US2378254A

US2378254A - Adjustable and collapsible floating crane

Info

Publication number: US2378254A
Application number: US513266A
Authority: US
Inventors: Swaney Robert Casper
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1943-12-07
Filing date: 1943-12-07
Publication date: 1945-06-12
Anticipated expiration: 1962-06-12

Description

June 12, 1945. R. c. SWANEY 2,378,254

ADJUSTABLE AND COLLAPSIBLE FLOATING CRANE Filed Dec. '7, 1943 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 Z9 Z9 I v 0 J9 if 17 5 [If in f9 5 i (/7,

June 12, 1945. c. SWANEY ADJUSTABLE AND COLLAPSIBLE FLOATING CR'ANE 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Dec. 7, 1943 June 12, 1945. R. c. SWANEY 2,378,254

ADJUSTABLE AND COLLAPSIBLE FLOATING CRANE Filed Dec. 7, 1943 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 ,-1'94s. *R. c. SWANQEY v 2,378,254

ADJUSTABLE AND COLLAPSIBLE FLOATING CRANE Filed Dec. 7, 1943 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Patented June 12, 1945 ADJUSTABLE AND COLLAPSIBLE FLOATING CRANE Robert Casper Swaney, Newton, Mass.

Application December 7, 1943, Serial No. 513,266

16 Claims.

This invention relates to floating cranes. The embodiment chosen for illustration herein has 'been designed with particular reference to the tank lighters and'landing barges used by the army and navy for conveying troops and equipment from ships to beaches, and includes the cooperative association between the crane and theloading ramp with which such craft are commonly equipped. However, it includes principles 7 adapted for-use in othersituations also, wherever the protection here claimed is not to be construed I as'limited to the speciflcuse above mentioned' Inits general principles and applications the invention comprises novel means by which the crane can be collapsed and laid down in a recumbent position when not in use; and may be readily and quickly erected'for use; and provisions for adjustment. In its more specific application to landing barges it includes cooperative means whereby the crane and ramp coact in erecting and lowering the crane, An important feature of this invention resides in means whereby the crane can be applied to existing tank lighters without reconstruction of the vessel and with the application of a minimum number of structural parts and those few parts of the simplest construction.

In the illustrative drawings furnished herewith Figure 1 is a partial section of the forward end of a landingbarge of the type now commonly used, equipped with a crane embodying this invention and showing the loading ramp of the barge lowered and the crane in erected condition for operation.

Figure 2 is a'plan view of the, combination shown in'Figure 1. v

Figure 3 is a detail cross section on line 3-3 of Figure l. p

Figure 4 is a view generally similar to Figure 1, but showing the crane'in the course of being collapsed and the ramp of being raised and closed. Figure 5 is a similar view showing the crane fully collapsed.

Figure dis a partial sectional view of the landing barge with the ramp raised and .a side elevacrane mast structure as seen from the left of the line 99 of Figure 7. Figures 10 and 11 are sectional views of details of the structure taken on lines IIJ-I II and I I- -I I, respectively, of Figure 1.

Figure 12 is a front view of the combination shown in Figure 1. I

Figure 13 is a perspective view of parts of the crane disassembled.

Like reference characters designate the same parts wherever they occur in all the figures. By way of background for the combination of the present invention with landingbarges, tank lighters, and the like, I may say that such boats consist of a shallow draft hull,l2 of elongated rectangular outline in plane, the bottom of which has a gradual upwardand forward slope at the bow end. It has a depressed deck I3 of less width than the hull extending from the engine compartment to the bow for carriage of passengers and cargo. This deck is substantially flat and slopes upward at the. forward end so as to be above the tion of the crane in a position of adjustment Figure 9 shows a connectingmember of the water line at the bow when the craft is fully loaded. The space above it is bounded at the sides by longitudinal bulkheads I4, I4 of the hullstructure andbulwarks I5, I5 thereon and, at

the forward end, by a wall I6 which is hinged to' the hull by a pivot H at a level near that of the deck. The wall I6 is wider than the space between the bulwarks and is adapted to be swung upward into tight contact with the forward ends thereof and downward into a horizontal, or downwardly inclined position, whereby it may serve as aplatform to afford a partial support for the crane, and as a ramp to facilitate unloading and loading when the bow of the craft is grounded on a beach. In the description which follows the forward closure wall I6 will generally be referred to as the ramp.

The crane comprises a mast A, a boom B, and

stiff legs or braces C-C and DD. The mast is of generally arched formation, preferably approximately in the shape of the letter A, having side members or legs A and A pivoted at their lower or foot ends to brackets I8, and connected to each other at their upper ends. Preferably said side members are channel bars. Their connections with the respective foot brackets I8 are made in each instance by a bar I9, shown in Figure 11, which is welded to the channel bar between the web and flanges thereof and extends between the lugs which form the bracket I8. A pivot pin 20 passes through alined holes in'the extension bar I9 and the flanking lugs of the bracket. Each bracket is welded between the upper flanges and central web of a base bar 2| which, in the present illustration is of H section. There are two such base bars located near the bulkheads l4, and running lengthwise of the boat. They extend forward and aft far enough to provide anchorage points for the mast and the stiff legs or braces D at different locations. They are secured, preferably by welding, to the deck l3. In order to reinforce them against the spreading effect of the mast legs, a chock is inserted between each base bar and the nearer bulkhead abreast of the mast bracket. These chocks, one of which is shown in some detail in Figure 11, are conveniently made of a plate Ma which lies against the bulkhead and a web Mb crossing the space between the plate Ma and the base bar. The base bars. are welded to the deck along their lower edges, the plate Ma and web Mb, forming the chock,,are welded together, the plate Ma is also welded to the bulkhead, and the web Mb may be welded to the base bar. These chocks are the only parts which may need to be cut and fitted in installing the standard crane assemblagein a boat of a given standard design. Some small variations occur between different boats of the same design as to the width between longitudinal bulkheads, and these variations are compensated for by suitably trimming the chocks.

The mast is stiffened by a truss structure consisting of

tension members

22 and 23 and a strut 26 connected to each mast leg, and an intermediate brace. The tension members of each mast leg, which may be made of a single length 'of structural steel, are attached to the leg at points near its head and foot, respectively, and joined together at an elbow 24 abreast of the boom pivot 28; the strut 26 extending from said elbow to the leg. The intermediate'brace comprises 'a bar 21 to the ends of which are connected tie members 28, said bar and tie member being conveniently made of a single piece of structural steel bent into triangular outline. The base angles of this triprojecting brackets 42 on the side members of the mast.

The boom B is of V form constructed of side members B and B with intermediate transverse braces b b b and diagonal tie members 0 c c 0 The side members may be of channel section like the legs of the mast. The free ends next to the mast are apertured to receive the pivot rod 25 and are placed on the pivot rod outside of the brackets 42. The upper ends of the forward stiff legs C receive the extremities of the pivot 25 at the outer sides of the boom members and are retained thereon by nuts so applied and locked on the pivot rod as to permit the boom and also the stiff legs to swing on the pivot rod when necessary. The rear stiff legs D--D have pivotal conziections with the extremities of the rod 29 at the outer sides of the respective mast legs A and A The lower ends of the stiff legs C are adapted to be connected by coupling pins 43 with brackets 44 on the ramp, as in Figures 1, 2, 4 and 12. The rear stiff legs D, however, carry at their lower ends apertured slides 46 which are adapted to travel in the upper channels of the respective base bars 2!, and to be anchored by pins 41 passed through one or another of a row of holes 48 in the base bars. Angle bars 43 and are secured to each base bar; substantially as shown in Figure l0,so as to overlie the lateral extremities of the slide 46 to retain it in the channel as it travels therein when the mast is erected and lowered. Stops 48a, conveniently made from blocks of metal welded in the guide channels are preferably located forward of the foremost hole 43 to limit the forward movement of the slide. Preferably the stop is at a correct distance from that hole to arrest the slide when the holes therein and in the base bar are in register. The stiff legs may be made of steel pipe having rods secured in opposite ends to furnish the eyes and slides by .Which they .are connected, respectively, to the angular structure are connected to the elbows 24 of the respective mast leg trusses by bolts 24a,

by which also the struts 26 are connected to the 'cient to receive the upper ends of two links 30, I

30 and sheave pulleys 3|, 32 and 33 in the spaces between the links and side members.

Bolts

34, 35 and 36 connect the side members A and A together and support the links 30. Spacer sleeves surrounding the several bolts maintain the prescribed spacing between members and links. Those on bolt 36 provide bearings for pulleys 3|, 32 and 33; and that on bolt 35 between the mast member A and the nearer link provides a bearing for a fourth sheave pulley 31 which is above and in the same plane with pulley 33. A sheave pulley 38 is mounted on the rod 29 between the lower ends of the links 30, and a guide pulley 3 9 is mounted between the links just above pulley 38 on a pivot 40. The links are formed on their lowerend with a forward lug 4! which receives and supports the middle portion of the boom pivot 25;, the ends of said pivot beingh'eldin forwardly mast and foot brackets.

The boom carries at its outer end a pivot 51 on which pulleys 52 are mounted. A load line 53, from which a pulley block 54 (equipped with a hook 55) is suspended passes from the block around one of the pulleys 52, thence under the sheave of block 54, over the other pulley 52 and over the guide pulley 38 to an operating -Winch located at anoperating station in the after part of the boat. The pulley 39 overlies the load line, serving to retain the line in engagement with the pulley 38 when the mast is lowered. The outer end of the boom is provided also with lugs 56 holding the ends of a pivot 51 by which one end of a rigid bar constituting a bridle 58 is connected to the boom. The other end of bridle 58 carries a group of sheave pulleys 59. A boom topping line an, anchored to the mast at 6|, passes around the

pulleys

53, 31 and 32 in a number of stretches and finally passes over pulley 33 to a second winch at the operating station.

It will be readily apparent that by taking up and paying off the boom line, the outer end of the boom may be raised and lowered; while by similarly utilizing the load line 53 the block 54 may be raised and lowere When the boom line is taken up as far as possible the boom is raised to the position shown in Figure fl and the end of the bridle 58 is brought up against a bracket 62 on the mast, s'aid bracket and the end of the bridle having abutting faces which are then substantially perpendicular to the length of the bridle. In this situation, and while tension is maintained in the line by'the' winch, the boom,

bridle and top part of the mast make a rigid structure.

For use when the ramp is lowered, the'stiff legs C are connected with the brackets 44 on the ramp. Preferably the ramp is provided with a float element 63 connected with its under or outer side, which I call a false bow. This is a water stantial buoyancy and support to the crane when lowered into the water. It is preferably wider than the beam of the boat to give lateral stability tight cell having sufficient volume to give subto'resist capsizing of the boat when a heavy load I is hoisted to a high level. In such a situation the load exerts :a powerful turning moment if it is not vertically over the center line of the boat;

This float or false bow is preferably connected deta'chably with the ramp, having a suitabl number of hinged bolts 64 arranged to be passed through slots in anchor lugs 65 on the ramp and to be secured therein by nuts on their ends. It

employed with the boat fully afloat and the false bow secured to the ramp, the latter may be tied or braced in the horizontal position shown in Figure 1, or an approximation'of that position, by, chains or rods coupled at their ends with the bulwarks and the outer portion of the ramp.

With the stiff legs connected as shown in Figures 1 and 4, the crane and ramp partially counterbalance each other in lowering and erecting.

the mast. When the mast is to be lowered into its retracted o-r collapsed position, the h0ok 55 is passed into' engagement witha eye 66 on the ,outer edge portion of the ramp, and the boom.

line 60 is taken up until the bridle 5B abuts against the abutment 62, the load line 53 being paid out as needed to permit the consequent rise of theboom. At this time, or at least before the legs C are uncoupled from the ramp, a standard or bracket 61 carrying a snatch pulley 68 is placed on the deck forward of the mast and the load line 53 is passed around and under the snatch pulley. The bracket or standard 61 is anchored detachably by a hook or equivalent means 69 to the deck and is suitably-constructed and braced to withstand the pull applied to it by the load line'in lowering and raising the mast.

After the bridl has been brought up to the abutment 62, the crane mast is swung rearwardly by taking up on the boom line until the ramp is brought up againstthe bulwarks of the boat (the foot ends of legs D then sliding along the base bars 2!, their anchor pins 41 having been removed), During this movement the stiff legs C raise the ramp and the weight of the ramp counterbalancesthat of the crane more or less after the center of gravity of the latter has passed the vertical. The ramp is then made fast by the coupling means with which such craft are provided, and the stiff legs 0 are disconnected from the ramp. At that time the center of gravity of the crane combination is aft of the foot pivots 20, and the load line, being held by connection with the ramp and its controlling winch, prevents locations on the base bars 2|.

the crane from falling to the deck and causing damage. The load line is gradually paid out to lower the; crane gently until the truss frames 23 rest on the deck, and the boom line also is paid out to permit the boomto occupy the collapsed position shown in Figure 5.

In erecting the crane the lines are taken up and paid out inreverse order. In both these proceedings the snatch pulley 68 provides a necessary fulcrum for the load line.

The crane may be operated to pick up and heave in comparatively light loads without having the ramp lowered, and in that mode of use the mast may be swung aft when the load has been lifted above the ramp so as to swing the load inboard without requiring snatch lines. The mast will bearrested at the forward limit of its swinging movement by the stops 48a, and in its rearward swinging movement by pins set into the holes 48 at the desired limit of rearward movement. As the slides 46 on the braces D bring up against the stop elements so located, they of course arrest the movement of the mast. If desired, the mast may be stepped elsewhere than in the position here shown, and for that purpose other brackets may be mounted at any desired By way of 'illustration one such bracket is shown at l8a in the drawings.

The crane thus described supplies a Vital need in salvaging equipment dropped overboard in the course of landing men, vehicles and other supplies on beaches, and for salvaging the engines of boats which are injured by shell fire or by the action of-surf on a beach or are carried by boats which have been wrecked in shallow water. Boats which carry such cranes can go anywhere that tank lighters and landing barges can go and the cranes can be utilized in any such localities where the water is not too deep. The construce tion of the crane, with the wide spread between its legs and the supporting connections of such legs being near the sides of the cargo space, leave a clear central space through which men may pass and heavy articles may be carried when the crane is erect. This fact is illustrated by Figure l2.-

The crane equipment of this invention is adapted to be packedpiecemeal for shipment and readily mounted in boats at any places where they are in service. Each leg of the mast with its associated truss members '22, 23 and 26 is a unit separate from the other, the intermediate brace 21 is a separate unit, and the boom and stiff legs are also separate and separable units. These parts can be crated in compact packages and shipped, along with the base bars 2| and other equipment to any place where boats neededto be equipped with cranes are in service. Then at the place of use, the crane is installed in its boat by welding the base bars to the deck of the boat, with the use of welding equipment with. which practically all bases are supplied. The mast legs are assembled to make the complete mast by passing the rod 29 through them and through the ends of the tie members 28, by bolting the truss elbows of the mast legs to the brace 21, and

by attaching the

cross ties

29a, 29b and 290. The

stiff legs D are connected to the outer ends of the rod 29, the boom pivot 25 is coupled with the mast brackets 42, the boom, and the stifl" legs C, and the various pulleys, the links 30 and the bridle 58 are applied and coupled by the various pins and pivots shown and described. Such assemblage is simple and quickly eifected.

The. crane is compact, not only in its capacity for packaging and shipment, but also in its relation to the boat when lowered and collapsed. In

that condition it is wholly within the cargo space of the boat and below the tops of the bulwarks, as illustrated by Figure 5. The mast truss then rests on the cargo deck, with the head of the mast, the boom, and the bridle all below 'thebulwarks.

What I claim and desire to secure by Letters Patentis:

1. A floating crane comprising the combination with a boat having a cargo space opening through its bow and a ramp hinged to the boat hull at thebow end below the cargo space and adapted to be raised to close the forward opening of the cargo space and lowered to substantially horizontal position, of a mast constructed with separated legs pivoted at their lower ends tothe hull adjacent to the sides of the cargo space, braces connected to the mast for connection with the ramp at points separated from the pivot thereof and with the hull at points in rear of the mast, and a boom pivoted to the mast at the forward side thereof. i

2. The combination with a boat hull of base bars secured to the deck of the hull and spaced apart from each other and extending fore and aft, of a crane comprising mast legs separated from one another at their foot ends and bein nearer together at their head ends, said foot ends being pivoted each to one of said base bars at a substantial distance from the rear ends of the bars, said mast being movable between a position lying on the deck and an uprightposition, braces connected adjacent to one of their ends with the mast and detachably connectible at their other ends with the base bars for holding the mast erect, said detachable ends being in slidable engagement with the bars, and a, boom piv oted to the mast on an axis transverse to the length thereof and adapted to swing about its pivot through nearly 90 in each direction from a position perpendicular to the mast.

3. A crane construction comprising a mast having two legs spaced apart at their bottom ends and detachably connected at their upper ends, a truss structure comprising tension members and a strut in connection with each leg and a brace between the truss members and their respective legs, a boom pivoted to the mast, a bridle pivoted to the outer end of the boom, and a boo-m topping line passing around pulleys on the mast head and bridle, respectively, for raising and lowerin the boom.

4. A crane construction as set forth inclaim 3 and in which the mast and bridle have abutting faces substantiallyperpendicular to the length of the bridle for limiting upward movement of the boom and forming a rigid triangle with the mast.

5. The combination with a landing boat having a cargo deck, bulwarks at opposite sides of the cargo deck and a ramp hinged to close the end of the space between the bulwarks and to swing outward in continuation of the deck, of a mast having separated legs pivoted to the deck adjacent to the respective bulwarks and providing a space between them for the passage of persons and articles, a truss structure connected with the mast at its rear side, a boom coupled with the mast at its forward side, the mast bein movable about its pivotal supports from an upright position to a reclining position in which the truss structure rests on the deck with the head of the mast below the upper limits of the bulwarks, and the boom also being movable about its pivot to a position wholly below the upper limits of the bulwarks.

6. The combination with a landing boat having a depressed cargo deck, bulwarks at each side of the deck bounding the cargo space thereon and a ramp hinged to the forward end of the boat at approximately deck level to close the space between the bulwarks and to swing outward into continuation of the deck, of a buoyant false bow secured to the ramp at the outer side thereof arranged to be partly submerged when the ramp is swung outward, a crane mast in pivotal connection with the deck to swing between an upright position and a recumbent position in which it extends aft from its pivotal connection, a brace between the mast and ramp for supporting the mast when erect and a boom pivoted to the mast arranged to extend over the ramp and to be raised and lowered.

7. The combination set forth in claim 6 in which the false bow extends to a width greater than the beam of the boat for giving lateral stability to the boat and mast when the mast is erect.

8. A crane comprising a mast having legs separated at their lower ends and near to one another at their upper ends, links between said legs connected thereto at the upper ends and at a lower point intermediate the ends of said legs, a boom. pivoted to the mast near the last named point, a bridle pivoted to the outer end of the boo-m, sheave pulleys carried by the free end of said bridle, other pulleys located between said mast legs and links, a boom topping line passing around the pulleys of the bridle and the mast pulleys, and leading away from the mast, and a boom line extending along the boom for suspending a load from the boom end.

9. In a floating crane the combination with a hull having a deck, of base bars extending lengthwise of the deck and having guideways, a crane mast pivoted to said base bar to swing between upright and recumbent positions, braces connected to said mast and having slide members on their extremities arranged to travel in said guideways when the mast is raised and lowered, and means for securing said slides at prescribed points along the guideways.

10. The combination with a boat'having an opening through its bow from its cargo space and a wall hinged'to its hull to swing between a raised position in which it closes such opening and a substantially horizontal position, of a crane comprising a mast hinged at its 'foot to the boat hull so as to swing in a vertical fore and aft plane thereof, a boom pivoted to the mast at an elevated point thereof, and a brace coupled to the mast at a distance from its foot and to said wall at a distance from the hinge thereof; the brace and mast hinge being disposed so that the center of gravity of the crane is forward of the vertical line through said hinge when the wall is horizontal, and'aft of such line when the wall is in its raised closing position.

- 11. The combination with a boat having an opening through its bow from its cargo space and a wall hinged to its hull to swing between a raised position in which it closes such opening and a substantially horizontal position, of a crane comprising a mast hinged at its foot to the boat hull so as to swing in a vertical fore and aft plane thereof, a boom pivoted to the mast at an elevated point thereof, a brace coupled to the mast at a distance from its foot and to said wall at a dismast when taken up.

- tancefrom the hinge thereof, a rigid bridle pivoted to the outer end of the boom, a boom topping line passing around pulleys on the mast head and bridle, respectively, for raising and lowering the boom, and a load line passing along the boom and downwardfrom its outer end, the mast and bridle having abutting faces for limiting upwardmovement of the boom and causing the mast, boom and bridle to form a rigid triangle.

12. A crane comprising a mast, a boom pivoted to swing relatively to the mast in'a substantially vertical plane whereby its free end is movable toward and away from the head of the mast, a

rigid bridle connected pivotally at one end with, v the swinging part of the boom, and a boom topcausing the mast, boom and bridle to form a rigid triangle.

13. A crane comprising a mast pivotally mounted at its foot on a supporting structure to swing between an erect position and a recumbent position, a boom pivoted to said mast for relative swinging movement in a substantially vertical plane, a boom topping line in operativeengagement with the mast and boom for raising the boom and controlling its elevation, stop means arranged to arrest the boom in an elevated position when the boom line is maintained under tension, a load line passing from'the outer portion of the boom around a guide on the mast to hoisting means, and a snatch pulley mounted in front of the erected position of the mast and around which the load line passes between the before named guide and the hoisting means, said linebeing thereby adapted to ease the mast to recumbent position when paid out gradually and to erect the 14. The combination with a supporting structure, of a crane comprising a mast in hinged conpivoted to the mast at an elevated point thereon,

provisions on the supporting structure for effecting connection of the lower end of said brace with the supporting structure at different distances from. the foot of the mast, and load hoisting means associated with the mast.

15. The combination with a supporting structure, of a crane comprising a mast in hinged connection with said supporting structure for movement between a recumbent position and other positions in which the mast is erect and substantially erect with a forward inclination, a brace pivoted to the mast at an elevated point thereon, provisions on the supporting structure for effecting connection of the lower end of said bracewith the. supporting structure at different distances from the foot of the mast, a boom pivoted to the mast, a boom topping line interengaged with the mast-and boom for raising and lowering the free end of the latter, and a load line leading from the outer part of the boom to the mast and hoisting means, said. lines being operable to lay down and erect the mast when the brace is disconnected from the supporting structure.

nection'with said supporting structure for movement between a recumbent position and other positions in which the mast is erect and substan- 1 tially erect with a forward inclination, a brace -16. The combination with a supporting structure, of a mast pivotally connected at its foot with the supporting structure to swing between a recumbent position and a substantially erect position, disconnectible'bracing means for holding it in erect position, a. boom pivoted to the mast to swing up and down, a boom topping line interengaged with the boom and mast for raising the boom; stop means for limitingpositively the upward movement of the'bo'om, whereby tension on said line tends to move the mast toward its recumbent position when the boom is so stopped, a load line passing from the outer part of the boom over guide means on the mast, and a snatch pulley connected with the supporting structure at the forward side of the mast in position for the load line to be passed around it in a course from said, guide means to a point at the rear of the mast, whereby the load line is effective for restraining the movement of the mast to recumbent position and for erecting the mast.

ROBERT CASPER SWANEY.