US2369044A - Heating system - Google Patents

Description

Feb. 6, 1945. w. w. HALLINAN 2,369,044

- HEATING SYSTEM Original Filed Ot. 16, 1939 1 2 SheetsSheet 1 Feb. 6, 1945.

' W. HALLINAN HEATING sYsT'EM Original Filed uct. .16, 19:59 2 sheets-sheet 2 7 l ig@ 1 j 6 ,L h/@f n 2 @j e2 r, 6 @f 9 f Q @a w w 0o 6 @,O M

Patented Feb. c, 1945 l UNITED s'm'r'lzsv PATENT oFrlcE HEATING ,SYSTEM William w. Hallman, Menden, m.

Original application October 16, 1939, Serial No.

299,616. Divided and this application December l1, 1941, Serial No. 422,475

9 Claims.

The present application is a division of m'y 1 prior application, Ser. No. 299,616, Heating systems, led October 16, 1939, now Patent Number 2,289,287, dated July 7, 1942.

, The heating lsystems of the prior art of this character are subject to the disadvantage that they are either complicated or they are so constructed that the volume of air circulated by the blower or fan must fbe adjusted to take care of the maximum heating load, 'which inevitably results in a higher operating temperature for the furnace', too great a volume of air put out by the fan when there 'is but a little demand for heat, and a blast of cold air f rom the furnace soon after the fan begins to operate, when the-furnace is not operating at maximum heating load.

One of the objects of the invention is the provision of an improved heating system in which the fan may be operated continuously, or it may 'commence its operation at a relatively low temperature, and `in which the speed of operation of the fan is continuously modulated from low speed at-small furnace output to maximum speed at maximum furnace load.

Another object of the invention is the provision of an improved heating system of the class described, in which the operating temperature may be reduced to a lower value than the devices of the prior art, thus reducing thefurnace losses at the stack and losses in the cellar, and providing a more eiiicient heating system.

Another object of the invention is the provision of an improved heating system of the class described, -which is adapted to operate within 'a smaller range of temperature variation' for the purpose of maintaining a more uniform temperature inthe rooms to be heated, and for the purpose of eliminating any possibility of 'a blast of cold air. f

Another object of the invention is the provision of an improvedheating system of the class de-v scribed, by meansfof which the volume of 'air circulated in the system is dependent upon the emperaturexof themcirculating air or of the air in the plenum chamber in the furnace, so that a 50 maximum efliciency of distribution of heat from the furnace is achieved'and the circulating system. is adapted at al1.times to circulate a volume of air which is required to carry away the-heat from the furnace.

Another object of the invention is the provision of an improved variablespeeddriving system for air circulating fans, which is efficient, economical, and capable of manufacture and installation at 5 a reasonable cost.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following description and the accompanying drawings, in which similar characters of reference indicate similar parts 10 throughout the several views.

Referring to the two sheets of drawings accom-` panying the specification:

Fig. 1 -is a diagrammatic vertical sectional view of a hotair furnace embodying the present heatl5 ing system;

Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic top plan view of the motor and blower, with the furnacein partial" section;V

Fig. 3 is an axial sectional view, taken on the '20 plane of the line 3 3 of Fig. 1, looking in the direction of the arrows;

Fig 4 is a fragmentary end elevational view of theA adjustable nut, by means of which the tension of the V pulley is adjusted.

Referring to the drawings, I0 indicates in its I entirety the installation which includes the furnace Il, such as a gas furnace, an oil burner, orv a coal Stoker type, controlled by room thermostats and auxiliary equipment so as to be turned on responsive to the heat4 demand in the rooms. I

The furnace casing is indicated at I2, and it is providedwith the usual bonnet I3, having hot air outlets to the rooms at I 4.

'Ihe cold airinlet to the furnace lcasing is at 35 I5, the outlet of a fan or blower IS preferably of the centrifugal type, having a suitable centrifugal impeller shaft I1, whichis provided with a V 4pulley-I8. vj I The discharge pipe from the blo-wer I6 passes 40 through a hole in the wall of the furnace housing.

rIfhe blower, of course, takes in air within the chamber where it is located, through intake apertures at the end of' the shaft I1. Thus the only cold air inlet to the furnace is through the blower 5 I6, which takes its cold air in from the upper l.conduit 2l.

The blower I6 is adapted to be driven by means `of a V belt I9 of constant width, which is driven by a variable diameter pulley 20 carried by the shaft 2| of a substantially constant speedmotorr 22. Y -A The blower I6 andmotor 22 and other auxiliary equipment may be installed in a filter housing 23, comprising a metal housing of substan- 5 tially rectangular shape, connected to the fursuitable tension. y .The variable diameter and lock washer 49.

nace casing |2, and having a screened inlet at 24. Supporting angles in the lter housing may supportv a plurality of suitable air iilt'ers 26, through which the air passes to the inlet of the centrifugal blower I6, said blower being provided with an inlet at one or both of the ends of its housing, surrounding the shaft I1. Suitable cold air conduits 21 from the rooms are in communication with the cold air inlet 21 to the ltel I' may have its tension adjusted by means of the nuts on the .threaded end of the spring, and the spring tends to urge the motor pivotally f about the center of the shaft `3| in a counterclockwise direction so as to give the belt I9 a pulley 28, carried by the motor shaft 2|, is illustrated in detail in Fig. 3. It preferably consists of a pair of pulley sections 36 and 31. the radially extending flanges 38 and 39,v which havethe opposed frusto-conical surfaces 48 andv 4|, forming a substantially V-shaped ,groove l42 for receiving the wedge-shaped leather V belt I9.

'I'he pulley section 36 preferably has a centrally located circular bore'43 in" the cylindrical hub Y 44and the bore 431s adapted to receive the 4motorfsh'aft 2|, to which the section 36 is secured by a set screw 45 or a suitable key.

The emi of the hub 44 may have a reduced threaded extension 46 for slidably receiving thespring seat 41 and-receiving the'threaded nut 4 8 The hubr44 is preferablyv provided with an outer cylindrical surface 56,

The key 52 may have a -tight frictional fit in one of the grooves 5| or 53 and be readily slidable with respect to the other of. said grooves.

In other words, the key may be secured to the section 36 or the section 31, but 'section 31. is

The pulley sections are provided with plurality of radial slots 66, and theI spring seat 41 with a rib 61 for engaging in any one of those slots.

It will be evident that the tension of the spring 51 may be adjusted by the -position of the nut 48. The nut 48 may be locked inits adjusted position by the rib 61, and an inward pressure of the spring seat 41 against the spring 51 will remove the rib 61 from its groove 66 and permit an adjustment of the nut 48.

The operation of the spring pulley is as follows:

The effective diameter of the pulley depends upon the point to which the belt I9 is drawn into the groove 42. This in Vturn depends upon the cause the driving pulley 20 is smaller relative tothe size of the driven ypulley I8.

When the motor 22 moves to the right or pivots in the clockwise direction, the center of the pulley la being nxed, and the bn; ls being of vconstant length, the belt is permitted to ride formedwith akeyway 5| for receiving the key- 52 of substantially rectangular cross sectin, -which is also received in a groove 53 inthe pulley section 31.

adapted to slide freely relative to the section 36. 5

The pulley section 31 is provided with the tubular or cylindrical extension 54, having an inner cylindrical bore 55 slidably mounted on' the hub 44. The tubular extension 54 may-have a cylindrical enlargementat 56, engaging the inside of out farther in the groove 42, the spring 51. forces the pulley sections 36, 31 closer together, and the effective-diameter of the adjustable pulley 2U is increased. This increases 'the speed of rotation of the blower I6 because thesliyze of the pulley 2 0 relative to that of the pulley I8 has been increased.

The position and movement of the motor 22 on its pivotal support 3| is preferably controlled by pressure responsive or thermally responsive means, such as a metal bellows 10.

The blower I6 and motor 22 are carried by a base 1|, which may have an upwardly extending bracket 12 for iixedly supporting one end of the i extensible metal bellows 10. The other, or right hand, end of the bellows has its face provided 1in the bellows and which may be subjected to member having a hub'l 59, an outwardly extend- 4 36. The spring seat 41 may be mounted for sliding movement on the reduced portion 46, but is preventedfromrotation bya rib or key 63, 1ocated in an axially extending slot 64. The outcal form, and there mayxbe a-radial flange for engaging' the under s ide of the lock washer 49. The lock washer 49-may beprovided with a wardly extending ange 60 may be of frusto-coniheat in any of a plurality of different ways.

For example, the furnace casing I2 is provided with a conduit 8| leading from the top of the casing and extending over to the thermostat 10, where it has rits vdischarge opening 82 located to discharge hot air from the plenum chamber on the thermostat 10. Here -the circulation of the air is caused by the blower I6, and hot; air from the plenum chamber 19 is immediately blown on the thermostat 10 so that the thermostat is responsive to the temperature of the air delivered from the plenum chamber.

The operation of the invention is as follows: The furnace ||A may be considered to be any source of heat, such as a furnace having an oil burner, a gas burner, or a coal stokerfor the furnace may be replaced by an ordinary radiator forming a part of the steam or water heating system. In the latter case the present air conditioning system would be a separate unit, applied only to one or more of the radiators for the pur pose of providing a continuous and modulated circulation of air in a room.

The thermostatic control for the mo'tor 22 may include a room thermostat for turning on the motor at a predetermined temperature, or the motor may be controlled exclusively by a furnace thermostat (not shown).

In other cases the motor 22 may operate continuously at a low rate of speed, while the heating system is in operation, the motor circuit being closed by a plenum chamber thermostat (not shown) when the plenum chamber reaches a predeterminedvalue, and thereafter the speed of the motor is controlled by means of the thermostat 10.

When the plenum chamber 19 delivers air at a moderate temperature, the thermostat 10 is contracted, and the motor 22 is pivoted over counterclockwise in Fig 1, a position to which it is urged by the spring 32.

The spring 32 isl strong enough so that it is adapted to overcome the axial pressure of the spring 51 when the thermostat 1U is not working to force the motor in the opposite direction, and therefore the belt i9 is drawn deeply into the groove 42' of the `pulley, and the pulley has its smallest effective diameter. Under these conditions the 'blower will be driven at a low speed because the driving pulley is smaller, and only a small volume of air will be driven through the furnace and out of the air registers.

As the temperature of the air delivered from` the plenum chamber increases, the thermostat lll expands, moving the motor 22 toward the right on the pivot 3l, andthe length of the belt i9 being constant, the belt is permitted to ride outward in the groove 42, giving the pulley 2li a larger effective diameter. This increases the speed of rotation of the'blower, and a larger volume of air is delivered, depending upon the temperature of the air inthe plenum chamber.

The characteristics of the thermostatic control Aand the biasing springs may Ibe made such that the relation between the temperature and volume of air delivered is substantially a straight line,

curve,and the volume of air delivered is substan- 'tially proportional to the temperature expressed v perature at which the motor is started need not be set so high as in the devices of the prior art where a blower usually is set at maximum speed in order to take care of the full load of the furnace.

The present device not only takes care of full load of heat delivered from thevfurnace; but also delivers a moderate amount of heat when Ithe furnace is producing a moderate amount of heat, and the amount of heat delivered by the blower to the rooms in the form of hot air is continuously and uniformly graduated from a small amount to maximum delivery.

v While the thermostat in this case is not sul jected to'thetemperature of the air in the plenum chamber, it is responsive to the temperatur-eef the air delivered from the plenum chamber', which is substantially the same thing as being responsive to the air coming directly from the furnace into the room or space to be heated.

Asl one of the objects of the invention is to prevent the yblowing of cold air into the room at a rate of speed, it follows that it is advantageous to control the speed ofthe blower responsive to the temperature of the air delivered from the plenum chamber.

Itjwill thus be observed that I have invented an improved heating system which may be embodied in all types of furnaces or utilized with hot water or steam radiators for single units used in rooms. a

My heatingI system provides a continuous and modulated change of delivery of heated air by means of a blower, the volume of which changes continuously and uniformly with changes in temperature of the furnace or the air to be deliv ered. Stratication is eliminated, and such a blower may be operated continuously without causing a cold blast of air at any time because when the air is cooler, the speed of rotation of the fan is lower, and a smaller volume of air, which is not so hot, may be delivered without causing the sensation of a cold blast.

whiie I have nlustrated a preferred embodi` 1. In av heating system, the combination of a A source of heat with an air housing surrounding said source, and having a cold air inlet and a hot air outlet, the course of circulation of air through said cold air inlet and hot air outlet including an enclosed space to be heated and also including a blower for effecting a forced circulation, electric motor means for driving said blower, and thermostatic means controlled by heat received from said source of heat for continuously and uniformly varying the speed of operation of the blower from a minimumat low temperatures to a maximum at high temperatures,

a whereby the volume of delivery of heated air from said housing is varied according to the amount of heat produced by said source, said latter means including a pulley of variable diameter for driving said blower, the effective diameter of said pulley being controlled by said thermostatic means, said thermostatic means comprising an expansible metal chamber and said system having a conduit leading from the housing for blowing heated air on said thermostatic means when the system is operating. g

2. In a heating system, the combination `of a source of heat with an enclosure about said source forming a plenum chamber, said enclosure having a cold air inlet, a hot air outlet, and a blower in communication with said plenum. chamber, said blower being driven by an electric motor by means .of a pair of V pulleys, and a wedgeshaped beltqone of said pulleys having a pair of movable sections spring pressed together to form a pulley of variable diameter, and thermostatic means for controlling the relative position of said pulleys whereby the speed of rotation of the blower is thermostatically controlled, said motor being pivotally mounted, and said thermostatic means acting aaginst said motor and against a iixed abutment whereby the thermostatic means Ipulley by variation of the is adapted to move the motorand `change the distance between the centers of said pulleys to cause the wedge-shaped belt to engage the sectional pulley at different effective diameters.

3. In a heating system, the4 combination of a source of heat with an -enclosure about said static means acting against said motor and against a ixed abutment whereby the thermostatic means is adapted to move the motor and change the distance between the centers of said pulleys to cause the wedge-shaped belt to engage the sectional pulley at different eective diameters, and spring means acting against said thermostatic means for maintaining the belt in atauty condition.

4. In a heating system, the combination of a source of heat with an enclosure about said source forming a plenum chamber, said enclosure having a cold air inlet, a hot air outlet, and a blower in communication with said plenum chamber, said blower being driven by an electric motor by means of a pair of V` pulleys, and a wedge-shaped belt, one of said pulleys having a pair of movable sections spring pressed together Vto form apulley of variable diameter, and thermostatie means for controlling the relative position of said pulleys whereby the speed of rotation of the blower is thermostatically controlled, said motor being pivotally mounted, and said thermostatic means acting against said motor and against a iixed abutment whereby the thermostatic means is adapted to move the motor and change the distance between the centers of said pulleys to cause the wedge-shaped belt to engage Athe sectional pulley at diii'erent effective diameters, and spring means acting against said thermostatic means for maintaing the belt in a taut condition, the sections of said pulleys being spring pressed together by a spring of less strength in its environment than the latter spring means.

5. A blower controlling system for hot air furnaces, comprising a blower provided with a driven pulley of the V-type, a support carrying said blower, a constant speed driving motor movably mounted on said support, and having a V-pulley for driving the blower, a V-belt embracing said pulleys, one of said` pulleys comprising a pair of relatively movable sections spring pressed together to provide a groove lof varying width and varying eiectivediameter, and means for controlling the speed of drive of said blower, comprisng means for acting on said motor and moving it relative to said support to cause a variation in the effective size of ,said variable diameter distance between the pulley centers.

6. A blower controlling system for hot air furnaces, comprising ablower provided with a driven pulley of the V-type, a support carrying said blower, a constant speed driving motor movably mounted on said support, and having a V-pulley l relatively'movable. sections spring pressed together to provide a groove of varying width and varying effective diameter, and means for controlling the speed og drive of said blower, comprising meansV for acting on said motor and moving it relative to said support to cause a variation in the eilective sizeof said variable diameter pulley by'variation of the distance between the pulley centers, said latter controlling means comprising a pressure responsive bellows having one end xedly secured to said support, and the other secured to said motor.

7. In a heating system,the

ducting the'hot air to said thermostatic means whereby the thermostatic means is made responsive to the temperature of air discharged from said enclosure.

8. In a heating system, the combination of a `heater with an'enclosure for receiving thel air to be heated. said enclosure having a cold air inlet.

and a hot air outlet, a motor-driven blower having its outlet communicating with the cold air inlet of said enclosure and having its inletlocated to communicate with a cold air pipe, thermostatic' means for controlling the speed of actuation of said blower by its motor, and a conduit communicating with said enclosure and adapted to receive hot air fromv said enclosure, said conduit conducting the hot air to said thermostatic means whereby the Ithermostatic means is made responsive to the temperature of air discharged from said enclosure, said blower motor and thermostatic means being located in anenlargement of a conduit serving as the cold air inlet to the system.

9. In a heating system, the combination of a heater with an air'enclosure having its walls spaced-from said heater, for receiving the air to be heated, said enclosure having a cold air inlet and a hot air outlet, a motor driven blower having its outlet communicating with the cold air inlet of said enclosure, a motor for driving said blower,

an auxiliary housing enclosing said motorv and Y -blower and having a cold air inlet, thermostatic means for regulating andcontrolling the speed of rotation of said blower by said motor, and a by-pass conduit extending from a point adjacent the top of said first-mentioned heater enclosure and discharging into said second-mentioned en'- closure adjacent said thermostatic means for subjecting thevthermostatie means to air discharge from the .heater enclosure, said ,thermostatic means being arranged to increase the speed of rotation of said blower as thetempera'ture of the air discharged by said by-pass increases and to decrease the speed of rotation of said blower as the temperature of the air discharged from said by-pass decreasesjwhereby the motor and blower may be located in a relatively cool portion of the installation and may be directly controlled by said thermostatic means responsive to air clischarged from the heater enclosure. WILLIAM W. HALLINAN.

combination of a heater `with an enclosure for receiving the air to` be heated, said enclosure having a cold air inlet and a. hot air outlet, a motor-driven blower hav-

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