US2374818A

US2374818A - Steam generator

Info

Publication number: US2374818A
Application number: US413436A
Authority: US
Inventors: John H Jacobs
Original assignee: Babcock and Wilcox Co
Current assignee: Babcock and Wilcox Co
Priority date: 1941-10-03
Filing date: 1941-10-03
Publication date: 1945-05-01
Anticipated expiration: 1962-05-01

Description

' y 1, 1945. J. H. JACOBS ,374,818

STEAM GENERATOR Filed Oct. 5, 1941 4 s Sheets-Sheet 1 Fig.1

IN VENTOR.

John H. Jacobs W Attorney J. H. JACOBS STEAM GENERATOR May 1,, '1945.

Filed Oct. 5, 1941 s Sheets-Sheet 2 1N VENTOR. BY John 11'. (1216055 Attorney y 1945. J. H. JAcdBs ,8

STEAM GENERATOR Filed Oct. 3, 1941 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 INV ENT OR.

JOIN? H Jacobs Attorney Patented May I, 1945 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE r 2,374,818 i I STEAM GENERATOR John H. Jacobs, Fanwood, N. J., assignor to The Babcock & Wilcox Company, Newark, N. J.,- a corporation of New Jersey Application October 3,1941, Serial'No. 4 13,436 2 Claims. (01. 122--406) My present invention relates to the construction of water tube steam boilers of the natural circulation type having two or more vertically spaced drums or headers connected by downcomer or downfiow water pipes for supplying water to a bank of steam generating tubes connecting said drums or headers, and more particularly, to boilers of the type described wherein the boiler casing is double Walled and the air used for combustion purposes is preheated While passing through a section of the double walled casing.

The main object of my invention is the provision of an improved construction and location of the downcomer or water supply pipes in a steam boiler of the character described, whereby the boiler fluid circulation is improved and a higher combustion air temperature attained, while increasing the boiler overall efficiency and reducing the cost of construction of the boiler.

The various features of novelty which characterize my invention are pointed out with particularity in the claims annexed to and forming a part of this specification. For a better understanding of the invention, its operating advan-v tages and specific objects attained by its use, a:

Fig. 1 is a sectionalelevation of a three-drum marine boiler of the character described and embodying my invention;

Fig. 2 is a vertical longitudinal section taken On the line 2-2 of Fig. 1;

ported by spaced water tubes I3 of the bank.

The furnace is arranged between the tube banks Fig. 3 is an enlarged plan section taken on the 7 line 33 of Fig. 1; and

Fig. 4 is a detail showing the arrangement of the fins on one of the downcomer pipes.

While my invention is adapted for use in various types of natural'circulation steam boilers in which downcomers or Water supply pipes at one or both ends of the steam generating banks are employed to return water from a steam and water drum to a lower drum or header, the invention is particularly applicable to water tube boilers adapted for use in marine installations. The steam boiler illustrated in the drawings is a three-drum divided furnace high pressureboiler of the general type illustrated in U. S. Patent 2,101,106, and comprises an upper steam and water drum I and spaced lower water drums I I and I2, connected to the lower portion of the. drum ID by inclined banks of curved steam tional construction consisting of the spaced front I3 and I4 divided into laterally adjoining sections by a closed vertical partition 20 including a row of vertical water tubes 2I connectingthe drum II] to a'horizontally arranged lower header 22 below the furnace. The tubes 2I are studded to support the refractory material closing the intertube spaces. The furnace section 25 between the Water tube bank. I3 and partition 20 is the superheater furnace, and the heating gases therefrom pass across thesuperheater tubes I and steam generating tubes I3 to an outlet flue 26 containing an economizer 21.

section 28 between the tube bank lland parti' tion is the saturated furnace and the gases therefrom pass across the steam generating tubes I4 to an outletflue 29 containing an economizer 3!).

Boilers of this type normally have a double front, i; e., a double-walled construction for the front or burner side of the boiler casing. The inner front Wall 32 is provided with burner ports 33, in which suitable fluid fuel'burners 34 are horizontally arranged to discharge fuel into the furnace sections and 28. The air required for combustion passes through the space between the innerfront wall 32 and the outer front wall 35, and the air supply to each burner is controlled by a separate air register 3I. With such an arrangement the boiler may be operated to produce either saturated steam only or superheated steam withv a controllable .range of superheat temperatures.

walls

32 and 35, inner and

outer side walls

36 and 31, and inner and outer

rear Walls

38 and 33 respectively, with thespaces therebetween communicating throughout their height to provide a divided air flow path of low flow resistance. The side wall spaces are closed at their bottoms at the approximate level of the drums II and I2.

The front and rear casing spaces are each divided by a central vertical partition 40 to prevent air flow between the saturated and superheated sides of the unit. The outer rear wall 39 is provided with relatively large rectangular air inlet openings 4| and 42 arranged at opposite sides of the The furnace between the side walls of the casing, and thence downwardly and inwardly through the front walls of the casing to the air registers 36 and burner j ports 33, being preheated during its passage by, radiation from and contact with the walls of the casing. Preheating the combustion air inthis manner reduces the radiation losses of the unit and correspondingly increases its overall effi ciency.

, With the fluid heating surface of the boiler arranged for a single pass flow of heating gases thereover from the furnace to the outlet flue, substantially all of the tubes in'the banks l3 and M will generate steam and have an upward fluid flow therein. To insure an adequate supply of water to the generating tube banks in boilers of this type, external downcomer or water supply pipes are normally provided at each end of each bank to connect the water space of the drum ID to the drums H and I2,-and the drum H to the h'eader 22 to insure a water supply to the tubes 2|. Such external supply pipes are usually insulated to reduce radiation losses and this location of the'downcomers requires a corresponding increase in the length of the drums ll], ll

and I2. In some cases the downcomers have been aranged inside the inner walls of the casing and enclosed to avoid contact with the heating gases.

In accordance with my invention, the water space in the drum I is separately connected to the drums II and I2 by downcomer tubes 50 arrangedin groups at opposite ends of the drums and having their entire length in the path of combustion air flow in the space between the double walls of the casing. As shown, seven downcomer tubes are arranged at each end of each tube bank. Most of the downcomer tubes are provided throughout substantially their entire 'length with extended surface in the form of annular metallic fins 5|, preferably of copper or aluminum, suitably secured thereon in heat transfer relation. The relative arrangement of the air inlets, burner ports, and downcomer tube fins is such as to provide an air flow across the downcomer tubes substantially in the planes of the fins, thus providing an effective heat transfrom the downcomer tubes and fins tends to c on-' dense any steam bubbles present in the downfiowing water in the downcomers, thereby increasing the density of the fluid therein and the natural circulation effect. In this location no insulation is required for the downcomers and the boiler radiation losses are minimized. The downcomers are readily accessible for inspection and repairs by removing the corresponding section of the outer wall of the casing.

While in accordance with the provisions of the statutes I have illustrated and described herein the best form of the invention now known to me, those skilled in the art will understand that changes may be made in the form of the apparatus disclosed without departing from the spirit of the invention covered by my claims, and that certain features of the invention may sometimes be used to advantage without a corresponding use of other features.

I claim:

l. A natural circulation steam boiler comprising an upper steam and water drum, a lower water drum, a bank of steam generating tubes connecting said drums, a furnace adjacent one side of said tube bank, a fluid fuel burner at one end of said furnace arranged to discharge fuel into said furnace, a casing enclosing said furnace and tube bank and having spaced inner and outer side andend walls arranged to form a passage for combustion air to said fuel burner,

. an air inlet to said casing air space at the furnace end opposite said fuel burner, downcomer tubes connecting the water space of said steam and water drum to said lower drum and arranged in the path of combustion air flow between said casing walls, metallic heat transfer fins mounted on said downcomer tubes in planes transversely of the axes of said downcomer tubes, and said air inlet, fuel burner and downcomer tubes being relatively arranged to provide an air flow across said downcomer tubes substantially in the planes of said fins.

2. A natural circulation steam boiler comprising an upper steam and water drum, a lower water drum, an inclined bank of steam generating tubes connecting said drums, a furnace adjacent one side of said tube bank, a, fluid fuel burner at one end of said furnace arranged to discharge fuel into said furnace, a casing enclosing said furnace and tube bank and having spaced inner and outer side and end walls arranged to form a passage for combustion air to said fuel burner, an air inlet to said casing air space at the other furnace end and substantially opposite said fuel burner, inclined downcomer tubes connecting the water space of said steam and water drum to said lower drum and arranged at opposite ends of said tube bank in the path of combustion air flow between said casing walls, metallic heat transfer fins mounted on said downcomer tubes in planes transversely of the axes of said downcomer tubes, and said air inlet, fuel burner and downcomer tubes being relatively arranged to provide an air flow across said downcomer tubes substantially in the planes of said fins.

JOHN H. JACOBS.