US2379093A - Signaling system - Google Patents

Signaling system Download PDF

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Publication number
US2379093A
US2379093A US453842A US45384242A US2379093A US 2379093 A US2379093 A US 2379093A US 453842 A US453842 A US 453842A US 45384242 A US45384242 A US 45384242A US 2379093 A US2379093 A US 2379093A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
tube
positive
negative
potential
cathode
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US453842A
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English (en)
Inventor
Robert F Massonneau
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AT&T Corp
Original Assignee
Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to NL79492D priority Critical patent/NL79492C/xx
Priority to BE470164D priority patent/BE470164A/xx
Application filed by Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc filed Critical Bell Telephone Laboratories Inc
Priority to US453842A priority patent/US2379093A/en
Priority to GB14875/43A priority patent/GB571483A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2379093A publication Critical patent/US2379093A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04Q—SELECTING
    • H04Q1/00—Details of selecting apparatus or arrangements
    • H04Q1/18—Electrical details
    • H04Q1/30—Signalling arrangements; Manipulation of signalling currents
    • H04Q1/44—Signalling arrangements; Manipulation of signalling currents using alternate current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K21/00—Details of pulse counters or frequency dividers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K23/00—Pulse counters comprising counting chains; Frequency dividers comprising counting chains
    • H03K23/82—Pulse counters comprising counting chains; Frequency dividers comprising counting chains using gas-filled tubes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/18—Phase-modulated carrier systems, i.e. using phase-shift keying
    • H04L27/24—Half-wave signalling systems

Definitions

  • This invention relates to signaling systems and more particularly to a circuit adapted for response to current impulses comprising a succession of the positive and negative lobes of a sinusoidal current.
  • the invention is exemplified by a circuit which includes an electronic device that responds to all impulses regardless of their polarity, an electronic devicewhich operates to invert the negative half-cycle impulses, and two chains of gasfilled electronic devices of which one chain is used to register the positive half cycles of the wave train and the other chain is used to register the negative half cycles of the wave train.
  • the electronic devices in both chains are so interconnected that an operated device in one chain primes a device in the other chain for subsequent operation by the succeeding impulse of opposite polarity.
  • a device in either chain may be primed immediately by an operated device in the other without danger of operating the prior device by the pulse that operated the device that does the priming, in contrast' with known electronic or tube counting arrangements in which delaying means are interposed between an operated tube.
  • the invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawing in which the grid of the vacuum tube L is connected to a line LN over which the impulses are received.
  • the grid receives a normal negative bias through resistance LG, which has one of its two terminals'connected to the grounded negative pole of battery BB, the positive terminal of said battery being connected" to the cathode of the tube as a source of electron emission.
  • the anodeof tube L is connected to positive battery CI through the primary winding (P) of transformer POS which has one terminal of its secondary winding (S) connected to ground and the other to one side of condensers IM
  • the anode of tube L is also extended to one side of condenser B and, therethrough, to bias resistor IG and the grid of inverter tube INV.
  • the grid of the inverter tube INV is maintained at a normal negative bias through battery BBB the negative pole of which is grounded and connected to the lower terminal of resistor IG, while its positive pole is connected to the cathode of tube INV as a source of electron emission.
  • the anode of tube INV is supplied with positive potential from battery -C2 via the primary winding (P) of transformer NEG.
  • the secondary winding (S) of this transformer has one of its terminals connected to ground and the other to one side of condensers IM2, IM-4, IM-6, etc.
  • the counting chain for recording the negative pulses is the upper chain shown in the drawing and is so designated. It comprises a number of gas-filled tubes 2, 4, 6, 8, and ID of the type described in Patent No.1,965,589, issued to T. E.
  • gas-filled tubes are of the type which are filled with a low pressure gaseous content which, for example, might be neon, argon, helium, mercury vapor or combinations of gases of this group.
  • a tube of this character has the distinctive prop erty that its gaseous content will become ionized and thus conducting on a'certain breakdown potential which is determined by the electrode design, the nature of the gaseous content and its pressure, will be maintained in the condition of conductivity on a much lower potential, and may be quenched (or extinguished) by cutting off the positive battery supply appliedto the anode or by momentarily reversing this battery so as to render the polarity thereof negative with respect to the polarity of the cathode battery supply.
  • the three elements thereof are the cathode, the anode and the control anode.
  • the cathode and control anode are spaced much closer together than are the cathode and the anode, the
  • Tubes of this character have two steps to their operation in that a breakdown potential is first applied between the control anode and cathode and a sustaining potential is 4 then applied between the cathode and the anode.
  • a breakdown potential is first applied between the control anode and cathode and a sustaining potential is 4 then applied between the cathode and the anode.
  • the gas in the control gap is ionized to establish a current in the circuit which includes the control electrode and cathode.
  • the difference of potential existing between the negative battery supply at the cathode and the positive battery supply at the anode will be suflicient to cause the gas in the main gap.
  • the number of tubes in the positive counting chain is'equal to one more than the number of positive impulses in the maximum pulse cycle. It will be assumed for the purposes of illustration that the maximum pulse cycle consists of five complete alternations of the sinusoidal current so that, since five positive half cycles would be the maximum to be registered, the positive counting chain would comprise six tubes as above indicated.
  • the main anodes of the tubes 2. 4, 6,8. and ID in the negative counting chain are all connected together and to a source of positive potential l-B.
  • the left or control electrodes of said tubes are connected to the other terminal of the individual condensers IM-2, IM4, IM6, etc., and to one terminal of the corresponding individual resistors A2. A-l, A-B. etc., while the right electrode or cathode of each tube is connected to two resistors.
  • resistors B-2, B4, B--6, etc. which are parallel and connected to a source of negative potential B and to resistors A--3, A-5, A- I, etc., which are extended individually to the control electrodes of the tubes in the ne ative countihg-chain which are advanced one digit in the count.
  • the positivecounting chain for registering the positive pulses is the lower chain shown in the drawing and is so designated. It comprises a number of gas-filled tubes I, 3, 5, I and 9 which are similar to'or identical with the "tubes in the negative counting chain and are equal in number to the number of positive impulses in the maximum pulse cycle. Since it is assumed for the The lower terminal of all resistors B are connected to the negative source of potential B.
  • the operation of the circuit is as follows: assume a sinusoidal current to be present on line LN flowing to ground through resistor LG and that the first half of the cycle is the positive lobe of the current wave.
  • the grid of the tube L being negatively biased by battery BB and resistor LG to provide straight-line response of the current in the anode circuit of the tube L, the application of the positive half cycle to the grid of thus tube will have the effect of changing the negative bias to one less negative and thereby causing a change in the flow of current through the anode circuit, the circuit path extending from the positive pole of batter CI, primary winding (P) of transformer POS, anode of the tube'L. cathode thereof to cathode battery BB. Now the control electrode of tube I is biased.
  • resistors P and A-I form a potentiometer and their values are proportioned to cause a positive potential to be applied permanently to the control electrode of tube I, but the value of this potential and the value of the negative potential supplied to the cathode of this tube from battery B via resistor B-I is insufficient to cause the tube to break down.
  • the left or control electrode of each of the remaining tubes in the positive countingchain is joined to the common terminal of an odd-numbered resistor A extending to the cathode of the preceding even-numbered tube of the negative counting chain and the odd-numbered condenser IM individual to the tube in the positive counting chain.
  • the right electrode, or cathode, of each of the tubes in this chain is, on the other hand, connected to the common terminal of the even-numbered resistors A-- extending to the control electrode of the succeeding even-numbered tubes in the negative. counting chain and the odd-numbered resistor B corresponding in designation to that of the tube in the positive counting chain to whose cathode it is connected.
  • This current has the effect of raising the positive potential of the control electrode of tube I to a value which establishes a "breakdown difference of potential between it and the negative potential applied to its cathode, in consequence of which the tube is ionized and rendered conduct ing over its control gap and then over its main gap to establish a current therethrough from negative battery B, cathode and anode electrodes of the tube to positive battery +B.
  • Tube 2 Upon tube I being rendered conducting through its main gap, current is drawn through resistor B-I so that the potential of the cathode becomes more positive. This more positive potential is now applied to the left or control electrode of tube 2 through the resistor A-2, the right electrode or cathode thereof being negatively biased from negative battery B via resistor B-2. Tube 2, however, does not break down upon the difference of potential thus established between its control electrode and cathode for the following reasons:
  • tube I Since tube I is already conducting, the negative impulse will have no effect upon this or any other tube in the positive counting chain except to cause the application of 'a negative potential to the control electrodes of tubes 3, 5, 1, etc., which cannot be fired on this account inasmuch as a negative potential is applied to their respective cathodes from battery -B.
  • resistor B--2 has the effect of raising the potential of the cathode of tube 2 to a more positive value and this potential is now applied through resistor A-3 to the controlelectrode of tube 3, the positive value thereof being insuflicient bias to fire the tube.
  • the intensity of these pulses is not sufiicient to raise the positive potential of the control anode in the succeeding tube of either chain in the event that the signal wave train consists of less than the maximum of five complete alternations.
  • the operated tubes in each of the counting devices may be restored to their original unoperated condition by opening the anode battery +3 or by reversing the polarity thereof in any suitable manner well known to the signaling art, whereupon tubes 2l0 and l9 will restore and again become receptive to the positive and negative half cycles, respectively, of the next incoming signal wave.
  • a circuit for registering a train of positive and negative half cycles of an alternating current comprising electronic means responsive to each half cycle of current and gas-filled electronic devices responsive thereto for registering each of said half cycles.
  • a circuit for registering a train of positive and negative half cycles of an alternating current comprising a first electronic device responsive to each half cycle of the train, a second elecan impedance network connecting the cathode of one tube with the control electrode of the next tube, means responsive to said first electronic device when operating in response to a positive half cycle of the train for rendering conductive the first tube in said group of gaseous conductor tubes whereby a. positive potential derived from the cathode-anode circuit thereof is applied to tronic device responsive to said first electronic response to the operation of said first electronicv device and whereby others of said gas-filled devices are rendered conductive to register the negative h'alf cycles in response to the operation of said second electronic device.
  • a circuit for registering a train of positive and negative half cycles of an alternating current comprising a first electronic device responsive to each half cycle of the' train, a second electronic device responsive to said first electronic device when operating in response to the-negative half cycles of the train, a group'of gaseous conductor tubes each having a control electrode, a cathode and an anode, a source of negative potential connected to said cathodes, a source of positive potential connected to said anodes,
  • control electrode of the next gaseous conductor tube through the interconnecting network connecting the cathode of the first tube and the control electrode of the second tube, and means responsive to said second electronic device when responding to positive half cycles of the train for producing a negative potential for application to the control.
  • said means responsive to said electronic device when responding to negative half cycles of the train being further responsive to produce a positive potential for application to the control electrode of said next tube whereby said positive potential is added to the positive potential derived from the cathode-anode circuit of the first tube to produce a difference of potential between the net positive potential at the control electrode of said tube and the negative potential at the cathode that will cause said next tube .to be rendered conducting and whereby a positive potential derived from the current through the cathodeanode of said second tube is applied to the control electrode of the third tube through the associated interconnecting impedance network.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Other Investigation Or Analysis Of Materials By Electrical Means (AREA)
US453842A 1942-08-06 1942-08-06 Signaling system Expired - Lifetime US2379093A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL79492D NL79492C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1942-08-06
BE470164D BE470164A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1942-08-06
US453842A US2379093A (en) 1942-08-06 1942-08-06 Signaling system
GB14875/43A GB571483A (en) 1942-08-06 1943-09-10 Improved system for registering a train of positive and negative half cycles of an alternating current

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US453842A US2379093A (en) 1942-08-06 1942-08-06 Signaling system

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2379093A true US2379093A (en) 1945-06-26

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US453842A Expired - Lifetime US2379093A (en) 1942-08-06 1942-08-06 Signaling system

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US2379093A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE470164A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB571483A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL79492C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2549769A (en) * 1943-08-31 1951-04-24 Int Standard Electric Corp Arrangement for counting electrical impulses
US2556614A (en) * 1943-10-15 1951-06-12 Ncr Co Electronic impulse-counting and data-storing circuits
US2558178A (en) * 1948-11-13 1951-06-26 Northrop Aircraft Inc Glow tube counter
US2561722A (en) * 1944-08-17 1951-07-24 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Signaling system
US2630550A (en) * 1948-03-20 1953-03-03 Geohegan William Anthony Gas tube ionizer and process
US2730655A (en) * 1953-03-12 1956-01-10 Ibm Gas tube counter
US2820153A (en) * 1954-10-25 1958-01-14 Rca Corp Electronic counter systems
US2851636A (en) * 1954-10-28 1958-09-09 Gen Electric Co Ltd Electrical counting or distributing circuits
US2863139A (en) * 1952-04-25 1958-12-02 Michelson Louis High speed electronic scanner
US2874330A (en) * 1954-05-21 1959-02-17 Westinghouse Air Brake Co Electronic counter control
US2926246A (en) * 1956-06-18 1960-02-23 Gen Electric Synchronous precision sequence timer
US2933620A (en) * 1954-05-27 1960-04-19 Sylvania Electric Prod Two-input ring counters
US3082404A (en) * 1957-01-31 1963-03-19 Rca Corp Decoder circuits
US3141091A (en) * 1961-08-23 1964-07-14 Creveling Robert Counting circuits
US20090038450A1 (en) * 2007-08-06 2009-02-12 3M Innovative Properties Company Fly-cutting head, system and method, and tooling and sheeting produced therewith
US20100218650A1 (en) * 2007-08-06 2010-09-02 3M Innovative Properties Company Fly-cutting system and method, and related tooling and articles

Cited By (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2549769A (en) * 1943-08-31 1951-04-24 Int Standard Electric Corp Arrangement for counting electrical impulses
US2556614A (en) * 1943-10-15 1951-06-12 Ncr Co Electronic impulse-counting and data-storing circuits
US2561722A (en) * 1944-08-17 1951-07-24 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Signaling system
US2630550A (en) * 1948-03-20 1953-03-03 Geohegan William Anthony Gas tube ionizer and process
US2558178A (en) * 1948-11-13 1951-06-26 Northrop Aircraft Inc Glow tube counter
US2863139A (en) * 1952-04-25 1958-12-02 Michelson Louis High speed electronic scanner
US2730655A (en) * 1953-03-12 1956-01-10 Ibm Gas tube counter
US2874330A (en) * 1954-05-21 1959-02-17 Westinghouse Air Brake Co Electronic counter control
US2933620A (en) * 1954-05-27 1960-04-19 Sylvania Electric Prod Two-input ring counters
US2820153A (en) * 1954-10-25 1958-01-14 Rca Corp Electronic counter systems
US2851636A (en) * 1954-10-28 1958-09-09 Gen Electric Co Ltd Electrical counting or distributing circuits
US2926246A (en) * 1956-06-18 1960-02-23 Gen Electric Synchronous precision sequence timer
US3082404A (en) * 1957-01-31 1963-03-19 Rca Corp Decoder circuits
US3141091A (en) * 1961-08-23 1964-07-14 Creveling Robert Counting circuits
US20090038450A1 (en) * 2007-08-06 2009-02-12 3M Innovative Properties Company Fly-cutting head, system and method, and tooling and sheeting produced therewith
US20100218650A1 (en) * 2007-08-06 2010-09-02 3M Innovative Properties Company Fly-cutting system and method, and related tooling and articles
US20100227121A1 (en) * 2007-08-06 2010-09-09 3M Innovative Properties Company Fly-cutting system and method, and related tooling and articles
US20100227751A1 (en) * 2007-08-06 2010-09-09 3M Innovative Properties Company Fly-cutting system and method, and related tooling and articles
US20100227750A1 (en) * 2007-08-06 2010-09-09 3M Innovative Properties Company Fly-cutting system and method, and related tooling and articles
US8443704B2 (en) 2007-08-06 2013-05-21 3M Innovative Properties Company Fly-cutting system and method, and related tooling and articles
US9003934B2 (en) 2007-08-06 2015-04-14 3M Innovative Properties Company Fly-cutting system and method, and related tooling and articles
US9180524B2 (en) 2007-08-06 2015-11-10 3M Innovative Properties Company Fly-cutting head, system and method, and tooling and sheeting produced therewith
US9937561B2 (en) 2007-08-06 2018-04-10 3M Innovative Properties Company Fly-cutting head, system and method, and tooling and sheeting produced therewith
US10413972B2 (en) 2007-08-06 2019-09-17 3M Innovative Properties Company Fly-cutting head, system and method, and tooling and sheeting produced therewith

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE470164A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL79492C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB571483A (en) 1945-08-27

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