US2375466A - Rural stove - Google Patents

Description

M. CAROL RURAL STOVE May 8,1945.

Filed Oct. 21, 1941 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 R 5 00 U T N NA R C 0 V m A R A M M. CAROL RURAL STOVE May 8, 1945 Filed Oct. 21-, 194.1

2 sheets sheet 2 volve, certain'inconveniencesm i Patented May 8, 1945 2,375,456 some s'rov llllarius Carol, Nay, Basses-Pyrenees, France;

' vested in the Alien Property Custodian Application october 21, 19411, .serm No. 415,888

1 In France September 2, 1940 I 3 Olaims.

In the rural districts, an open fireplace is often .used for the cookingv of food, even to thepresent day, the fireplace being located below a big chimney, with or withoutfiredogs; while pans or pots are supported on a trivet standinginthe or hang from a pot-hanger. H

If such a stove of an extreme simple design allows one to burn branches and logs asthey come 1 from the faggots, it does, .on the other hand in- It is diiiicult to warm..simultaneouslyjseveral container in an appropriate manner, and. theheat produced is very small; also there are no regulating means, while the housekeeper has at herdisposal neitherovennor any meansto produce hot water. 1 This is the-reason why, ingsome dwellings, people use as supplementary apparatus,

1 a heating-apparatus termed 1a "(Dutch-oven? However, this apparatusis seldom used, for it requires coals, or at least, wood cut in small pieces, Q

and it warm the room to excess during the summer, and besides, its fire is not visible, which departs from rural practice, 1 i i The object of this invention isto produce a rural stove which in itself provides in the. best v manner all heating services the country-people may wish, in regards to utility as well as comfort.

This stoveconsists essentially of twoboxes that their upper portion, may serve for the heating of with-advantage surrounded the vent pipe of the gas issuing directly fromfl-the; fireplace, and thegaseswhich have circulated-in the space lim- 1 itediby the double wall of the boxes arelmechani's cally carried along ,by those issuingdirectly from the hearthby an exhausteffect. 1

, Preferably, the space between the two boxes is 1 1 provided in order, to form ,a' small self-acting hearth for wood or coal, suitable to be-used', for

vessels O1 pots in the same way-as dish-warmers.

, Naturally, the heating of these boxes easilyresults fromtheir heat conductivity, the parts which directly supportthe ignited fuel transmitting, the heat to the whole wall by radiation from the fire. In a1 more improvedform, theboxes are provided witha/double wall, so that a part of .the

combustion gas circulates within the space formed-bythis double wall before going to the chimney. 1 The heating-circuitsfor the two, boxes 1 mayaccording to thecase be disposed seriallyor in parallel. 1 w In order to insure agood circulationof; these ,gases, itisintended to heat their exhaust pipe in the chimney along a given distance by means of instance, when a single vessel is to beheated. It

is then. provided with platesin orderto provide a closed hearth. i In the following, will Fig.1 is a front elevation oi the stove.

Fig. 2 is atop plan view, of the'same.

Fig.3 is a side view'of the stove.

1 Fig; 4 is a sectional view on greater scalataken 1 on line4-41inFig.2. r

' Fig. '5 shows, in section, the gas exhaust and-also the point where the exhaust pipe; after warming the boxes, opens out to the exhaust pipe forthe gas issuing directly from the hearth.;. 1

" The rural stove embodying the invention m;-

marily includes twoboxes -A and B, leavingbetween them a certain space C. The rearsides l and 2 of these boxes are extended to forma'com .mOn' guard-plate 3 while the opposite sides land 5 have their upper portions mutually inclinedto wards one another, and together with the guardplate 3', encloseasmall hearth '8. These sides .4

and5 have opposite projections 1 and 8, which supportthe grate 9 of this hearth. Preferably;

the grate 9 doesnot' extend throughthev whole depthjof the boxes A and'B, but only through about the rear half of each. The front haltis 1 formed by a fullplate l0, with the result that a better-draught isobtained for the hearth 6.

Under the grate 9 and the plateflflan ash-pit H ;is provided, which lies slidably on a' plate exgas issuing'directlyfroa'm the hearth. Forthe same purpose,a part of the wall, of this exhaust pipe is formed by the guard-plate,itself that is to say by a plate-which forms an extension of the tending the wholelengthof theapparatusg 1 1 it The boxes'A'and B have twowallsl4 andl8 'forming a double wall. The inside wall" lA-of the ;box B beginsat-the inclined side5 of the said box and; has an upper horizontaljpart l5," a 'vertical part I6, and a lower horizontalpart l'l. The-box B has an-upperhorizontal part l-9,'a vertical-part 2.0, a lower horizontal part'ZL a vertica1 front side 22, :and therearside 2;while the outside wall 1 l8 and the inside wall l4 of said box together-de- -fine a space 23 which opens'to the hearth- 6 by imeanso' f' openings 2'4 and25 ,(-'Fig. -2);.'fRibs- 26 backside of the boxes. Besides, the said pipe. is 5;; "andffljcarry t e g s C nfi gifiromgopenings- 24 be described,.by way: ofa

practical example a rural stove made according to theinventionl. In the annexed drawings formingparthereof,

and25 through the entire depth of the space situ-.

. 1 ated-[between the vertical sides l6 and 2|). On the rearside '2 there'is an opening 28 which can be closed by a slider29 capable of being operate by means of a handle bar 30.

The box A al'so has a peripheral space 3|,-

vertical end 35, a vertical wall 36, an upper side 31 and an upper wall 38. The rear side I has an opening39, while the spaces 23 and 3| intercom-j i bounded-by the rearside I, the front side 32, thel lower side 33 with a lower horizontal wall 34, a

municate beneath the plate |3 throughout the entire depth of the apparatus. Projections 4ll'and 4| fixed on the plates 34 and H serve to support the plate |3; L The interiors of the boxes Aand" B form: ovens ,42 and 43 which include, if necessary; usual heating plates and grates, and which arejclosed by H). The gases then pass beneath the ashpit andreach the space3| bounded by the double wall on the box A, thus heating the oven 42 and the upper plate 31. space 3| through the opening 39 at the point where the exhaust pipe 55 opens, The circulation in the double wall of boxes A and B is effected in tWo ways, first by natural draught,

and also as a consequence of the heating alongf. an appreciable height, of the pipe 55, due to its contact with guard-plate 3 and of the circulanon around the pipe 55 of the gascontained in the pipe 58, and finally by the increase of speed in the narrow section 59, of the gas passing T through the space 60. All these factors are added together and ensure an effectual circulation. of

. the 'hotgas in the double wall of boxes Aand B.

doors 4; and 45 provided with handles. 45 and 1 41 (Fig.1) preferably insulated against heat. On the inside of the oven .42 a receptacle 48 is provided fora a removable boiler 49, having. a side 50 turned towards the hearth, and forming-apart o'fthe wall 4. Tubes 5| and52 connect the boiler to a hot water fitting. Onthe upper sides 31 and I8 of the boxes AandB openings are made which are closed by rings and concentrically disposed disks-53 'a'nd 54 .the disks fitting in the rings in the usual way, and forming the support means on which the vessels to be heated are placed.

From the opening 39 extends an exhaust pipe '55 for the burned gases, having a front side so in contacton averywidesur-face with the guard: xplatev 3, or may even form a part of the same plate; The front side of the pipe 55 preferably has waves or corrugations (not shownfor'pre serving the clarity of the drawings) in order to in-j crease'the surface, and whichcooperate' if necesf sary, with similar Waves of the plate 3.

' Theguard-plate 3 shows, above the hearth anopem'ng 51 which brings'the hearth into com-1,

munication with an exhaust pipe 58, surround in'g'theVertical part of the pipe 55. The walls ofthis last pipe are preferably corrugated onfthe portion which is surroundedby thepipe 58, while the pipe 55 itself ends at a certain limited height and thus opens into the .pipe 58. This latter' pipe, at the outlet point of pipe 55, preferably pan-s, boilers, etc.

atdisposal due'to the presence of the boiler The ovens 42 and 43 are used for cooking roast joints, pastry, etc, in the usual way. The upper plates l9 and 3'! of the boxes A and Bysupport simultaneously heated with the ovens.

' When just'a small fire is required, the-hearth 6 the pipe 62.

Whena" closed hearth is-requiredjthe'invene tion includes the addition-of an u pper plate and. a front plate on the hearth 6.

If the slider is maintained shut, the stove will then work as a exhibitsa decrease of its section, asshown at .59, in ,Venturl fashion, so that the gas passing through the space between the two pipes will -produce an exhausting effect and carry, along,

mechanically, the gas contained in the pipe'55, The pipesand 58 are controlled by registers 55*: and,58

Aremovable door 6| is advantageously prep vided inithe vertical side :Zfljof the box B, ad-, jacent to the beginning of the circuit of the gas circulating around the ovens 42 and 43. i

. The: guard-plate has one or severabtumable supports, (notv shown for the sake of clarity the drawings) which may be used as pot-hangers to suspend vessels to be heated, and inthis way providing a sort of pot hanger rack serving for the suspension of vessels. However, conventional pot-hanger rack may also be used.

To use the stove mbodying the invention, the logs or thebranches to :be used as fuel are placed on the hearth and lighted. Apart of the gases and flames resulting from the combustion escapes by means of the aperture 51 towards the pipe 58.

Another-part of these gases enters the space 23, by way of the openings 24'and 25. In normal conditions, the opening. 28 is closed by a'slider 29'.

, During the circulation of the gases in the space Y 23, theyheat the oven 43 and the upper' plate Dutch-oven. fIf the slider 29 is open,the-gases. issuing from the hearth fiescapethrough the openings 24 and Z'B'andthe pipe" 62 which con duct them to the pipe 58. r e

In a modified form, the pipe 62 is arranged to open into the pipe 55. In thisform it is easier to joint the pipes 55 and 62 to constitute a single pipe, wide enough at its base to be capable of receivingthe' gases escaping from the opening 39,

as well as those. issuing from the openin'g 28, I

;'When a decrease in the radiation of the stove is required, for instance during summertime, the. door 6| has to be opened, thus opening the circulation so that the spaces 23 and 3|, instead of being traversed by hotgas, are then filled with cool air, which comes fromthe premises which 1 1 are ventilated, or from outdoors, by means of an air vent. (Not shown.) To produce such circulation, the ports 28 and 39'are opened when the door 5| is opened whereby the cool air passing through'the door 6| will be caused. by the draft moving cool air to maintain the ovens cool atall in the chimneys to be exhausted through the space '23and port 28 to the pipe 62; and through the space 3| andthe port 39 into the chimney 55 thereby surrounding both ovens by constantly times. r I

The upper sides of the boxes can of" course be coveredwith insulating material in order to re-.

duce the radiation of the stove, and hence,,a brick layer maybeprovided.

'- Furthermore, it is desirable to" provide :extensions'on'the front sides 32' and 22 of the boxes,

particularly inorder to prevent falling of the logs lying on the-boxes. On the drawings are shown,

f for this purpose, tworuns 63 and 64' (Figs. 1 to '3) which are preferably thermally insulated from the other parts of the apparatus, in order to avoid accidental burns aillicting' the attendants.

The gases ,issue from the Also hot water is permanently a When a great amount of hot water is required, supplementary boilers may be provided within the stove or behind the guard-plate, and more particularly next to the pipe 58. The occasional operation of chimney-sweeping is made easy by a trap-door 65 in an extension of the pipe 55.

In the described structure, the heating circuits of the two boxes are disposed-in series, that is to say, one after the other. After having passed through the channels surrounding the box B, the gases then pass through the space associated with the box A. In another form or modification, the invention includes the arrangement of the two heating circuits, not in series, but in parallel,

which will cause the heating of the two ovens to become more uniform.

A gas intake of the gases circulating in the vertical pipe 55 may be obtained by shunting gas out from the stove to supply a drying or an evap orating device. The shunting pipe 66 (Fig. 5) used for this purpose is controlled by a hinged shutter 61, and the return pipe 68 cooperates therewith to return the gases to pipe 55.

The area of the openings 24 and 25 may, if desired, advantageously be controlled by a shutter (not shown) whose opening occurs, for instance, by movement in the opposite direction to that of the guard-plate. The purpose of this shutter is to open, in the case of a ver small fire, only the limited part of the openings 24 and 25 corresponding to the hearth and so, to prevent cold air from entering the heating circuit.

The stove made according to the present in vention is normally laid directly on the ground. However, in some cases it may be better to support it by means of feet in a raised position, or

by putting it on a foundation. In this last case, an opening is provided allowing communication of the ash pit with a receptacle located in the foundation, and whose capacity is suflicient to contain the ashes of several days.

Having now fully described my invention, I

claimw 1. A stove comprising a casing comprising a pair of horizontally spaced oven compartments,

a hearth located in the space between said oven compartments, an oven supported in each oven compartment, the laterally inward walls of the ovens forming sides of the hearth, and the1tops, the outer ends, and the bottomsof the ovens being spaced from the tops, outer ends, and bottoms of the oven compartments so as to define.

channels for air and products of combustion, the laterally inward ends of the portions of said channels below the bottom of the ovens communicating with each other andthe laterally inward end of the portion of the channel above one of the ovens opening into the hearth, lateral-- ly inwardly extending partition means dividing the portion of the channel above said one ofthe ovens into at least two conduits leading from the region or the channel'at the outer end of the last products of combustion issuing from said hearth mentioned oven to the adjacent side of the hearth, a closable port formed through the back of the oven compartment containing the lastmentioned oven opening into the rearmost one of said conduits, adjustable obscurating means for said port, dualchimney means comprising a main exhaust chimney formed on the back of the casing and having a port opening directly into the upper part of the hearth, a secondary exhaust chimney having its mouth spacedly surrounded by a portion of said main chimney, said closable port opening into said main exhaust chimney, and a second port in the other oven compartment connected to said secondary chimney to circulate a portion of the hot combustion gases through said channels when said closable port is closed.

2. In a stove, a casing having laterally spaced oven compartments open at their inner ends, a hearth space separating the oven compartments, a grate supported in said hearth spaceabove the bottom of the casing, with an ashpit beneath the grate in said hearth space, a main chimney on the back of the casing closing the back of the hearth space and having a port opening into the I upper part of the back of the hearth space above the grate, ovens supported in said oven compartments withtheir inner walls forming sides for the hearth below the tops of the compartments, said ovens being spaced below the tops, and from the outer ends,and above the bottoms of said oven compartments so as to define channel means leading from the upper part of the hearth space along the top of one of the ovens, down along the outer end thereof, across the bottoms of the ovens, up

along the outer end of the other oven, and along the top of the other oven, means establishing communication between'the portions of the channel means beneath the ashpit, 'a secondary chimney f on the back of the casing having its mouth spacedly surrounded by the main chimney, a first port formed in the back of the casing and opening into the upper part of the channel means over said one of the ovens and openin into said I main chimney, adjustable closing means for said first port, anda second port formed in the back of the casing and opening into the upper part of the channel means over said other out the ovens and opening into said secondary chimney thereby to circulate a portion of the hot combustion gases through said channels when said first port is closed.

3: A stove according to claim 2 wherein said main chimney has a constriction therein and the secondary chimney vents into the main chimney at said constriction to provide a venturi relation'whereby the streams of air and gaseous combustion in said hearth space are advantaged.

I MARIUS CAROL.

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