US2378680A - Hand controlled hydraulic drive mechanism - Google Patents

Description

June 19, 1945. M. H. ARMS HAND CONTROLLED HYDR AULIC DRIVE MECHANISM Filed Aug. 22, 1938 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 M. H. ARMS HAND CONTROLLED HYDRAULIC DRIVE MECHANISM June 19, 1945.

Filed Aug. 22, 1958 :s Sheets-Sheet 2 June 19, 1945. M, H, ARMS 2,378,680

HAND CONTROLLED HYDRAULIC DRIVE MEGHANISM' Filed Aug. 22, 1938 5 Sheets-:Sheet 5v iii A E r Z00 9Q 8 14/ y .Fig'ure'3 isa diagrammatic-view'of a portion of portion of Figure 3,"but showi ing. av modification Patented June- 19. 1945v I 'HANDCONTROLLED HYDRAULIC naive f' MECHANISM" Merton -H. Arms, Springfield,; Vt. assignori to Bryant Chucking Grinderwcompany, Spring- V field, 'Vt., acorporation of Vermont Application August 22, 1 938, Serial-No. 226,135

' (c1. so 52) p p H 9 Claims. This invention relates to mechanism for manually controlling the speed of motion of a 'hydraulicfdrive mechanism',-' and more particularly to'amovable carriage such as may be employed, for example,- to support eitherthe tool or the "work fora machiningoperation.

Oneob'ject of-this invention is to provide such a manual control which can be applied readily to hydraulically actuated'machines. "and in ac -cordance with which the speed of travel of the a part moved may be controlled by the operator at will;- orthe speed controlled automatically by the setting of the normal machine controls. I

Fora more complete understanding of this invention, reference may be panying drawings, in which" r Figure 1' is a perspective 'vi'ewof an internal grinding machine embodying the invention.

Figure 2 is a plan view of a traversing-stop cam.

had to the accomthe hydraulic systemand showing the manual speed control incorporated therein. t v

.Figure 3a, is ,a fragmentary view-similar to a rig the selectorvalve its dressing'axial position.

..Figures 370 to 3n; inclusive, are detail sectional views on lines lc-ic to nn, respectively.

Figure 4is'a view similar to Figure 3 but show- Figure 5 is a view similar to a portion of Fig- ,ure 4, but showing one of the hydraulio'valves in adifferent axial position as when the traversing carriage haspassed beyond one of its normal I rindinglimits and is in the-wheel truing portion .of itspathof travel. i

' For purpose of illustration this invention is shown as embodied in ahydraulically-actuated internal grinding machine of the type shown in my, Patent 2,176,985, granted October 24,-1939, for Grinding machine, though it shouldbe understoodithat it is not limitedto any particular means (not shown) to. a wheel shaft 9 supporting agrindingwheel loon'its outer end. At II is shown a casing for a work'support in which work is carried for rotation as is well understood in'thi's art. The supporting barB with its carriage 1 is traversed to bring the-grinding wheel I in into or out of the work and to effect traverse type of; machine, or in its broadest aspects to any particular-typeof hydraulic control mechanism. Reference may be made to this patent for details-of the hydraulic system not-fully shown herein. 4 1 I The machine shown 'for'pur'pose' of illustration comprises a bed. I', as shown'in Figure 1, having spaced upwardly.extendingportions 2 and 3 supporting alined hydraulic cylinders 4 and 5. The pistons of these cylinders are connected to a supporting bar 6 on which is mounted a'grinding head. 1 This head"lmaycarry-thereon a grindingrwheellmotor acon'nectecl by suitable driving 1 of the work when in contact therewith, by hydraulic power applied to one or theother of the hydraulic cylinders [and 5, a' fluid such as oil "being used'in the well understood manner. 'The hydraulic cylinders constitute a reversible hydraulicmotdr for moving the carriage, being provided with passages 2| and 22. alternatively pressureand discharge passages, depending on the directional motion of the motor.

A-- hydraulic system for accomplishing this is shown diagrammatically in Figure 3, there being shown at 35 an oil pump by which oil is taken from the supply tank-36 and delivered through a pipe 31 to a main valve casing 39 containing the :various control valves which will-later be described; A relief valve set to maintain a predeterminedconstant supply pressure is shown at 38-for discharging excess oil from the supply line 31--into the tank. The oil is returned from the main valve casing through the discharge line 3| and a back pressure-valve '40 which in'suressufficient pressurein the system at all times, say, about ten pounds, to prevent the entry of air.

The oil ata pressure; say, of to pounds is conducted through the supply 1ine3l through the main casing. Three'main control valves are employed,'-a pilot valve, a reversing valve 42, and

a selector valve 43; A control handle 30 is fixed directly to the'pilot valve 4 I. This-pilot valve has anaxialmovement substantially parallel to the wheel 'traverese direction and. a rocking movement. The reversing valve 42 has an axial movement only. -The selector valve 43 has both axial and rocking motions; The angular motions offthe selector: valve are produced through vangular motions of the pilot valve through a gear ion the pilot valve imeshing' with a partial gear shown 5111 dotted lines at I 41, Which, in turn, .mesheswithga gear. 48 on the selector valve. with which it also has sliding engagement.

' To the pilot valve 4| is secured a cam I00 shown in detail in Figure 2, this having indicated different angular. positions corresponding to similar angularpositions-ofthe handle 30 and indicated as grind, fdress,"stop,fand fast. When the handle. is in grind" position, as shown in Figures3 and 4, the carriage traversesautomatically in one and then the other direction for-the dogs 80 and 8| co-act with the cam plate |||l|-' so that when the handle 3||is in grinding position, they strike on opposite sides of this card and move the pilot valve 4| axially adjacent to the ends of the stroke of the grinding wheel to make reverse connections to start the traverse in the reverse direction.

Figure 3 shows the pilot and selector valves-in their grinding positions. When the handle 3|) is turned to dress position, by turning it clock wise as viewed from the left in Figure 3, valves 4| to 43 willbe turned to their dress positions. In the dress position the cam dog 8|) will clear the cam plate I so that the carriage may have an extended traverse outwardly from the work to an extent sufiicient to permit the cam dog |35 to contact the upper end of a lever |3|, rocking this lever and moving the selector valve 43 to the right into the position of Figure 3a where it opens suitable ports leading to a suitable wheel dressing mechanism, the details of which are not pertinent to the present invention. The speed of traverse throughout thegrinding portion of this stroke and the extended or truing portion may be placed under the control of the hand-operated speed control. The parts shown in Figure 3 are in the position to effect grind traverse to the left from the normal right hand grind limit of traverse.

The oil under pressure passes from the pump 35 through the passage 31 around the selector valve 43, as shown by the arrows, to the reversing valve 42 around the reversing valve passage 420 and through the passage 22 to the end of the righthand cylinder. In this position of the parts, also, the fluid under pressure in the passage 31 passes through passage 3 10, around the reversing valve through the annular passage 31a which is always open, up to the pilot valve through passage 3', through valve passage M0, and through the passage 60 to the right hand end of the reversing valve 42, which is thus held in its left hand position. The pipe 2| leadingto the left hand cylinder 4 at the same time is discharging, as shown by the arrows, into the passage 66. In the machine shown in my Patent No. 2,176,985, this discharge takes place through other mechanism not material to this invention and hence not shown herein.

From the passage66, the discharge takes place past the reversing valve in either of two paths, one of which leads through the reversing valve passage 42|, through the passage 61 to the pilot valve 4|, and around its neck 4| to the upper face of a throttle valve and also to the intake of the metering device P. The other path is from the reversing valve passage 42| through the pipe 68 and past the needle valve 69 into the said discharge passage 61. Flow from the passage 61 is past the valve 10 into the passage through the ports Ha and 1 lb (the valve 43 being positioned 45 counterclockwise from its Figure 3m position), into and through channels 430 and 43| to the return passage 3|. In the shifting of the pilot valve from its left hand position shown in this figure, the discharge passage 61 is atfirst closed, the neck 4|| of this valve moving out of line with this passage 61, so that all the discharge has to take place past the needle valve at 69, thus acting to slow the traverse of the carriage 1 before the actuation of the reversing valve 42 to start the stroke to the right.

A passage -6| leading from the left hand end of the reversing valve 42 to the pilot valve 4| discharges to the pipe and passage 62 when fluid under pressure is directed to the right hand end of' 'the'valve 42. These passages 60 and GI are reversed in function, the passage 6| becoming the pressure passage and the passage 60 the discharge passage, when the pilot valve 4| is moved axially to the right from the position shown in Figure 3. This is because the pilot valve passage 4|3 then connects the upper end of the pressure passage 3'" to the passage 6|, cutting out the connection to the pipe 62, while the pilot valve passage 4|0 cuts out communication to the pressure passage 3' and connects the passage 60 to the discharge pipe 62. The pressure then passing to the left hand end of the reversing valve 42, and being discharged from the right hand end ofthis valve, causes this valve to move to its right hand position, shutting off pipe 68, connecting the pressure passage 310 through the valve passage 42| to the pipe 66, and connecting the pipe 22 with the discharge passage 13 through the reversing valve passage 420, thus reversing the direction of traverse. A throttle valve 14 in the passage 13 then performs the same function as the throttle valve 69 to control the speed of traverse, as previously described.

Discharge reaches the valve 10, and this valve being open more or less, passes this valve into the passages H and ISO and from the passage |5|l it may reach a passage I30 past a throttle valve |3|. Discharge from I30, H and I50 is controlled by the selector valve 43 to the discharge pipe 3| leading back to the tank 36 and in dress angular position of Figures 3a, 3k to 3n the passage I30 only is always open to the passage 3| through the ports |30a and |30b and through valve passages 432 and 433.. With the, valve 43 in its left hand position as in Figure 3 return flow is through the passage H as before described, and when the valve 43 is turned counterclockwise from its Figure 3n position, the passage I50 will be connected through the ports |50a and I50!) and channels 430 and 43| and the return passage 3| and [30 will be connected by the ports |30a and |3|lb to the channels 43|] and 43|. The valves 10, |3I, the selector valve, and the supply tank and the pump 35 may be by-passed to the pressure pipe 31 through the metering device P, which transfers fluid under pressure from the discharge passage 61 directly to the pressure passage 31.

In the normal automatic actuation of .the machine, the valve NJ is partly open so that the discharge of fluid past it governs the normal speed of traverse of the wheel slide, the metering pumpP then being idle. This valve 10 is provided with an actuating shaft (see Figure 1) which extends out through the front face of the machine and is .provided withan actuating handle 10 By turning this handle the valve 10 may be shut off entirely, whereupon the only discharge from the left hand cylinder is through the metering device P, This metering device is provided with a handactuatedcrankfllUZ so that by turningthisat th ate desired-the rate of discharge of the fluid; fromithe left-hand cylinder is controlled, thus controlling. the speed of. traverse; out: thercarriage; Whilezthe metering devicetmay be or any suitable.- type, it; isgsindieatedsomewhat diagrammatically; asbeing. a; gear ,pumpz, Such a; :h mDi'bei-ng. oi: the; constant delivery typ cal whichthe rate; of. flow-remains in at. least. sub: stantiallv'constant ratimto the; speed of actuation ot the pump permits; the operator: to feel the.

actioniOf, theigrinding-wheel or'other toolso that. hecam gage; the speed. of traverse and the speed div-rotation: oft the: handle in;accordance,-v with At 1113; isposi-tioned a. check'valve which. pro.- ventsaanv' possibility of the passaeeof fluidiin. the opposite direction from. the pressure; line: 3 1 It willzbe; noted; that the: connectionito this pressure line-causes: theeoil toybe; drawn, from; the left.

'axiailm; When the: traverse: has been carried as far: as desired to; the; 1eft, 'axial motiorrof the. pilot: valve 4|: to! the right: will: serve: to. reverse. thedirectiom of; motionimparted by themetering. device; P, or by the automatic; traverse; control: mechanism. should thEi throttle: valve: Ill be 'open..

The: throttle valve: I231: controls the speed t traverseduring the wheel: truing operation. I When; the.- selector valve 43 is: in the angular dressing: position both: passages TI and. I50 are:

shut off: as may hev seen-by an inspection. of Figuzies: 3m and: 311.", and in both. axial positions of this; selector valvel passage I is connected. to the; discharge. passage. 3 Ii through the two similar valve passagesi432 and 433. I 1

In. the showing of Figure 3, the metering device isi placed in; the. discharge: side ofthe fluid pressure circuit and acts to take fluid discharged from one of.v the hydraulic cylinders and to force this fluid: the other. fluid pressure cylinder.

It is,,however, quite-.possibl'e to place-the metering device. in the pressure side ofthe hydraulic systern. Such an arrangement is: illustrated dia-- grammatically'in Figurest and5.\ The metering device P draws its-fluid -supply from the intake side of the pump past a check'val-vezllland delivers through apassage 201 tothepassage 310- in the valve casing between the selector valve and I the? reversing valve. This passage 310, when the parts: are in position to-drive-the carriage to the left, is connected through the reversing valve 42 intoithe line-2 Z Ieading-tothe right hand hydraulic oylinden' When theg-thro'ttle valve 10 is open-,- themetering device P"- is by-passed, fluid under pressure from the pipe 31 leading from the pump 35 passing through the passage 120 to the top'of the throttle valve 10, past this valve, and through the passage I30, valve passages 432 and 433, to the passage 310, when the valve 43 is positioned as in Figure 5, or through passages H and 430 and 43! when the valve 43 is positioned as in Figure 4. takes place through the pipe 66 past the reversing valve, line 31, past the pilot valve, and out through the discharge line 62 to the line 3|,

which returns to the tank 36. There is also a second: dischflge: through! the passage 68: from the.- reversing; valve 4% extending to. the: needle valve filliandgthe: line 61% which alsov leads into: thedischargezpipe 3 When the pilot valveltls, is: moved; to make:v the" reverse connectiona. it: first closes off, the: free passage: 61: so: that all. the; discharge: must;- pass througln the; valve-$9 this; the discharge: and slowing downtime rate of. traverse: of; theqcarriaga' before." reverse connectionsaiiea made. to: drive/it in; the opposite direction. g When: the dniv/eaisin theoppositedirection, the pilot valve. 41: will be.- moved to *thexright from the position shown. in Figure 4', whereupon: the passage.- 2-2. to: the right hand cylinder" will be opened to.: discharge after 'thereversi'ng valve 42 has; beenv moved to its opposite. extreme: position, and, the line: 66; leading to the: l'eftahand cylinder'wi'll besupplie'd with liquid under pres sure. from the pressure line 31" and from the:

metering device. PC. It will be noted here, however, that the pressure: line for both directions of motion ofiithe. carriage. passes from the: pressure line 3 1 to. the upper face. of the throttle valve Ill through the passage 12!), this valve m': and also the-dressing. throttle valve" l 3 l beingthenin the pressure side of" thehydraulic: system rather" than in the: discharge side. as shown in Figure 3..

While there are other portsand passages shown than those; which: have been described;-

since they do not function as any-portion of the present invention, they have not been further described, their functions having been pointed outinconnection with my Patent No, 2';1-76,985'

to: which: reference has already been made.-

From the foregoing description of" certain embodim'ents of" this: invention, it should beevident to those skilled in the art that various further.

changes) and modifications; might be made without departing from the spirit or scope 'of this invention as definedbythe appended-claims;

1. In' a machine having atraversi-ngcarriage,

a reversihle hydraulic motor mechanism for driving said-carriage; 'a hydraulic system of which said-' motor forms a part, a supply pump in said system directing-fluid under pressure to saidrnechanisma means in said system for selecting the'di'rection of motion ofisai'd motor mechanism, means in said. system for ad'giusting thereto of motion of said motor mechanism as driven by fluid pressure fromsai'd' supply" pump; and amanually "actuated pump in said system intro:- du'cing fluid under pressure between said" supply pump and direction selecting means and bypassing said rate adjusting means. whereby when.

- said rate adjusting. means is set, to prevent mo- Discharge from the other cylinder tion'of said motor mechanism by fluid pressure;

derivedfrom said supply pump, said motor mech-j anism may be actuated by said. manually actuated pump at a. rate proportional to: the rate: of.- actuation of, said.manually operated pump and. said:

in direction depending on the setting of: direction setting means.

2. In a machine having a traversing carriage, reversing hydraulic motor mechanism for moving said carriage, a pump supplying fluid under pressure tosaid mechanism, means for selecting the direction of motion of said mechanism, a flow rate regulating means between said supply pump and selecting means, and a manually operated pump connected to introduce fluid under pressure into the system between said regulating means and selecting means.

3'. In a machine having a traversing carriage, a reversible hydraulic motor mechanism for moving said carriage, a pump supplying fluid under pressure to said motor mechanism, a discharge passage from said motor mechanism, means for selecting the direction of motion of said motor mechanism, and a manually operated pump connected to take fluid from said discharge passage andintroduce it into the hydraulic system between said supply pump and said direction selecting means. M

4. In a machine having a traversing carriage, a reversible hydraulic motor mechanism for moving said carriage, a pump supplying fluid under pressure to said motor mechanism, a discharge passage from said motor mechanism, an adjustable discharge rate means interposed in said discharge passage, means for selecting the direction of motion of said motor mechanism, and a manually operated pump connected to take fluid from said discharge passage between said motor mechanism and said discharge rate means and introduce it into the hydraulic system between said supply pump and said direction selectin means.

5. In a machine having a traversing carriage, hydraulic motor mechanism for moving said carriage, means supplying fluid under pressure to said motor mechanism, means controlling the direction of motion of said carriage, means normally controlling the speed of motion of said carriage by said motor mechanism, a manually operated metering fluid device connected to drive said motor mechanism, and manually controlled means actuable to set said speed control means to prevent normal motion of said carriage, thereby to cause motion of said carriage to be produced solely by actuation of said device.

6. In combination with a machine having a movable carriage, a reversible hydraulic motor .for moving said carriage in opposite directions and having a pair of ports acting alternatively as pressure and discharge ports, depending on the direction of motion of said motor, a fluid source,

a pump for delivering fluid under pressure from 1 said source, fluid pressure and discharge passages for said motor, a fluid directing means receiving fluid under pressure from said pum and connected to said ports and passages to determine the direction of motion of said motor, and means in the hydraulic system for regulating the flow of fluid under pressure from said fluid pressure passage to said motor and from said motor to said discharge passage and adjustable to prevent flow of fluid therethrough, of an operator-actuated constant delivery metering pump in said system in by-pass relation to said regulating means and operative when said regulating means prevents flow therethrough to produce flow of fluid from and to said fluid-directing means to produce motion of said motor at a rate determined by the rate of-actuation of said device and in direction determined by the setting of said fluid-directing means.

7.'In combination with a machine having a movable carriage, a reversible hydraulic motor for moving said carriage and having fluid passages for alternative supply and discharge depending on the direction of motion of said motor, a source of hydraulic pressure, a discharge passage, means for directing fluid under pressure from said source to one or the other of said motor passages while permitting flow to said discharge passage from the other or one fluid passage, and means in said discharge passage for regulating the rateof discharge and adjustable to stop said discharge, of an operator-actuable constant delivery metering device connected into said discharge passage in advance of said regulating means and discharging into the hydraulic system between said source and said directing means, whereby operation of said metering device when said regulating means stops said discharge removes fluid under pressure from said discharge passage on the motor side of said regulating means and forces it to said pressure supply to said directing means to cause motion of said carriage at a rate determined by the rate of operation of said metering device and in direction determined by the setting of said directing means.

8. In combination with a machine having a movable carriage, a reversible hydraulic motor for moving said carriage having fluid passages for alternative supply and discharge depending on the direction of motion of said motor, a fluid supply, means for forcing fluid under pressure from said supply, means for directing fluid from said forcing means to one or the other of said motor passages while permitting discharge of fluid from the other or one motor passage, means for regulating the supply of fluid from said forcing means to said directing means adjustable to stop said supply while permitting discharge, and an operator-actuated constant delivery metering device interposed between said supply and said directing means and by-passing said regulating means, whereby when said regulating means is adjusted to stop said supply operation of said metering device will supply fluid under pressure to said directing means to cause motion of said carriage at a rate determined by the rate of operation of said device and in direction determined by the setting of said directing means.

9. In a machine having a movable carriage, a fluid motor for moving said carriage, a fluid pressure operated valve for controlling the direction of such motion, a valve for controlling said reversing valve, means normally controlling the speed of motion of said carriage, a constant delivery metering device in the fluid circuit of said motor, and means for rendering inoperative said normal speed controlling means, whereupon the speed of motion of ,said carriage is controlled by operator actuation of said metering device and the direction of motion by the setting of said direction-controlling valve.

MERTON H. ARMS.

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