way, the pressure at all of the orts i substantially e ualize uniform size, instead of being larger nearest the inlet neck H and smallest at the points most reite the inlet and the flames are of substantially .the two arcuate halves of the burner body, the

flames from these ports being indicated by the dotted lines at l1 and I8, respectively, in Fig, 2. Theports I! all radiate from the point Ill and the ports I: all radiate from the point 8. The row of ports I! is interrupted at the neck l4. The distance between the centers of adjacent ports in both rows is the same, the distance being small enough to insure good lighting from port to port around the burner and good flame communication on turndown. Despite this close spacing of the ports, the flames do not tend to blend near the burner'into one sheet of flame and thus prevent good aeration, owing to the fact that the ports are in mutually divergent relationship, as indicated by the radial center lines Ila and I la -1'or the ports [1 and I8, respectively, extending from the centers In and 8 in Fig. 2. The gas after discharge from the ports expands and the dive ging direction of the streams allows for this expansion, while at the same time permitting good access of secondary air to the individual streams. There are external peripheral ledges I! provided by annular ribs cast integral with the body 6,01 the burner above the ports l1 and It, as clearly indicated in Figs. 3 and 4, and the gas issuing from the ports collects under the ledges to insure good communication on tumdown, so-that there is' no difllculty in lighting the burner. At opposite ends of the burner, on the center line H, are ports 20 bisecting the one of the pointed ends and the flame travels in both directions from the port 2|! along the rows of ports I 1 and I8 and finally the ports 22 are lighted by the flame propagated over the face of the burner along the slot 23. The ledges ls aid in flame communication. Good flame communication is also attributable to the close spacing of the ports, but the closespacing does not interfere with good aeration, because the flames diverge relative to one another along radial lines from the centers 8 and I 0, so that the distance between the center lines of adjacent flames increases as the flames project outwardly more and more from the burner with greater and greater turn-up. The condition never arises, therefore, where the flames blend into one sheet of flame with resultant poor combustion due. to poor aeration. in each degree of tum-up, all of the flames enlarge to substantially the same size, owing to the fact that the pressure within the burner body is equalized by reason of the gradual reduction in the cross-sectional area of the gas passage away from the inlet neck I 4.

The three series of wires 24, 25, and 26 coni stltuting .the rad nt members are applied to the burner body 6 between the ports I1, I 8 and 22, respectively,- and in a plane below the plane of these ports, as indicated in Figs. 1, 3 and 4. The wire's 24 and 25 are on radial lines from the centers In and 8, respectively, and therefore the adjacent wires of each series are in mutually divergent relation the same as the ports of the two series I! and I8 on radial-lines from the same center points I and 8, respectively. As clearly indicated in the drawings, the wires 24 and 25 are set in holes 21 drilled in the.burner body 6 1n accurately spaced relationship to the adjacent angles between the endmost'ports l1 and It or the two arcuate series of ports. The flames from other row of ports It, orvice versa. The end ports 2|! are oifset upwardly in relation to the plane of the ports I] and I8 and the ports 2| are provided in the depressions 2| formed beneath the brackets l2 and It, as disclosed in the copending application, the gas collecting in these depressions insuring better lighting across the ends of the burner. The ports I! and I8 are inclined downwardly at an angle of approximately 10 from the horizontal, as indicated in Fig. 3, so that the outer ends of the ports are at a low elevation even though the bottom wall of the bum-- l1 and the row of ports 22. The center lines 22' appearing in Fig.2 indicate the flames from these ports, which will cause suflicient air movement up-, wardly through thecenter of the burner and outwardly over the top thereof to improve aeration above the flames issuing fmm the ports I! and II, even though the burner may be set up close to an oven bottom. The ports 22 also take the place of ports omitted on the external periphery of the burner body at the'inlet neck l4, whereby to insurenniform heat distribution. 4

.-In operation, the burner is lighted usually at ports I! and it. These holes are preferably drilled in the same setup for the drilling of the ports so that there is no difliculty in locating. the holes exactly midway between adjacent ports and at the desired lower elevation with respect thereto (see Figs. 3 and 4). The wires 28 are set in holes 21' the same as the wires 24 and 25, except that the holes for the wires 26 are all parallel to one another and to the ports 22', as indicated in Fig. 2. The holes 21' are, of course, below the plane of the ports 22 to the same extent as .the holes 21 are below the plane of the ports I! and Hi, this lower elevation being indicated in Fig. 2 by the showing of the hOles 21' in dotted outline, whereas the ports 22 are indicated in full lines in the sectioned portion. All of the wires 24, 25, and 26 are preferably pressed into the holes provided therefor and locked in place by means of a center punch, as indicated by the depression 2| in Fig. 3, the metal displaced by the center punch being sufllcient to pinch the ends of the wires, a indicated at 29, and thus prevent the wires from turning or slipping out. It is important-that the wires be held against tumingi because of the fact that after the wires are entered in the holes they are all bent'upwardly through the planes of the ports H, II and 22 to the extent indicated in Fig. 3, the acute angle bend bein'g just enough to havegthe wires 24, 25,

and 26 lie approximately parallel to the plane of the flames from the ports l1, l8 and 22, respectively. In other words, the flames slant upwardly despite the downward inclination of the ports "fl! and 22, and if the wires24, 25, and 26 were not bent upwardly to approximately the same extent, the outer ends of the wires would be spaced too far awayifrom the flames to be heated red hot. With this relationship of the wires to fror'mbest illustrated in elevations with respect to the.

the names, an rtne wires are heated uniformly the generally spherical Fig. 3. This, along with ma es having all or the wires of imifoim length, for neater appearance and the burner has a much more attractiveappearance as a resultof lt lll ration when allof the Wires are glowing, givformed between dies to h efer off radiant heat. The wires are all pr l y' f ineonels-a nickel steel alloy-although m many other rust resistant matega l giiitable for the present purposes might be used. I have found that'No. 12 gauge 'wire gives i factor results. fi g r atien, burner '5 is disposed ma hOl-Z zontai plane in the upper portion or the 'blOl 1:1 compartment under the bottom 32 of the bal ing oven 33-, and, as is well known, thebroi e1 pair a containing a suitable u on whlch the theater other food to be broiledf 1:113:32? v oneo adapted to be placed at any burner, depending kin of food bein broiled and the speed i tl zvhicl i it is desired to broil it, vertically spaced ledges 35 being provided In the broiler, drawer S6 to support the pan '34. The door 3 hinged on the front end of the drawer 36 and provided with a handle 38 serves as a closure for the broiler'co entzl, another door as beill}; provided as a closure for the oven -compartment as. The wires 24, 2s, and 26 do not inter: fere in any way with the operation of the burner 3, because, as previously pointed out, they are placed between the ports 11, t8, :and 22 and below the same so that there is no danger of fouling.- The radial divergence of the wires is ust r din .as important from the standpoint of avor fouling as is the radial divergence of the ports 11 and is from the standpoint of avoiding blending of the names near the bur er rate one sheet offlame, preventing good aeration. The upward inclination of the wires 24, Ziand 26, While mcr'easing the efficiency of heating of these wires, does not tend toward fouling because the up: ward inclination or the wires is not any greatei thanthe natural upward curvature of the flames. The wires promptly after lighting of the burner "become red hot and emit radiant heat, wh1ch, as is wen known, has the property of penetrating and accordingly quickly heating the mass subjected to its action. The ordinary Bunsen" flame produces very small amounts of radiant heat and hence the ordinary broiling hurner not equipped'with radiant members lilte the Wires 24,

-and iii cannot be expected to broil foods nearly as efficiently. Steaks and other means can be broiled with the present burner more thoroughly in less time and are found to be juicler because of the fact that the juices do not have a sumcient opportunity of being dried out. The radiant wires 24, 25 and 26, while particularly intended to facilitate and improve the broiling operation. will, of course, improve the efficiency of the baking, roasting, and other cooking operations carried on in the oven compartment 33, especially where the pans containing such food are placed on the oven bottom 32 in sufiiciently close proximity to the radiant wires to absorb the radlant heat. Where it is desired to more or less confine the effect of the radiant members 24- 26 to the broiling compartment, asheet of alurnlnum foil is provided,- as indicated in dotted lines at 40 in Fig. 1, between the upper and lower walls of the hollow oven bottom 32, such foil having been found to have the prcpertyof reflecting radiant heat with out interfering to any applieciable extent with the heating otherwise of fili oven 33 by ccnductionand convection While I have disclosed the invention as applied to a broiler burner for a domestic gas range, it should, of course, be'understcod that the invention-is not limited to that specific application but may be applied to anyigas burner on a :range'or elsewhere wherever the radiant heat obtained with the invention might be desirable.-

It is believed the foregoing description conveys a good understanding of the objects and advantages :of my invention. The appended claims have been drawn with a view to covering all legitimate modifications and adaptations.

I claim:

1. Ages burner comprising a tubular body naving'an arcuate wall and ports provided in said will in equallylaterally spaced relation, the; ports being on radial lines from the center of the are of said Wall so that all adjacent ports are in divergent relaticn on small included angles, and. elongated slender radiant member's projecting from said wall on radial lines from the center of said are so that all adjacent radiant members are in divergent relation on small included angles, each of said radiant members being located approximatel midway between a pairof adjacent ports;

2.- A gas burner as set forth in claim 1,- whereinthe burner body operates disposed in a substantially horizontal plane and with the adjacent ports thereof in a substantially horizontal plane, and wherein each of said radiant members is 330- sitioned in close proximity to the extended axis of an adjacent gas port and with its air-is in such angular relation to said extended axis as to form a small included angle with a substantially horizontal plane that includes said extended aids whereby the member is substantially parallel with the flame from said port when operating with a full flame and whereby said radiant members are heated substantially from end to end in said flames without fouling the flames.

3. A gas burner as set forth in claim 1, wherein the burner body operates disposed in a substantially horizontal plane and with the adjacent ports thereof in a, substantially horizontal plane, and wherein each of said radiant members projects from the body below the plane of the adjacent ports, but has upward inclination at an acute angle to the horizontal, for the purpose described.

4. A gas burner as set forth in claim 1, wherein the outer ends' of the radiant members are cfenlarge'd substantially spherical form.

5. A gas burner as set forth in claim 1, wherein all adjacent radiant members are of substantially equal length and have the outer ends thereof of enlarged substantially spherical form.

6. A gas burner as set forth in claim 1, wherein each of the radiant members comprises a, wire of corrosion resisting metal, the body of said burner having holes provided therein in accurate spaced relation to the ports to receive the ends of said wires so as to support the same on said body.

'7. In a radiant burner, a substantially horizontal burner element having spaced ports provided therein for directing flames outwardly therefrom, and a. plurality of radiant members of elongated slender form to be heated by the flames and rigidly secured to the burner element so as to project outwardly from said element below but close to the ports, the burner port having downward inclination whereby the flames projecting outwardly from the burner element in the operation of the burner have a predetermined upward curvature, and said radiant members being inclined upwardly at a predetermined angle relativeto axis in such angular relation to said extended axis as to form a small included angle with a substantially horizontal plane that includes said extended axis whereby the member 'is substantially parallel with the flame from said port when operating with a full flame and whereby said radiant members are heated substantially from 'end to end in said flames without fouling the flames,

the outer ends of the radiant members being of enlarged substantially spherical form.

9. In a radiant burner, a substantially horizontal burner element having ports provided therein in a substantially horizontal plane, and elongated radiant members to be heated by the flames of the burner rigidly secured at one end to the burner element in fixed closely spaced relation to said gas ports, each radiant member being positioned in close proximity to the extended axis of an adjacent gas port and with its axis in such angular relation to said extended axis as to form a small included angle with a substantially horizontal plane that includes said extended .axis whereby the member is substantially parallel with the flame from said port when operating with a full flame and whereby said radiant members are heated substantially from end to end in said flames without fouling the flames.

10. In a radiant burner, a substantially horizontal burner element having ports provided therein in a substantially horizontal plane,- and elongated radiant members to be heated by the flames of the burner rigidly secured at one end to the burner element in fixed spaced relation to said ports below the same, said members projecting upwardly in a predetermined angular relation to the axes of the ports.

11. In a gas burner, a burner element having ports provided therein in laterally spaced relation in a substantially horizontal plane, the burner element having a blind hole provided therein in equally spaced relation to each two adjacent ports and closely spaced downwardly with respect to the planebf said ports, and-a rigid wire'radiant member adapted to be heated. by the flames from said ports set in said hole'and projecting from= the burner element, each radiant memberbeing positioned in close proximity to the extended axis of an adjacent gas'port and with its axis in such angular relation to said extended axis a to form a small included angle with a substantially horizontal plane that includes said extended axis whereby the member is substantially -'parallel with the flame from said port when operating with a full flame and whereby said radiant members are heated substantially from end to end in said flames without fouling the flames.

12. In a radiant burner, a burner element hav- 7 ing spaced ports provided therein in a substantially horizontal plane for directing flames outwardly therefrom, and a plurality of radiant members of elongated slender form to be heated by theflames and rigidly secured to the burner element so as to project outwardly from said element, each radiant member being positioned in close proximity to the extended axis of an adjacent gas port and with its axis in such angular relation to said extended axis as to form a small included angle with a substantially horizontal plane that includes said extended axis whereby the member is substantially parallel with the flame from said port when operating with a full flame and whereby said radiant members are heated substantially from end to end in said flames without fouling the flames.

-13. A radiant broiler burner comprising a substantially horizontal burner element having gas ports therein arranged in a row and in close proximity one with respect to another to provide a substantially continuous flame emanating laterally from the burner element without the inner cone of any individual flame interfering with the inner cone of the adjoining individual flames, and a row of radiant members each of elongated slender form rigidly secured to the burner element and arranged at a location intermediate two adjoining ports, each radiant member being positioned in close proximity to the extended axis of an adjacent gas port and with its axis in such angular relation to said extended axis as to form a small included angle with a substantially horizontal plane that includes said extended axis whereby the member is substantially parallel with the flame from said port when operating with a full flame and whereby said radiant mambers are heated substantially from end to end in said flames without fouling the flames.

STANLEY H. HOBSON.

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