US2373252A - Truck - Google Patents

Description

Apfil 10, 1945. M. H. MIARTIN TRUCK Filed Feb; 16, 1943 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 ,m r a a w. m,

M. MARTIN April 10, 1945. I

TRUCK Filed Feb. 16, 1943 :5 SheetS-Shet 2 I April 10', 1945. M. H. MARTIN i 2,373,252

TRUCK Patented'Apr. 1c, 1945' uni-T D STATES PATENT orgies 2,313,252

, TRUCK Mark H. Martin, Beading, Pa., assignor'to Birdsboro Steel Foundry and Machine Company, Birdsboro, Pa.,-a corporation of Pennsylvania. Application February 16, 1943, Serial No.'47.6 ,099 as Claims. (cl. 105-1971) My invention relates to railway car tracks of the freight earjtypeand, in particular, a truck characterized by good riding qualities, capacity called double truss side frame which is more par-' strength potentialities of the frame design in than is obtained in previous designs with a reticularly described and claimed in United States f Letters Patent No. 1,652,808, dated December 13,

the tension portion of the main truss-i defined by the usual horizontal beam member of the frame between the lower ends of theholster columns and by the diagonal members extending towards the journal boxes, and the tension portion of th aui'riliary truss extendsupwardly and outwardly from near the center of the s ring seat odiedin portion of the frame. A actually e the frame, this auxiliary tension portion is ofi'set or raised relative to the tension member of the maintrussand forms triangular shaped reinforcements atthe junctions of the bolster columns that this construction materially strengthens the side frame by reducing or minimizing the deflectionoi the spring seat portion.

Many twes offspring suspensions have been employed to transfer the bolster loadto the'iore sulting economy o'fxmetal in the frame and low average maximum fibre stresses.

A further object'is to devise a truck of the character indicated in which the spring load is dividedbetween the main and auxiliary trusses of the side the sideframe through a leaf spring so that this bolsterload which is distributed to. the central.

portion of the side frame through the coil springs.

A further object is the provisiorlof'a doubletruss side frame assembly .which incorporates a non-synchronous spring suspension, certain por tions of the suspension transmitting the bolster load directly to the spring' eat portion of the frame constituting a part of the main truss and other portions transmitting directly to the auxiliary truss.

These and further objects of my invention will beset forth in'the following specification, referand spring seat portion. It has been; ascertained going type of frame, including simple coilspr ing- I groups and combinations of such springs and fork absorptive springs or snubbers, .but in all cases, so far as lam aware, the spring loading has'been applied to the frame substantially in.-

wardly of the bolster guide columns and against I theispring seat portion otthe' frame. Accord- 'ingly, the load is concentrated generally at the' center of the frame-with the result that the full spring. 1

shoe being had to the accompanying drawings, andthe novel means by which said objects are eflectuated will be definitely pointed out in the claims.

In the drawings: I I Fig. 1 is a side elevation of one form of my improved truck, partly in section.

Fig. 2 is a sectional plan view of. one-of the side frames taken along the line 2- 2 in Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is' a.section along the line H in' Fig. 1 showing the springseat for an end of the leaf trat'ed'by way of'exa'mple one form'of my inv lf tipn'as applied to a spring Plankless truck" in which the side frames embody 'so-called radial column guides to provide a controlled relative movement betweenthe bolster and side frames and accordingly a controlled flexibility of the truck. My improved truck i equipped with the usual wheels and journals l I which are received \within Journal boxes I! having the conventional wedges and brasses (not shown). The boxes are located at the ends of and preferably formed integrally with a generally hollowside frame ll comprising a compression member H, atension member l5 and bolster guide columns or strut portions .l6 which space intermediate portions of the compression and tension members anddeline between the columns a bolster window openfine between the columns a bolster window opening l'l. As illustrated, the members are joined to each other and to the journal boxes I 2, although the latter may be separately formed if desired and inthis event, the ends of the frame would be jaw-shapedin thewe'll known manner.

Between th i5 -is formed generally witha box section comprising an upper web I La lower web I! and side walls 20. As indicated in Fig. 2, the web ll is extended laterally beyond thewalls. to form a spring seat portion or support as hereinafter explained and these shelves may be braced by gusset portions 22 which extend laterally from the walls Ill and underlie the shelves.

aa'raasa end of a truck bolster "which may a .box section and which is vertically slidable be- This construction provides tween the columns. fora certain flexibility of the truck due to the capacity for relative movement between the boister and side frames occasioned when one frame Full bearing contact betends to lead. the other. tween the bolster and frames is. maintained during this movement in contrast tothe limited and from the side frames.

columns ll, the tension member shelves which together with the web li'fo'rm -In order to rigidify and strengthen the tension member I! and the junction between this member and the columns II, the upper portion of the "member is offset or embossed along the longitudinal center line of the frame on each side of the junction of the respective bolster columns with the member. This oifsetting of the tension member takes the form of upper, diagonally dis-.

posed webs 2: which begin near and on opposite sides of the center of the web IO and extend diagonally upward through the bolster guide columns is towards the ends of the frame. The width of the web 23 is somewhat less than the transverse thickness of the tension member II The bolster is partially supported by a cluster of coil springs 32 arranged as an inner and-an outer group relativ to the side frame, four such springs being shown in the present instance, al-

though the number in upper spring plate 33 which seats against the under side of the bolster and. is held in position by lugs ll projecting into apertures 35 in the bottom wall of thebclster, while the lower ends rest on a bottom spring plate 35 which bears on the. web it and shelves II; The periphery of the plate 3 may be upwardly flanged as at if to retain the lower ends of the springs 32 and notched as at a so that the ends of the plate lengthwise of the frame straddle the reinforcements 25.

The bolster is also supported on a semi-elliptic ieaf'spring "which is disposed lengthwise-of the frame between the groups of coil springs 32 and the centerband 40 of the leaf spring projects through an opening ll in'the plate 33 for direct loading by the bolster. extend from the band." into an aperture 43 provided in the lower web of the bolster. The ends of the leaf spring are seated in pockets 44, each and the beam section of this member between the columns and is connected to the diagonal tension portionsof the member and the web ll by'depending-side walls 14. inwardly of the columns it, the. webs II and side walls 24 form triangular reinforcements or; embossments I! I which are connected to the columns and web II. In e'fiect, the webs 28 and side walls 2| provide an auxiliary tension reinforcing portion for the maintensionimember Ii and also provide in conjunction with the common compression memher an auxiiiarytruss which cooperates with the main truss of the side frame comprising the memhers I! and II and the columns I. speaking, this construction stiifens the frame. re-

Generally duces the deflection of the portion of the main tension member between the columns ll and permits anincrease in the'strength of the frame for any givenweight. For further details regarding the structural aspects of the frame and the truss design theory involved. attention is [directed to the above noted patent.

In the particular side frame illusmted in Fig.

l, thecolumns it are provided with adding surfaces" which possess a concave, cylindrical curthe vertical center line .21 of the side frame": 1 -The surfaces 26 have guiding relation with complementary convex surfaces II provided on, each of which is. included in a block 45 integrally formed withand extending upwardly from a reinforcement 25 adjacent abolster column and r I 7 provided with side flanges 46 as retainersfor the ends of the spring. I

Under operating conditions, the springs 32 and 3!- act in unison and in parallel, load transfer relation to. transmit loads to the side frame.

, Owing to the work absorptive nature of the spring j l0, its natural period of vibration is different from the coil springs 32 so a mutual dampening action is set up which inhibits any tendency towards synchronous vibration. This type 'of- A vibration, common in the simple coil spring SUS-t pension, may, in the-event of synchrojfization with'the freduency of shocks transmitte'dto the true): by wheel or rail irregularities or out of sur,--' facerail joints, increasethe amplitude of the rollof the carbody sufliciently to cause-derailment] on curves or may drive the springs solid with. resulting uncushioned shocks on,the rails and possible failure of the springs.

. This spring, grouping distributesthe load well over the portiomof the tension member between y the bolster columns and allocates the load to the vatufe; the axis of the curvature coinciding with 4 main and auxiliary trusses of the frame. In thisconnection, it will be noted that the auxiliary truss-portion represented by the web 2! acts as a spring load carrying part in addition to its usual 4 ay be varied as desired. The upper ends of the springs bear against an A'centering lug 42 may V load thing function with respect to that portion of the bolster load which is applied to the web It. By delivering the leaf spring load to the blocks 45 which are adjacent and connected to the columns to, it is possible to avoid concentrating the bolsterdoad at the center of the frame with the accompanying I objectionable tendency towards deflection of the portion of the tension member between the bolster columns. It is therefore possible to avoid areas of critical load-. ing on the frame and to accordingly distribute the metal in the frame in a more efiective manner for any given strength factor. In general, all of the foregoing features have been combined so that the truck is characterized by good riding qualities, capacity for high speed service andeasy assembly and replacement of the several parts of the truck.

It is contemplated that existing double truss side frames may be conditioned to provide the frame shown in Fig. 1 by means of blocks ill (see Fig. 4) -whose under side is shaped to fit and which would be welded or otherwise secured to a reinforcement 25 adjacent a column 16. This block would be comparable to' the block IS in Fig. 1 and would include a spring pocket 48 flanked by retaining flanges 49.

In Figs. 5 and 6 is illustrated a modified design which differs only in that the ends of a semi elliptic, leaf spring 50,.comparable to the spring 39, extends through-openings 5| in bolster columns 52, respectively, for support on auxiliary tension webs stfcorresponding to the-webs 23, outwardly of the columns. Otherwise, this modification is identical with that shown in Fig. 1.

It will be understood that the invention is not restricted to a spring plankless, radial column spring 3 by the bolaten'the coil springs resting on the seat and the ends of the leaf 7 spring on the reinforct.

4. In a truck, the combination of a truss side frame having a compression-member, a tension member, bolster guide columns extending between the members, a spring seat included between the columns and an auxiliary truss reinforcement for.

the tension member beginning inwardly of the columns and extending upwardly in opposite directions from the spring seat, a bolster slidable between the columns, and a spring assembly com- V prising coil springs and a semi-elliptic leaf spring loaded by the bolster, the coil springs resting on the spring seat and the ends of theleaf spring extending through openings in the columns for support by the reinforcement.

5. In a truck, the combination ofa truss side a frame having a spring seat, bolster guide columns at the ends of the seat, and a tension member provided with main and auxiliary truss tension portions, a bolster slidable between the columns, and aspring assembly comprising coil springs between the bolster and spring seat and leaf spring means loaded by the bolster and supported on the auxiliary tension portion.

6. In a truck, the combination of a truss side V frame having a compression member, a tension member provided with main and auxiliary truss tension portions, bolster guide columns extending between the members and aspring seat included between the columns, a bolster slidable between truck, but may also be incorporated in the more common types of truck which utilize, spring planks or flat sided bolsters and bolster columns. I claim: 1. In a truck, the combination of a truss side frame havinga spring seat and bolster guide columns at. the ends of the seat, an, auxiliary truss reinforcement for the tension member of the frame extending in opposite directions upwardly from and having spring pockets adjacent the ends of the spring seat, a. bolster slidable between the columns, and a spring assembly comprising coil springs between the bolster and spring seat and a semi-elliptic leaf spring loaded by the bolster and disposed lengthwise of the frame, the ends of the leaf spring seating in the pockets.

2. In a truck, the combination of a truss side frame having acompression member, a tension member, bolster guide columns extending between the members, a spring seat included between the -columns and an auxiliary truss reinforcement for th tension member extending in opposlte directions upwardly from the'spring seat; a bolster 'slidable betweenthe columns, and a spring assembly comprising freely acting and work absorptive springs loadedby the bolster, one kind of springs resting on the spring seat and the other on the-reinforcement.

3. In a truck, the combination of a truss side frame having a compression member, a tension member, bolster guide columns extending between the members, a spring seat included between the columns and an auxiliary truss reinforcement for the tension member beginning inwardly of the columns and extending in opposite directions upwardly from the spring seat, a bolster, slidable between the fcolumns, and a spring assembly comprising coil springs and a semi-elliptic leaf the columns, and a spring assembly comprising coil springs between the bolster and spring seat from the spring seat, and a leaf spring seat on the auxiliary portion adjacent each column.

8. A side frame comprising a compression member, a, tension member having main and auxiliary truss tension portions, bolster guide columns extending between the members and a springseat included between the columns, the auxiliary tension portions beginning inwardly of the columns and extending upwardly in opposite directions from the spring seat and each column being aper; tured to a size adequate to receive a leaf spring for support by the auxiliary portions outwardly of the columns. 1 a

9. In a truck, the combination of a side frame 1 comprising a compression member, a tension member having main and auxiliary truss tension portions, bolster guide columns extending betweenthe members to form a window opening, the auxiliar'y tension portions beginning inwardly of the I I columns and extending upwardly in opposite dilib motions, and a semi-ellipticleaf spring disposed in the opening for loading by .a bolster and having its emk supported on the auxiliary portion adjacent the columns.

10. In a truck, the combination of a side frame comprising a compression member, a tension member having main and auxiliary truss tension portions, bolster guide columns extending be.-

tween the members to fox-ma window opening, the

auxiliary tension portions beginning inwardly of the columns and extending upwardly in opposite directions, and a semi-elliptic leaf spring disposed in the opening for loading by a bolster and having its ends extending through openings in the columns for support by the auxiliary portions out wardly of the columns.

11. In truck construction employmga double truss,side frame having a main tension member and having a pocket for receiving one end of another bolster loaded spring.

2,878,252 r r v member provided with a main tension portion and ets extending oppositely from the central part of and alongthe main tension portion to form an auxiliary truss reinforcement for the frame, bolster guide columns extending between the members and a spring seat included between the columns, a bolster slidable between the columns, and a s rin assembly comprising coil springs between the bolster and spring seat and leaf spring means supported onthe embossments inwardly of and close to the columns.

12.In a truck, the combination of a double" truss side frame having a spring seat and embossments extending oppositely from the seat along the frame tension member to' form an auxiliary truss reinforcement, a bolster operably related to the frame, and a spring assembly comprising coil springs between the bolster and spring seat and a leaf spring loaded by the bolster and having its ends bearing on the embossments.

13. In a truck, the combination of a double truss side frame having a compression member, a tension'member, bolster guide columns extending between the members, a spring seat on the tension member between the columns, embossments extending from the seat inwardly of the columns in opposite directions along the tension member to form an auxiliary truss reinforcement for the frame, a bolster slidable between the columns, and a spring assembly comprising coil springs between the bolster and spring seat and a leaf spring loaded by the bolster and having its ends bearing on the embossments inwardly of the columns. v

1?. In a truck, the combination of a double truss side frame having a compression member,

a tension member, bolster guide columns ex-' tending between the members, a spring seat on the tension member between the columns, embossments extending oppositely from the seat along the tension member, a bolster slidable between the columns, and a springassembly comprising" coil springs between the bolster and spring seatand a leaf spring loaded by the bolster and having its ends extending through openings in the columns for support by the embossments.

- 15. In a truck, the combination of a trussside frame having a spring seatand embossments extending oppositely from the'seat along the frame tension member to form an;auxiliary truss reinforcement for the frame, the emts having spring pockets adjacent the ends of the spring seat, a bolster operably related to the-frame, and

a spring assembly comprising coil springs between the bolster and spring seat and a semi-elliptic ledf 16. In a truck, the combination of a truss side frame having a compression member, a tension member, bolster guide columns extending between I8. A side frame comprising a compression member; a tension member provided with a main tension portion and embossments therefor, bolster guide columns extending between the members and a spring seat included between the columns, the embossments beginning inwardly of the columns and extending upwardly in opposite directions from the spring seat to form an auxiliary the embossments beginning inwardly ofthe'columns and extending upwardly in oppositedirections from the spring seatto provide an auxiliary truss reinforcement for the main tension portion and each column being apertured to a size adequate to receive a leaf spring for support by the associated embossment outwardly of the column.

20. In a truck, the combination of aside frame comprising a compression member, a tension memberhaving a main tension portion and embossments therefor, bolster guide columns extending between the members to form a window opening, the embossments beginning inwardly of the columns and extending upwardly in opposite directions, to provide an auxiliary truss reinforcementfor the main tension portion, and a semielliptic leaf spring disposed in the opening for loading by a bolster and having itsends extending through openings in the columns for support by the embossments outwardly of the columns.

21. In truck construction employing a double ster loaded springs. as block shaped for securement'to and bearing on each embossment and having a pocket for receiving one end of another bolster loaded spring.

spring loaded by the bolster and disposed lengthwise "of the frame, the ends of the leaf spring. seating inthepockets.

the members, a spring seat included between the columns, embossments for the tension member beginning inwardly of the columns and extending in opposite directions from the spring seat, a bolster slidable between the columns, bad a sprin assembly comprising coil springs and a semi-ellip "-tic leaf spring loaded by ,the bolster, the coil springs resting on the sprin seat and the ends of the leaf spring through openings in l T the columns forsupport by the 17, In struck, the combination of a truss side 22. In a truck, the combination of a sideframe having a compression member, a tension member, bolster guide columns bridged between the membars, a spring seat on the tension member between the columns and auxiliary, diagonaltension portions extending from the spring seat inwardly of the columns in opposite directions toward the ends of the tension member, a bolster siidable between the columns, anda spring assembly com-'- 'p'rising coil springs between the bolster and spring seat and plate spring means loaded by the bolster and supported on the portions.

23. In a truck,the combination of a side frame having a. compression member, a tension member,

bolster guide columns bridgedbetween the members, a'spring seat on the tension member between the columns and auxiliary, diagonal tension members extending from the spring seat inwardly of frame having a compression member, a tension is the columns in opposite directions toward the on .the Portions.

- spring seat. and a leaf loaded by the bolster within the window opening extending from the spring columns in opposite directions toward the ends intermediately asrasss ends of the tension member, a bolster slidable between the columns, and a spring assembly comprising coil springs between the bolster and spring seat and plate spring means loaded by the bolster and supported on the auxiliary-members,

' the coil springs and plate spring means being arranged in parallel, load transfer relation.

24. In a truck, the'combination of a side frame having a compression member, atension' member, bolster guide columns bridged between the members, a spring' seat onthe tension'member between the columns and auxiliary, tension portions extending from the spring seat inwardly of the columns in "opposite directions toward the sion portions extending from the spring seat inwardly of the column in opposite directions toward the ends oi the tension member, a bolster slidable between the columns, and a spring assembly comprising coil springs between the bolster and spring seat and -leai spring-disposed lengthwise of the frame and intermedie-tely loaded by the bolster, the ends of the leaf spring bearing on' theportions.

26. In a. truck, the combination of a side frame having a compression member, a tension member, bolster guide, columns bridged between the members to include fa. window opening, a. spring seat on the tension member between the columns and auxiliary, diagonal tension portions extend ingfroni the spring seat inwardly of the columns in opposite directions toward the ends of thetension member, a bolster siidable between the columns, and a spring assembly comprising coil springs between the bolster andbpring seat and plate spring meanshaving a loaded by the bolster within the window openingand supported on the portions. 4

27. In truck, the combination of a side 'frame having a compression member, a ten- I sion member, bolster guide. columns ,bridgdhkQ tween the/members to include a window opening, aspring seat on the tension member between. the columns and aumliary, diagonal tension portions extending from the spring seat inwardly of the ,columns in opposite directions toward the ends voi the tension member, a bolster slidable between the columns, and a spring assembly comprising' coil springs between the bolster and .spring intermediately and having its ends bearing on the portions. 28; In atruck, the combination of; side frame having .a compression member, a tension. member, bolster guide columnsbridged between the members to include" a window. opening., a on the tensiorix-member between "the spring; seat columns and auxiliary, diagonal tension portions seat inwardlyof the tween the columns the window opening, the ends of the leaf spring bearing on the portions.

29. In. a truck, the-combination of a side frame having .a compression member, a tension member,

bolster guide columns bridged between the member'sra spring seat on the tension member be-'. tween thecolumns and auxiliary, diagonal ten sion portions extending from the spring seat inwiardly of the columns in opposite directions toward'the ends of the tension member, a bolster slidable between the columns, and a spring assembly comprising a central cluster of coil springs between the bolster and spring seatwand leaf spring means loaded by the bolster and having its ends extending in opposite directions from the cluster for support on the portions.

30. In a truck, the combination of a side frame having a compression member, a tension member, bolster guide columns bridged between the members, a spring seat on. the tension member between the columnsand auxiliary, diagonal ten-. sion portions extending from the spring seat inwardly of the columns in opposite directions toward the ends of the tension'member, a bolster slidable between the columns, and a. spring as- 'seinbly comprising a central cluster of coil springs between the zbolster spring means loaded by the bolster and extending lengthwise of the frame and having its ends 'mojecting in opposite directions from the cluster for support on the portions.

31. In a truck, the combination ofa side frame having a compression member, bolster guide columns bridged between the members, a'spring seat on the tension member be- I I, and auxiliary, diagonal tension portions extending from the spring beat inwardly of the columns in opposite directions to-.-

Hward the ends of the tension member, a bolster slidable between the columns, and a spring assembly comprising a central cluster of coil springs arranged-in inner and outer groups between the bolsterand spring seat and leaf spring means loaded by the bolsterfand extending lengthwiseof the frame between the groups and having its ends projecting in. opposite directions from the cluster. for support on the portions.

x "3'2. Ina truck, the combination of aside frame having a compression member,- a tension membn bol'ster gnide columns bridged between then embers', a springseatgn the tension member betweenthe'coiumns and auxiliaryfdiagonai ten- I sion' portions extending from the spring seat inwardly of thecolumns in opposite directions to ward the ends of the tension memberya' bolster slidablegbetween the columns,and a spring assembly comprising coil sprin s between the 1501-" ster and spring seat and plate spring means loaded. by the bolster andsuDDM'ted on the portions adjacent-the columns.

- I33. Ina truck, the combination ofa side frame having .a compression member,a tension member, bolster guide columns bridged between the members, the members -'and columns constituting a main truss-,a spring seat on the tension member between the columns and auxiliary truss portions extending from thespring seat inwardly of'the of-the tension member, a bolster slidable between the columns, aspring assembly comprising coil springs between the bolster and spring seat and a leaf spring disposed lengthwise of the frame;

loaded by the bolster within columns in opposite directions toward the ends of the tension member, a bolster slidable between the columns, and a spring assembly comprising. coil springs between the bolster and spring seat 'andp'late spring means loaded by the bolster and supported by the portions at an elevation higher than the spring seat. Y

34. In. a truck the'combinationof a side frame and spring seat and leaf a, tension member;

having a compression member. a tension member, bolster guide columns bridged between the members to include a window opening, the members and columns constituting a main truss, a spring seat on the tension member between the columns and auxiliary truss portions extending from the spring seat inwardly of the columns in opposite directions toward the ends of the tension member, abolster slidable between the columns, and a spring assembly comprising coil springs between the bolster and spring seat and plate spring means having a part loaded by the bolster within the window opening and supported on the portions at an elevation higher than the spring seat.

35; In a truck, the combination of a side frame having a compression member, a tension member, bolster guide columns bridged between the members to include a window opening, the members and columns constituting a main truss, a. spring seat on the tension member between the columns and auxiliary truss portions extending from the spring seat inwardly of the columns in opposite directions toward the ends of the tension memher, a bolster slidable between the columns, and a spring assembly comprising coil springs between the bolster and spring seat and a leaf spring intermediately loaded by the bolster within the window opening and having its ends bearingon the portions at an elevation higher than the spring seat. V

36. In a truck, the combination of a truss side frame having a compression member, a tension member, bolster guide columns extending between the members, a spring seat included between the columns and an auxiliary truss reinforcement for the tension member'exten'ding in opposite directions upwardly from the spring seat, a bolster slidable between the columns, and a non-synchronous spring assembly comprising springs having different periods of vibration loaded by the bolster, springs having the same period resting on the spring seat and the other springs on the reinforcement.

Images