US2372673A

US2372673A - Fabric

Info

Publication number: US2372673A
Authority: US
Publication date: 1945-04-03
Anticipated expiration: 1962-04-03

Description

April 3,- 1945. E. J. JACOB 2,372,673 l FABRIC l Filed Deo.` 22, 1941 i j )LA @L U l 14L 7 K INVENTOR:

BYEZ G fl'el C05.

MM5* H glass filaments and Patented Apr. 3, 1945 FABRIC Ezekiel J. 1mi, Nea York, N. Y., assignmu Benjamin mebowitl, New York, N. Y.

Application December zz, 1941, serial No. 424,016

12 claims lotes-202) The present application is a continuation in part `of my prior United States patent application Serial No. 394,895, filedl May 23, 1941,- Pat. No.`2,313,344. This latter application is a continuation in part of my United States patent application Serial No. 336,504, led Apri1'19, 1940.

My present invention relates to new knitted fabrics.

. It is an object of this invention provide a heat-resistant knitted fabric meh-11S adapted t0 diffuse the heat to which it is exposed throughout the entire fabric thereby diminishing thelikelihood of the fabric being destroyed, e. g., by fusing of the glass or s` ar fibres of which the fabric is made A furthercbject of my invention consists 'in incorporating in a heat-resistant knitted fabric means adapted to convey heat from one part of this fabric to another.

Still a. further object of my invention consists in providing a heat-protecting non-combustible knitted fabric which is also adapted to be used for heating purposes.

I Another object bf my invention consists of al new non-combustible heat-resistant. knitted fabric in which heating elements are incorporated in such a manner that `any danger of burning by touching .of the heated 'fabric is avoided.

Still another object of my invention consists of a new electrically-heated knitted fabricadapted to be used for various purposes, as for instance, for electrical hotpads, heated garments, aviator costumes, heated blankets, heated rugs and other heating means for rooms With the above objects in view, Bly-present invention mainly consists of a knittedf-fabricimade from non-combustible bres i. e. filaments of ductile metals and of non-combustible electrically insulating libres 'L e. filaments of glass or similar substances. Naturally it is possible to' combine with the non-combustible ductile metal and glass filaments also other non-combustible electrically insulating filaments. Thus-.for instance, my new knitted fabric may also be madefrom libres i. e. filaments of ductile metals as nickel or nichrome, of glass, and of asbestos in combination.

In accordance with a preferred embodiment of my invention the new fabric is knitted of filaments of ductile metals and glass. The laments of ductile metals, i. e., line metallic electrically conductive. wires are preferably inten-knitted with the heat-resistant electrically insulating form part of the'knitted fabric itself. Y

I have found that byV incorporating fine metallic wires into a knitted fabric made of fine-heatresistant electrically insulating glass filaments which simultaneously are also of relatively low heat conductivity, I am able to reduce the tend-v ency of these glass filaments cf relatively low heat conductivity to burn outwhen locally exposed to a temperature appreciably above that which the fabric can otherwise withstand. The

reason therefore is that the fine metallic wires incorporated in the heat-resistant glass fabric are of relatively vhigh heatconductivity andv distribute the heat over a' greater surface, thereby l reducingthe temperature at the over-exposed region.- Thus the heat-resistant electrically insulatingfglass or similar filaments are protected from being melted or otherwise damaged.

Glass filaments are especially well-adapted for the purpose of this invention: glass is heat- AAresistant and lelectrically insulating vand can I readily be drawn into extremely ne filaments.

It is of particular advantage that. yarns made of such filaments can be knitted into fabrics. lAs Van example of a specific embodiment, yarns 'vvhich are very satisfactory for the present purposes may be made by twisting together approximately one hundred glasslaments, each of which has a diameter of the order of magnitude bf a few ten-thousandths of an inch;v a number, e. g., six

"of the vresulting yarns may be plied or twisted together, to form the nal yarn of which the sired fabric may be made. 1

These glass filaments, or the yarns made 1 thereof, form the main part iof the new fabric,

incorporated therein are the heat-resistant lilaments of relatively high electric conductivity.

I propose touse non-combustible fibres of ductile metals as, for instance, fine metallic wires as such filaments. Suitable metals for these wires are, e. g., nickel, nichrome, chromium-nickelalloys, iron-nickel alloys andother metals having suitable electrical and thermal conductivity and preferably high resistance to oxidation at ele-` vated temperature.

VI have found that for certain purposes these metallic wires should preferably have a diameter porated in an appropriate manner in w knitted .of about .0021;0 .005 inch and be properly distributed throughout the heat-resistant electrically insulating nlaments for the purpose in view.

'Ihe incorporated wires are also of importance as' they 4mechanically strengthen the structure of the new'fabric. By increasing the mechanical strength of the fabric, itretains its shape more easily; furthermore 4the wires when incorsi f e fabric, for instance a knitted tubing. hinder the fabric from unravelling. This function of the wire is also useful in the course of production of the fabric.

In the accompanying diagrammatic drawing I show preferred embodiments of my invention from which the same will be more clearly understood.

In this drawing:

Figs. l and 2 are enlarged fragmentary views of two modifications of fabrics knitted in accordance with, the present invention; and

Figure 3 is a view of a. new heating device incorporating a fabric of the type shown in one of of the Figs. 1 and 2.

The new knitted purl fabrics shown in Figures l and 2 consist of yarns l2 of heat-resistant fine glass filaments inter-woven with thin metallic wires M having each a diameter of .002 to .005 inch. In experiments carried out by me. I have used nickel wire having a diameter of about .003 inch and having an'electric resistance of about fifty-one ohms per foot; I alsotried using nichrome wire having the same diameter and a resistance of about two hundred and thirty ohms per foot. I found that when I incorporated about twenty feet of such wire into a knitted fabric made of glass yarn and connected the ends of the wire with a source of electric current, these wires were heated to a sub-glow temperature adapted for heating purposes.

The purl fabric shown in Fig. 1 is knitted of yarns i2 of glass filaments and the metallic Wires i4 lie between the courses I3 of this fabric and form small loops l5.

In the embodiment shown in Fig. 2 the knitting of the glass yarn is identical with the one shown in Fig. 1. The only difference is that the metallic wires lie not only between the courses I6 and I1 of the knitting, but the wire loops'l8 form Dart of the courses I 1.

As shown in Figs. l and2 the metallic wires are substantially evenly distributed in the knitted fabric so that parallel wire portions are not in contact with each other, thereby avoiding the possibility of short circuits when the wire ends are connected to a source of electric current. Furthermore the distance and arrangement of the metallic wires is chosen in such a manner that they are spaced from one fabric surface, thereby avoiding the danger of electric shocks by touching this surface.

stance, for electrical heating pads, heated garments such as aviators costumes, heated blankets, heating rugs and other heating vmeans for rooms.

This fabric may also be used for heat insulating .purposes as for instance, for replace screens and replace linings and the like.

It should', however, be stressed that it is also possible to use one and the same fabric for both purposes. Thus, for instance, it is possible to use a fireplace screen consisting of a fabric of the above-described type alternately as heat insulating means in usual manner, or as heating device; in the latter case it is only necessary to connect the ends of the wire or wires incorporated in the fabric of the screen with e. source of electric current.

It should be stressed that I have found glass yarn especially adapted for the purposes of the present invention.

The specific embodiments shown and described above are merely illustrative.

What I claim as my invention and desire to secure by Letters Patent of .the United States is:

1. A knitted fabric of glass filament yarn comprising wire incorporated in spaced courses.

2..A knitted fabric comprising glass filament yarn knitted in consecutive courses and wire incorporated in spaced courses.

Fig. 3 shows a heating device making use of the knitted fabrics shown in one of the abovedescribed gures.

In the embodiment shown in this figure several heating wires 28 are parallelly connected tothe source of electriccurrent 29 by means of the electric conductors 30 and 3l. In this knitted fabric the conductors 30 and 3| are arranged in the longitudinal direction of the fabric along the.

Ythem from each other.

Fabrics of the above-described type may be used for various heating purposes as for in- 3. A knitted fabric comprising glass iament yarn in consecutive courses and uninsulated thin metallic wires incorporated in said fabric spaced from each other and spaced from at least one surface of said fabric.

4. A knitted purl fabric comprising glass illament yarn knitted in consecutive courses and wire incorporated in spaced courses.

5. A knitted purl fabric of glass filament yarn comprising conductive thin metallic Wire incorporated in spaced courses.

6. Knitted fabric comprising glass lament yarn knitted in consecutive courses and -uninsulated thin metallic wires incorporated spaced from each other in at least a partof said courses.

7.' A knitted fabric comprising heat resistant non-combustible, electrically insulating and nonconductive fine filaments yarn knitted in con-v secutive courses and uninsulated thin metallic wires incorporated spaced 'from each other in at least a part of said courses.

- 8. A knitted fabric of heat resistant non-combustible, electrically insulating and non-conductive fine filaments and wire incorporated in spaced courses.

9. A knitted fabric comprising heat resistant in said fabric spaced from each other and spaced 'from at least one surface of said fabric.

11. A knitted puri fabric comprising heat resistant non-combustible electrically insulating and non-conductive fine filaments knitted in consecutive coursesv and "wire incorporated lin spaced courses.V V

12. A knitted purl fabric of heat resistant noncoinbustible electrically insulating and non-conductive fine filaments and conductive thin metallic wire incorporated in spaced courses.

EZEKIEL J JACOB.