US2367890A - Hydraulic pile driving apparatus - Google Patents

Description

Jan. 23, 1945. .1. RUBIN HYDRAULIC PILE DRIVING APPARATUS ,Filed Oct. 22, 1943 4Sheets-Sheet 1 FIE, 2

IN V EN TOR.

J. L. RUBIN HYDRAULIC FILE DRIVING APPARATUS Jan. 23, 1945. 2,367,890

Filed Oct. 22, 1943 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 IN VEN TOR.

.ETZUHVE'K Jan. 23, 1945.

J. L. RUBIN HYDRAULIC FILE DRIVING APPARATUS Filed Oct. 22, 1945 4 Sheets-Sheet 5' ,2; r 22; 1 ER ..IIII!IIII!IIIIIII TOR.

Jan. 23, 1945. J. RUBIN HYDRAULIC FILE DRIVING APPARATUS Filed 001:. 22, 1943 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 FIE-ZU- f ill?! I I n I u I III 1 l v sfi Patented Jan. 23, 1945 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE HYDRAULIC PILE DRIVING APPARATUS Joseph L. Rubin, New York, N. Y. Application October 22, 1943, Serial No. 507,266 10 Claims. (01. 61-76) in the driving of piles, it is customary to emplow a pile driving device adapted to impart upon the top of the pile a succession of driving blows by means, for example, of a fluid operated hammer. Such methods of pile driving possess important disadvantages, including the subjection of the pile to major strains, the inertia absorbent characteristic of the piles whereby hammer methods are uneconomical and the relatively slow driving action. Also, such hammer methods are noisy and objectionable in populated districts.

It is the primary object of the present invention to provide a method and apparatus by which piles of any desired length may be driven by hydraulic progressive action, continuously applied. A further object of the invention is to provide a portable carrier and abutment for the driving members. A third object of the invention is to provide simple and effective telescopic hydraulic members for driving the pile and which enable relatively long pile sections to be built up. Further objects of the invention will hereinafter be described with reference to the accompanying drawings In the drawings:

Fi 1 is a view in elevation showing an embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 1a is a fragmentary detail view, in elevation, of the area forwardly of the dotted lines 1a-1a, Fig. 1.

Fig. 2 is a horizontal section on the line 2-2, Fi 1.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged vertical section, broken away at the top, and taken through the central area of the portable carriage, showing a pile casing and telescopic hydraulic driving members for the casing in position at the beginning of a driving operation.

Fig. 4 is a view similar to Fig. 3 showing the position of the members when a pile casing has been partly driven into the earth.

Fig. 5 is a vertical section through a modified form of pile casing and the telescopic driving members therefor.

Fig. 6 is a view similar to Fig. 5 showing a second modification of the pile casing and driving members.

Fig. 'l is a horizontal section on the line 1-1, Fi 6.

Fig. 8 is a horizontal section on the line 8-8,

Fig. 5.

Fig. 9 is an elevation, partly in vertical section, showing employment of a precast, rod reinforced pile member to which may be applied at its upper end a pile casing for receiving concrete to build up an overlying pile section.

Fig. 10 is a view in elevation, partly in section, showing the structure of Fig. 9 in the round toward the end of driving action thereon.

Fig. 11 is a schematic view, inelevation, showing the lower end of the device mounted upon a tractor.

Fig. 12 is a detail view, in vertical section, showing the upper area of a suitable mandrel and piston member.

Referring to Figs. 1 and 2 of the drawings, I have therein shown a portable carrier for the pile driving members which consists of spaced vertical standards 1 and intermediate reinforcing plates 2. Lacing may be substituted for the plates. In practice these standards, when used, will be tied together by suitable transverse beams (not shown), by an abutment beam, or beams, 3, and by suitable lacing as indicated at 4.

At opposite sides of the standards 2 the structure will have floor areas 5 for the reception of heavy material such as caisson weights, as indicated at 6.

The inner faces of the standards 2 carry vertical H beams I and which in turn carry vertical beams 8. To these beams are secured opposed brackets 9. These brackets he immediately under a strong and rigid abutment beam 3, or a plurality of such beams. The abutment structure 3 is adapted to li directly over, and receive thrust from, the head I01: of a piston sleeve I0, arms of brackets 9 engaging the under face of the head Him.

Slidably received upon piston sleeve I0 is a mandrel I I, a preferred construction of the mandrel being shown in Fig. 3.

The mandrel may be constructed of cast iron,

steel or other suitable metal. It is formed with a solid point I lzc and with an inner annular tubelike wall I Ira: which directly receive the piston ill. The base of the piston is closed except for an, aperture to receive a conduit I 2. the latter communicating with a duct [3 in piston head Illa;

The mandrel is adapted to directly receive a pile casing H, which ma 'be of sheet metaland shaped to conform with the exterior of the mandrel. When the pile casing is in position on the mandrel, the upper end of the latter will expose opposed lugs [8 for the reception of hook members as later to be explained.

In the operation of the apparatus in practicing my method, the wheel carrier with the hydraulic elements in position, or prior to positioning these elements, maybe moved to the pile driving site, and when the elements are in position as shown in Fig. 1, hydraulic pressure is applied. The hydraulic pressure tends to force the piston upwardly, but inasmuch as the piston contacts with the under surface of the abutment, the hollow mandrel is driven downward into the earth carrying with it the pile casing 11. Should the mandrel become strongly wedged in the ground after a driving operation, powerful means are provided for retracting the mandrel, using the abutment as a resistance member. Such means consist of a hydraulic jack 19 connected to one or more pull hooks, for application to'the lugs l8, as through the use of a connecting chain or chains. By obvious manipulation of such chain or chains, in the manner of pulleydriven hoist cables, the hydraulic jack l9 'may be employed to lift the mandrel out of the pile casing when the top of the latter is down to the surface of the ground or thereabout. As an alternative, the mandrel being loosened, the wheeled carrier may be moved away and a crane employed for lifting out the mandrel and its contained piston, whereupon the mandrel may receive a second pile casing-to be driven as herein-before described.

It will be seen that in the driving of the pile casing the latter is uniformly reinforced internally, and therefore may be made of relatively light material. When the-mandrel is withdrawn the pile casing will be filled with concrete.

In Fig. the piston construction is the same as that shown in the preceding figures and the same reference characters are employed therefor. The mandrel, however, is adapted for a tapered pile casing 20, the mandrel being shown at 2|. In the said construction the mandrel carries at its top an in-set ring 2L1: to receive a packing 22 which may be compressed !by a compression ring 23 threaded in ring 2|:c. The operation of the structure shown in Fig. 5 is the same as that described in reference to the preceding figures.

The structure in Fig. 6, also, employs the same type of piston as previously described and the top area of mandrel 24 of Fig. 6 is of the same construction as in Fig. 5. However, in Fig. 6, the mandrel is adapted to drive a shell 25 of uniform cross-section into the ground, the bottom of the shell being open, the outer wall of the mandrel being straight rather than tapered. Such a pile shell or casing is adapted for the formation of end-bearingpiles, rather than friction piles. To carry out this purpose a strong ring 26 is welded within pile casing 25 at its base, and the mandrel is reduced in diameter near its base to provide a shoulder which will overlie ring 25 and transmit thrust thereto. In driving the pile casing25, when the point of the mandrel reaches rock, or whatever material on which it is desired that the pile finally rest, the mandrel is withdrawn and casing 25 will be driven additionally into the ground for the height taken up by the point of themandrel prior to its withdrawal. If desired, this ma be done by welding asecond strong. ring on the upper internal area of the pile casing 25 and reinserting the mandrel for its hydraulic driving action. By this construction I eliminate the removing of dirtwhich is necessary in driving open under piles, yet I drive an open ended type of pile.

In the structures of Figs. 9 and 10 the hydraulic driving apparatus is designed more particularly for driving a combination pile into the ground. This pile consists of a pre-cast reinforced concrete pile section 21 with its longitudinally extending reinforcing rods 28 extendin above the top of the cast section to permit a bond with a section later to be cast into a pile shell or casing 29. For this purpose the top of the pre-cast pile section 2'! may be fiat or it may be formed with a recess surrounded by the reinforcing rods 28, in either case the lower area 301s of the mandrel 3D is reduced in diameter to fit within the reinforcing rods 28. Above the reinforcing rods 28 the diameter of the mandrel 30 is increased so that it acts as a form and close internal support for the thin metallic shell or pile casing 29. This casing is preferably secured to the top of the pre-cast pile section 21 by being threaded onto a ring 32, cast into the top of pile section 21 when it is manufactured.

In the structures of Figs. 9 and 10 the mandrel is closed at its lower end by a threaded plug 301m: and the piston is of the same construction as in preceding figures.

In Fig. 10 there is shown pile section 21 in its final position after a driving operation, the thin metal shell or pile casing 3! being in the position to receive a charge of concrete after removal of the mandrel 3B and its enclosed piston. When the mandrel is removed the charge or charges of concrete will be bonded to the pre-cast pile section 21 through the intermediary ofthe reinforcing rods 28 and also the casing 3!. Whenever it is desired, however, the casing 3| may be reused, as for example, when it is not actuall threaded to the pile section 2! and may be withdrawn with the mandrel.

I am aware of the fact that it has hereinbefore been proposed to employ hydraulic jack means for imparting initial driving movements to piles, followed by hammer operations, and that in some cases jacks have been proposed for driving operations at, for example, the underpinning of structures which afford abutment surfaces, but such arrangements are not applicable, and have not been used, for driving vertical piles into the earth, these piles being of substantial lengths, say upwards of 30 feet, by continuous hydraulic pressure and the use of a transportable abutment on a mobile carriage having a reaction' resistance equivalent to or well above the force required to drive the pile. By means of my invention piles may be driven more rapidly, more economically, and with less power than that required for hammer driving. In addition, strains are reduced, and there is no blow-absorbing action of the pile as is the case with hammer blows. The driving is positive and, of course, without noise.

In some cases it may be desirable to provide a supplementary abutment on the wheeled carrier so that hydraulic driving operations may be-performed from a point substantially below the abutment 3, in other words, from a point intermediate the upper and lower ends of the carrier. Referring-to Figs. 1- and 1a, it will be seen that at opposite areas of the H-beams 1;

and centrally thereof,- passageways :have been provided through the members 2 and between spaced ends of the H-beams-l for the reception of a heavy beam or beams 33 constituting an abutment structure for the driving mandrel.

My apparatus will be found useful not only in pile driving but in ground structure load tests. Thus the apparatus may be moved from point to point and employed to determine the load characteristics of selected ground formations through denoting, by means of a gage in the hydraulic pressure system, the ratio of resistance to pile penetration.

What I claim is:

1. In hydraulic pile driving apparatus, a wheeled carriage comprising vertical standards and connecting members, the carriage having at its top an abutment, the carriage being adapted to receive heavy material to increase its weight, an elongated tubular piston having a head adapted to engage said abutment, an elongated mandrel slidingly received upon said piston, means for introducing fluid under pressure in termediate the lower end of the piston and the opposite wall of the mandrel.

2. Hydraulic pile driving apparatus constructed in accordance with claim 1, in combination with a relatively thin-wall metallic casing upon and conforming with the surface of the mandrel, the mandrel being retractable from the casing after being driven into the ground.

3. Hydraulic pile driving apparatus constructed in accordance with claim 1, in combination with a tubular conduit extending from the head of the piston downwardly through the piston to the opposite end of the piston, the latter being closed except for an aperture receiving said tubular conduit.

4. Pile driving apparatus constructed in accordance with claim 1, in combination with a bracket-hanger, connected with the wheeled carrier below the abutment and adapted to embrace the piston head.

5. Pile driving apparatus constructed in accordance with claim 1, in combination with a hydraulic jack supported by the wheeled carrier at the abutment, and means for connecting the jack with the mandrel for upward pull upon the mandrel.

6. Pile driving apparatus constructed in accordance with claim 1, in combination with a retractable and supplementary abutment disposed at a level of the wheeled carrier substantially below the top abutment thereof the latter being fixed.

7. I hydraulic pile driving apparatus a telescopic device consisting of a mandrel and a tubular piston, the mandrel being a cast metal projected reinforcing bars socket and its outer wall, the lower end of the structure having a closed lower end and an internal tubular wall rising from said end to the top of the mandrel, and open at the top of the mandrel, the piston being tubular in form and received within said tubular wall for sliding relation therewith, the piston being closed at both ends except for an aperture in its lower end and a duct in its upper end, and a hydraulic feed conduit extending from end to end of the piston and communicating with its aperture and with its duct.

8. In hydraulic pile driving apparatus a telescopic device consisting of a mandrel and a tubular piston, the mandrel being a cast metal means for admitting fluid under pressure to the chamber afforded by the inner tubular wall of the mandrel.

9. Hydraulic pile driving apparatus constructed in accordance with claim 1, in com-' bination with a pre-cast pile member formed with a socket at the top and carrying outwardly intermediate the mandrel being adapted to pass into said socket, and a thin-wall metallic casing secured to the top of the pile member and surrounding the mandrel.

10. Hydraulic pile driving apparatus comprising a carrier having an overhead abutment, a'hollow' metallic casing of a pile form, two telescopic members at least one of which is adapted to receive the casing and one of which is adapted to be fixed against the overhead abutment on the carrier, the first telescopic member being movable, means for forcing fluid under pressure within such telescopic members against the reaction of the carrier and its abutment, the weight of the carrier plus its load exceeding the reaction force .required to drive said movable telescopic member and the casing carrier thereby into the ground, such fluid pressure means being adapted to continue flow of the fluid under pressure to cause a substantial continuance of the telescopic movement of such members.

JOSEPH L. RUBIN.

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