US2366140A - Pressure tank - Google Patents

Pressure tank Download PDF

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Publication number
US2366140A
US2366140A US462628A US46262842A US2366140A US 2366140 A US2366140 A US 2366140A US 462628 A US462628 A US 462628A US 46262842 A US46262842 A US 46262842A US 2366140 A US2366140 A US 2366140A
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tank
tubing
container
gas
pressure
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US462628A
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Sterling W Alderfer
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EDWARD D ANDREWS
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EDWARD D ANDREWS
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/04—Arrangement or mounting of valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
    • F17C2201/0119—Shape cylindrical with flat end-piece
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0138—Shape tubular
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0147—Shape complex
    • F17C2201/0166—Shape complex divided in several chambers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/058—Size portable (<30 l)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/01—Reinforcing or suspension means
    • F17C2203/011—Reinforcing means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0607—Coatings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0626—Multiple walls
    • F17C2203/0629—Two walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F17C2203/0639—Steels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0323—Valves
    • F17C2205/0329—Valves manually actuated
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2209/00—Vessel construction, in particular methods of manufacturing
    • F17C2209/21—Shaping processes
    • F17C2209/2154—Winding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2209/00—Vessel construction, in particular methods of manufacturing
    • F17C2209/22—Assembling processes
    • F17C2209/221—Welding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/011—Oxygen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/013—Carbone dioxide
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/036—Very high pressure (>80 bar)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/01—Improving mechanical properties or manufacturing
    • F17C2260/013—Reducing manufacturing time or effort
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/04—Reducing risks and environmental impact
    • F17C2260/042—Reducing risk of explosion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0186—Applications for fluid transport or storage in the air or in space
    • F17C2270/0189—Planes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/02—Applications for medical applications
    • F17C2270/025—Breathing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/07—Applications for household use
    • F17C2270/0736—Capsules, e.g. CO2
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/07—Applications for household use
    • F17C2270/0772—Inflation devices, e.g. for rescue vests or tyres

Definitions

  • the present invention has for its object improving the construction ⁇ of containers or tanks such as are used forholding ⁇ gases under high i compression.
  • Tanks or containers of the type with which this invention deals are used forv the holding and storage of gases which are used for infiating life rafts, life ,belts or collapsible boats such as form part of the equipment for landing parties.
  • the gas employed is usually CO2 under such high pressure that it is liquefied in the container.
  • the invention may be ⁇ adapted to other and ⁇ wideruses such,- for example, as an oxygen tank used in airplanes or by parachutists who have to bail out at high altitudes.
  • the invention may also be employed in other fields where it may be i desirable to store or transport gases under high pressures.
  • the present invention is in the nature of an improvement upon the form of tank shown in my Alprior application Serial No. 452,979, led July 30,
  • Fig. 1 is a plan view of a life raft or inflatable boat showing the manner in which the tank is employed when used in connection with this type of equipment.
  • Fig. 2 is a vertical section through the tank.
  • Fig. 3 is a section through the valve.
  • Fig. 4 is a section on the line 4-4 of Fig. 2.
  • the volume is supplemented by a cylinder located Within the coil of tubing, so that a greater total volume is provided in the same bulk.
  • This permits an equivalent body of compressed gas to be confined under reduced pressure or a greater volume at the same pressure as in my former tank construction.
  • the property of non-shatterability is retained because the cross-sectional area of the outer coils of pipe is relatively quite small and the bursting pressure in that portion of the tank is comparatively low, and if the tube is broken or punctured. the gas will escape harmlessly. If the bullet penetrates to the inner tank the explosive force is reduced and the outer coils of piping serve to hold the rfragments from ying about.
  • the construction comprises an interior tank or container shown at I which is preferably made of a soft steel so that it will not shatter as is the case with the Very hard steels which have been used in the single-chamber tanks which .have preceded my tank constructions.
  • the tank provides a core upon which the outer ⁇ coils of tubing are wrapped.
  • One end of the tank is provided with a passage 2 through which the tank is iilled and through which gas can escape when the valve 4 is opened.
  • This Valve is of the usual construction shown in Fig. 3 and is attached to a nipple 6 formed in the end of the tank body I, and leads by the extension 1 to the inflatable body 8 here shown as an inflatable landing boat or raft.
  • the hand valve is indicated at l0.
  • valve is attached to a breather pipe or the breather pipe and valve may be attached to the free end of the tubing. For other installations these details may be varied -as found necessary or desirable.
  • the inner core or chamber is shown as a cylinder extending for the length of the tank these details may be varied. It is preferred, however, to form this 'portion of the tank as shown to constitute a form aboutwhich the outer enveloping coils of tubing may be wound. In winding the tubing about the core, it is desirable,
  • the core serves to hold the entire tank body rigid which is advantageous for certain uses and installations. As is shown in the drawing, the winding of the tube causes it to atten somewhat owing to the pressure exerted during the winding operation.
  • the tubing I2 is connected to and in communication with the interior of the core by turning the end ofthe tubinginto an aperture in the tank wall and permanently connecting it thereto, preferably by welding.
  • the outer end of the tubing is closed oil' as at I4.
  • the tubing may be of a soft steel, which is preferred, although copper tubing may be employed.
  • the outer diameter of the tubing may be approximately 1A; inch, or even larger if desired, it being desirable to retain a relatively small across sectional area so as to reduce the pressure at any point in the tube wall.
  • tubing 1A in diameter with a wall thickness of .025 inch is more than suicient to hold gases under the very high pressures which are employed in tanks for the purposes set forth.
  • the tubing is wrapped about the core in any number of convolutions and layers. As lshown three layers of tubing, each layer comprising closely packed convolutions, will give a total volumetric capacity in addition to the capacity of the core or central cylinder to hold a large volume of gas. After the 'tubing is completely wrapped it may be coated with a paint or shellac which will flow between the interstices of the structure. Also an outer covering or sac I5 may be provided.
  • the number of turns r and layers of the coiled tubing and the size thereof and the size and shape of the core may be Varied in accordance with the volumetric capacity desired and the pressures which are intended to be maintained.
  • the advantages of the non-explosive tank have been retained but the interior hollow core has permitted a substantial increase in the capacity without losing that valuable feature of my prior invention.
  • the outer wrappings of the metal tubing not only serve as a supplementary chamber but also reinforce the walls of the inner chamber, both by the inherent -strength of the tube and by the pressure within the tube which oisets the outward pressure on the walls of the main chamber.
  • the tank shown herein has especial advantagesas a container for liquefied gases such, for example, as liquid carbon dioxide.
  • gases such as liquid carbon dioxide.
  • the release of the gas by opening the valve will cause the contents of the bottle to freeze solid while a considerable amount of carbon dioxide is left in the tank.
  • This is due to the older types'of container, especially in lling the absorption of heat by the gas as it passes rapidly from the liquid to the gaseous state which congeals the unexpelled contents of the tank so that it is possible to secure only a partial evacuation of the tank.
  • a wholly unexpectedA result occurs with a tank constituted as shown, for tanks of this design do not tend to freeze up but discharge the entire contents in gaseous, mist or snow form. a.
  • a portable container for holding Aliquefied gas under pressure' comprising a main container having a release valve for discharging thezcontents of the container, and an auxiliary container for holding a portion of the gas, vsaid auxiliary container being formed of a pipe of smaller ndiameter than the main container said pipel being sealed at one end and communicating atl the other end with the interior of vthe main container and tightly wrapped in a series of'clofsely vadjacent coils about the exterior of the main 'container.
  • a portable container for holding liqueed gas under pressure comprising a'main container 40 having a release valve for discharging the contents of the container, and a tube vofrelatively small cross section one end of which is passed through the wall of the main container and opening therein, thev remainder of theV tube lbeing sealed throughout, the tube being coiled tightly around the exterior of the main container to surround and serve as a reinforcement. for the ymain container and also as an auxiliary container for liqueed gas.
  • a portable container for holding liquefied gas or the like comprising a tank, a release valve for discharging the contents of the tank, and a length of tubing one end of which is secured in the wall of the tank, the tubing being wrapped against the exterior of the .tank Yin a plurality of convolutions the tubing communicating with the interior of the tank and otherwise sealed throughout, said tubing thereby serving as an auxiliary container for a portion of the liquefied gas.
  • a portable container for holding liqueed gas or the like comprising a tank, a release valve for discharging the contents of the tank, and a length of tubing one end of which is secured inthe'wall of the tank at a point remote from the release valve, ,the tubing being wrapped against the. exterior of the tank in a plurality of convolutions, the tubing communicating with the interior of the tank at the point of securement and being otherwise sealed throughout and thereby serving ,as an auxiliary container for a portion of the liqueed gas:

Description

` vterials.
y"Patented Dec. 26, 1944 sv PATENT OFFICE.
PRESSURE TANK Sterling W. Alderfer, Akron, Ohio, assignor of 'one-half to Edward D. Andrews, Akron, Ohio Application October 19,1942, Serial No. 462,628
4 Claims. l (C l. 220-3) The present invention has for its object improving the construction `of containers or tanks such as are used forholding `gases under high i compression. Tanks or containers of the type with which this invention deals are used forv the holding and storage of gases which are used for infiating life rafts, life ,belts or collapsible boats such as form part of the equipment for landing parties. For such uses the gas employed is usually CO2 under such high pressure that it is liquefied in the container.
'The invention may be `adapted to other and `wideruses such,- for example, as an oxygen tank used in airplanes or by parachutists who have to bail out at high altitudes. The invention may also be employed in other fields where it may be i desirable to store or transport gases under high pressures. l
The present invention is in the nature of an improvement upon the form of tank shown in my Alprior application Serial No. 452,979, led July 30,
1942, to which reference is made.
Prior tothe invention shown in my prior application, tanks which were universally employed were metal cylinders to which a charging and zrelief valve was affixed. `Due to the enormous pressures which these .tanks were required to withstand, the walls were made of a very high grade metaLusually reinforced by closely placed Wrappings of piano wire or the like. This was an expensive construction and in addition such vtanks were highly explosiveand if punctured by a bullet or fractured in any other way the walls of the tank would shatter and fly apart, the flying fragments being dangerous to those in the' vicinity. Frequently these` tanks are worn by the aviators and theexplosion of the tank may result in death or injury to the wearer. VOther objections to the old form of tank were its cost and the difficulty in securing the required ma- AIn the tank 4shown inmy former application these objections and hazards were obviated but the capacity of the tank was somewhat restricted .is also Veasier to manufacture due to the fact that the interior of the .tank is a rigid cylinder n win be understood that the spense embodif ment of the invention shown herein need not necessarily be followed in all forms which may incorporate the new and novel features of the invention as set forth in the appended claims, and therefore changes andl modiiications may be made without departing from the invention.
In the drawing in which the best known and preferred embodiment of the invention is shown:
Fig. 1 is a plan view of a life raft or inflatable boat showing the manner in which the tank is employed when used in connection with this type of equipment.
Fig. 2 is a vertical section through the tank.
Fig. 3 is a section through the valve.
Fig. 4 is a section on the line 4-4 of Fig. 2.
Instead of employing a coil of tube or piping Vas the storage space for the compressed gas as in my former construction, the volume is supplemented by a cylinder located Within the coil of tubing, so that a greater total volume is provided in the same bulk. This permits an equivalent body of compressed gas to be confined under reduced pressure or a greater volume at the same pressure as in my former tank construction. The property of non-shatterability is retained because the cross-sectional area of the outer coils of pipe is relatively quite small and the bursting pressure in that portion of the tank is comparatively low, and if the tube is broken or punctured. the gas will escape harmlessly. If the bullet penetrates to the inner tank the explosive force is reduced and the outer coils of piping serve to hold the rfragments from ying about. i
The construction comprises an interior tank or container shown at I which is preferably made of a soft steel so that it will not shatter as is the case with the Very hard steels which have been used in the single-chamber tanks which .have preceded my tank constructions. The tank provides a core upon which the outer` coils of tubing are wrapped. One end of the tank is provided with a passage 2 through which the tank is iilled and through which gas can escape when the valve 4 is opened. This Valve is of the usual construction shown in Fig. 3 and is attached to a nipple 6 formed in the end of the tank body I, and leads by the extension 1 to the inflatable body 8 here shown as an inflatable landing boat or raft. The hand valve is indicated at l0.
If the tank is to be used as an oxygen Atank the valve is attached to a breather pipe or the breather pipe and valve may be attached to the free end of the tubing. For other installations these details may be varied -as found necessary or desirable.
While the inner core or chamber is shown as a cylinder extending for the length of the tank these details may be varied. It is preferred, however, to form this 'portion of the tank as shown to constitute a form aboutwhich the outer enveloping coils of tubing may be wound. In winding the tubing about the core, it is desirable,
to prevent undue flattening of the tube, to fill it with water or other fluid under pressure which is released after the winding operation is completed. The core serves to hold the entire tank body rigid which is advantageous for certain uses and installations. As is shown in the drawing, the winding of the tube causes it to atten somewhat owing to the pressure exerted during the winding operation.
At vone end of the tank the tubing I2 is connected to and in communication with the interior of the core by turning the end ofthe tubinginto an aperture in the tank wall and permanently connecting it thereto, preferably by welding. The outer end of the tubing is closed oil' as at I4. The tubing may be of a soft steel, which is preferred, although copper tubing may be employed. The outer diameter of the tubing may be approximately 1A; inch, or even larger if desired, it being desirable to retain a relatively small across sectional area so as to reduce the pressure at any point in the tube wall. Because of the lower pressure the wall of the tubing may be quite thin, it having been found that a tubing 1A, in diameter with a wall thickness of .025 inch is more than suicient to hold gases under the very high pressures which are employed in tanks for the purposes set forth. i The tubing is wrapped about the core in any number of convolutions and layers. As lshown three layers of tubing, each layer comprising closely packed convolutions, will give a total volumetric capacity in addition to the capacity of the core or central cylinder to hold a large volume of gas. After the 'tubing is completely wrapped it may be coated with a paint or shellac which will flow between the interstices of the structure. Also an outer covering or sac I5 may be provided.
It will be appreciated that the number of turns r and layers of the coiled tubing and the size thereof and the size and shape of the core may be Varied in accordance with the volumetric capacity desired and the pressures which are intended to be maintained. The advantages of the non-explosive tank have been retained but the interior hollow core has permitted a substantial increase in the capacity without losing that valuable feature of my prior invention. The outer wrappings of the metal tubing not only serve as a supplementary chamber but also reinforce the walls of the inner chamber, both by the inherent -strength of the tube and by the pressure within the tube which oisets the outward pressure on the walls of the main chamber.
It has also developed that the tank shown herein has especial advantagesas a container for liquefied gases such, for example, as liquid carbon dioxide. In the ordinary bottle tanks of the prior art,Y the release of the gas by opening the valve will cause the contents of the bottle to freeze solid while a considerable amount of carbon dioxide is left in the tank. This is due to the older types'of container, especially in lling the absorption of heat by the gas as it passes rapidly from the liquid to the gaseous state which congeals the unexpelled contents of the tank so that it is possible to secure only a partial evacuation of the tank. A wholly unexpectedA result occurs with a tank constituted as shown, for tanks of this design do not tend to freeze up but discharge the entire contents in gaseous, mist or snow form. a.
This result is due to the factthat vthe liquid gas within the exterior coils will volatilize first due to the exposed condition of the coil. The gas will flow from the tube through the liquid in the body of the tank and will keep it ina state of violent agitation until all of the contents arev discharged, which prevents the contents from` freezing as a solid mass. Any liquid gas which is frozen will turn into a ne snow and will be carried out by the gas in tiny snow-like particles and no solid freezing of the contents of the bottle will occur. This is an immense advantage over life boats or rafts in which it is urgent that-the full capacity of the tank be released immediately.
What is claimed is:
1. A portable container for holding Aliquefied gas under pressure', comprising a main container having a release valve for discharging thezcontents of the container, and an auxiliary container for holding a portion of the gas, vsaid auxiliary container being formed of a pipe of smaller ndiameter than the main container said pipel being sealed at one end and communicating atl the other end with the interior of vthe main container and tightly wrapped in a series of'clofsely vadjacent coils about the exterior of the main 'container.
2. A portable container for holding liqueed gas under pressure, comprising a'main container 40 having a release valve for discharging the contents of the container, and a tube vofrelatively small cross section one end of which is passed through the wall of the main container and opening therein, thev remainder of theV tube lbeing sealed throughout, the tube being coiled tightly around the exterior of the main container to surround and serve as a reinforcement. for the ymain container and also as an auxiliary container for liqueed gas.
3. A portable container for holding liquefied gas or the like, comprising a tank, a release valve for discharging the contents of the tank, and a length of tubing one end of which is secured in the wall of the tank, the tubing being wrapped against the exterior of the .tank Yin a plurality of convolutions the tubing communicating with the interior of the tank and otherwise sealed throughout, said tubing thereby serving as an auxiliary container for a portion of the liquefied gas.
4. A portable container for holding liqueed gas or the like,- comprising a tank, a release valve for discharging the contents of the tank, and a length of tubing one end of which is secured inthe'wall of the tank at a point remote from the release valve, ,the tubing being wrapped against the. exterior of the tank in a plurality of convolutions, the tubing communicating with the interior of the tank at the point of securement and being otherwise sealed throughout and thereby serving ,as an auxiliary container for a portion of the liqueed gas:
STERLING W. ALDERFER.
US462628A 1942-10-19 1942-10-19 Pressure tank Expired - Lifetime US2366140A (en)

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2697483A (en) * 1948-04-27 1954-12-21 Bell Aircraft Corp Pressure vessel
US2937698A (en) * 1954-11-10 1960-05-24 Chrysler Corp Pressure tank
US2968928A (en) * 1954-03-26 1961-01-24 Wicklander Anders Emanuel Floating barrier
US3044654A (en) * 1958-07-01 1962-07-17 Bendix Corp High pressure vessel
US3142850A (en) * 1962-08-13 1964-08-04 Knapp Monarch Co Inflator for co2 inflation device
US4282823A (en) * 1978-08-04 1981-08-11 S.S.O.S. Sub Sea Oil Services S.P.A. Underwater hull or tank
US20080283419A1 (en) * 2007-05-04 2008-11-20 Veksler Mark D Reduced-weight container and/or tube for compressed gases and liquids
DE102016220148A1 (en) * 2016-10-14 2018-04-19 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Pressure vessel with a pipe surrounding the container and manufacturing process

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2697483A (en) * 1948-04-27 1954-12-21 Bell Aircraft Corp Pressure vessel
US2968928A (en) * 1954-03-26 1961-01-24 Wicklander Anders Emanuel Floating barrier
US2937698A (en) * 1954-11-10 1960-05-24 Chrysler Corp Pressure tank
US3044654A (en) * 1958-07-01 1962-07-17 Bendix Corp High pressure vessel
US3142850A (en) * 1962-08-13 1964-08-04 Knapp Monarch Co Inflator for co2 inflation device
US4282823A (en) * 1978-08-04 1981-08-11 S.S.O.S. Sub Sea Oil Services S.P.A. Underwater hull or tank
US20080283419A1 (en) * 2007-05-04 2008-11-20 Veksler Mark D Reduced-weight container and/or tube for compressed gases and liquids
US9061788B2 (en) * 2007-05-04 2015-06-23 Materials & Electrochemical Research Corp. Reduced-weight container and/or tube for compressed gases and liquids
DE102016220148A1 (en) * 2016-10-14 2018-04-19 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Pressure vessel with a pipe surrounding the container and manufacturing process

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