US2363217A - Process fob making brush elements - Google Patents

Description

2 Shets-Sheet 1 JummillL 1944- e. v. WOODLING PROCESS FOR MAKING BRUSH ELEMENTS Filed March l3, 1942 N v- 21, 1944. G. v. WOODLING 2,363,217

PROCESS FOR MAKING BRUSH ELEMENTS Filed March 15, 1942 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 z /03 02 M 50 m4 2/ 7%Z4 INVENTOR.

Patented Nov. 21, 1944 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 12 Claims.

My invention relates in general to a brush element and to the apparatus and process for constructing same.

In the practice of my invention, the brush bristle is made from a fibrous cord impregnated with glue or any other suitable viscous substance. The impregnated cord is relatively thin and is capable of withstanding a terrific amount of severe abuse in the polishing and surfacing of metals and other materials requiring polishing and surfacing. The glue or other viscous substance may have finely divided abrasive material therein to produce a more vigorous polishing or surfacing action upon the metal or other sub stance being processed. Thus, for example, the glue or other viscous substance may have finely divided abrasive materials in the nature of powder or in larger particles so long as the abrasive material is capable of remaining in suspension in the glue or other viscous substance during the process of impregnating the cord with the glue. As used herein, the term glue or other viscous substance is interpreted to include the abrasive material or any substance therein as well as suitable plastic materials having the desired characteristics as glue.

The method of making the impregnated cord for the bristles may be the same a that shown and described in my pending patent application Serial No. 413,071 filed September 30, 1941 (since abandoned) for Impregnated cord and apparatus and. process for making same.

An object of my invention is the provision of making a brush element from a continuous bristle.

Another object of my invention is the provision of making a brush element of a continuous bristle without cutting the continuous bristle into a series of short lengths before anchoring them to an anchoring member.

Another object of my invention is the provision of making the process continuous from the glue impregnating vessel to the final brush element.

Another object of my invention is the provision of a brush element having the bristles glued or otherwise anchored to an anchoring strip.

Another object of my invention is the provision of a brush element having the bristles glued and sewed together.

Another object of my invention is the process for making a brush element by winding a continuous elongated brush element in a series of loops and anchoring one side of the loops together and severing the loops at a distance from where they are anchored together.

.Another object of my invention is the process 5 for making a brush element by winding a continuous elongated bristle element in .a series of loops about two spaced anchoring strips and severing the loops intermediate the anchoring strips.

Another object of my invention is the provision or process for making a brush element by winding ber and then severing the bristles intermediate the anchoring members.

Another object of my invention is the provision of winding the brush element in a spiral about a mandrel or any other rotating member while anchoring or gluing the bristles to the anchoring member.

Another object of my invention is the provision of sewing one side of a series of loops of a continuous bristle element together and the-n severing the bristles at a distance from the place where they are sewed together.

Another object of my invention is the process of making a brush element from a continuous impregnated cord, wherein the process is continuous from the glue impregnating vessel up to the final steps where the brush element is finally wound into a spiral form.

Other objects and a fuller understanding may be had by referring to the following description and claims, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 represents a side elevational view of an apparatus for carrying out a process for making my bristle element;

Figure 2 is a vertical view taken along the line 2-2 of Figure l with certain parts removed to render the figure as clear as possible;

Figure 3 is a view of the rollers taken along the line 3-3 of Figure 1; showing only .the upper set of rollers;

Figure 4 is a fragmentary cross-sectional view taken along the line 44 of Figure 1;

Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line 5-5 of Figure 1;

Figure 6 show an enlarged view of the shields for the brush element which are arranged to guide the brush elements upon the mandrels;

Figure 7 is a fragmentary view showing the manner in which the brush element is spirally wound around a mandrel;

Figure 8 is a diagrammatic illustration show,-

ing the manner in which the brush element is spirally wound around the mandrel;

Figure 9 shows a perspective view of the bristle element after it is wound in a spiral form;

Figure 10 shows a side view of a spiral brush made in accordance with the provisions of my invention;

Figure 11 shows a side elevational view of a brush element in a straight form as distinguished from a spiral form; t

Figure 12 shows a brush constructed of straight brush elements as shown in Figure 11;

Figure 13 shows a fiat wire which may be employed as an anchoring member in anchoring the bristles thereto;

Figure 14 shows a modified anchoring member in that the wire is covered with cloth;

Figure 15 shows a further modified anchoring member in that it comprises a corrugated wire with the outer surface rough;

Figure 16 shows an anchoring member made of an impregnated cord comprising the same material as the bristles themselves;

Figure 17 shows a fragmentary portion of my invention with a modification, in that the series of loops of the continuous bristle is sewed to the anchoring member as well as being glued thereto;

Figure 18 shows a side View of Figure 17 illustrating the position of the sewing device with respect to the continuous bristle looped around the anchoring .member;

Figure 19 shows a fragmentary portion of my machine for making a bristle element and being modified from the other views in that a backing strip is applied around the bristles where they loop around the anchoring member;

Figure 20 is a side view of the bristles shown in Figure 19 and showing particularly the backing member pressed around the bristles where they are looped about the anchoring member;

Figure 21 shows a fragmentary portion of my invention wherein the side-by-side bristles are sewed together without the employment of an anchoring member;

Figure 22 shows a side view of th bristles as made by the embodiment in Figure 21 where the bristles are sewed together;

Figure 23 shows a further modified form in which the bristle cord may be looped or laced about tabs provided on spaced anchoring strips;

Figure 24 shows the manner in which the tabs in Figure 23 on the anchoring strips may be bent downwardly to engage the looped or laced cord where it is looped around the tabs;

Figure 25 shows a modification from that shown in Figur 23 in that the anchoring strips are of an endless construction'and rotate continuously. as the bristle cord is looped or laced about the tabs provided thereon, the loops after they are joined being removable from the tabs of th endless anchoring members or elements;

Figure 26 is a fragmentary view showing a looped bristle cord being pulled away from the tabs on the anchoring element; and

Figure 27 is a diagrammatic illustration of a side view of the anchoring element and the bristle cord of Figur 25.

My apparatus and method are particularly adapted for the making of cylindrical spiral brushes, although' the brush element may be separately made and sold for replacement elements.

With reference to Figure 1, the impregnated cord 34 from which my brush elements are made is arranged to be impregnated with glue or any' other suitable viscous substance provided in a suitable glue vessel 30. The impregnated cord 34 is preferably vacuum impregnated wherein the glue or other viscous substance penetrates the pores or interstices of the strands of the cord as well as between the strands. The vacuum action gives a perfectly impregnated cord of a relatively still character and. stable to withstand severe operation. The impregnated word 34 is unwound from supply rolls 32 and 33 immersed below the level 3! of the glue. While I have illustrated two cords 34 being impregnated with glue, it is clearly understood that with my invention any number of cords may be impregnated at the same time and pass through my apparatus for making the brush element. As the impregnated cords leave the glue vessel 30, they pass through a glue setting device indicated generally by the reference character 36. Upon leaving the glue vessel, the cord may pass over a suitable roller 35 to guide them to the glue setting device 36. The glue setting device 36 may be of any suitable equipment and may comprise a container where the impregnated cord passes through a suitable solution of liquid such, for example, as formaldehyde, to set the glue and render the impregnated cord relatively dash-dot line 42 indicates the mechanical drive between the electric motor 4| and the pulley 45.

The right-hand end of the winding arm 31 is provided with a guide element 43 for winding the continuous impregnated cords in a series of closed loops about twospaced arms 46 and 41' adjustably carried by a thin supporting plate 58 having its right-hand end connected to a vertical support member 59'which rests upon a base 60 which also carries the support 39 for the bearing 38. As illustrated, the spacing arms 46 and 47 are respectively clamped to the left-hand end of the thin supporting plate 58 by means of clamping bolts 62 and 63 which slidably engage the illustrated slots provided in the spacing arms 46 and 41. By this construction the spacing ar 46 and 41 may be adjusted relative to each other Zr; give variation in the size of the loops of cord rapped thereabout. The extreme left-hand end 6| of the thin supporting plate 58 carries two wire pulleys 56 and 51 to guide, respectively, two anchoring wires 50 and 5| upon the cupped edges 48 and 49 of the spacing arms 46 and 41, respectively. The anchoring wires 50 .and 5| are supplied from a wire supply roll 52 and 53, respectively, which may be suitably mounted upon the right-hand end of the entire apparatus. The wires 50 and 5| as they leave the supply rolls 52 and 53, respectively, pass through wire tension devices 54 and 55, after which the two wires pass longitudinally to the left in the drawing where they loop around the wire pulleys 56 and 51, respectively, after which the wires pass into the cupped edges of the spacing arms 46 and 41. The ends of the anchoring wires 50 and 5| are anchored, respectively, to the winding mandrels 89 and 90 upon the right-hand end of the drawing in Figure 1. The winding mandrels 89 and 98 may be driven by the electric motor 4| by any suitable means and the mechanical drive means may be illustrated by the dash- dot lines 93 and 94.

As the mandrels 89 and. 90 rotate, the two anchoring wires 50 and 5| are caused to move along the spacing arms 46 and 41 in the cupped edges 48 and 49. As the anchoring wires 50 and 5| gradually move along the spacing arms 46 and 41 the winding arm 31 wraps the impregnated cords 34 thereabout in a series of closely spaced loops. In the operation of my machine, the loops are wound closely together so that the impregnated cords contact each other. The loops may be wound relatively tight around theanchoring wires 58 and 5| making substantially a flat series of loops about the thin supporting plate 58. As

the anchoring wires 58 and 5 l, are gradually drawn through the right in the drawing, the impregnated cords 34 are caused to pass between opposite rollers to press the flat loops against each other next to the anchoring wires. The anchoring wires 50 and 5| are slightly larger in diameter than the supportplate 58 is thick, so that the looped cords clear the sides of the support plate 58 as they move to the right. The opposite rollers which press the flat loops about the anchoring wire |5 are illustrated by the reference character 88 and the opposite rollers which press the flat loops about the anchoring wire 5| are illustrated by the reference character 12. The set of opposite rollers 58 and '12 are positioned immediately next to the endsof the spacing arms 46 and 41 so that just as soon as the anchoring wires 58 and 5| leave the spacing arms 46 and 41 the impregnated cords 34 are caused to pass between the sets of opposite rollers 68 and 12. In association with the set of opposite rollers 68 is an edge roller 59 which engages the bristle cords along their outer edges as the wire 58 moves therealong. Similarly, an edge roller 13 is associated with the set of opposite-rollers 12. The set of opposite rollers 68 and 12 and the edge rollers 59 and 13 may be suitably driven by the motor 4| and the mechanical connection for driving same are illustrated by the dash-dot lines. Thus, the dash-dot line illustrates the mechanical drive for the set of opposite rollers 58', the dash-dot line 1| indicates the mechanical drive for the edge roller 69, the dash-dot line 14 indicates the mechanical drive for the set of opposite rollers 12, and the dash-dot line 15 indicates the mechanical drive for the edge roller 13. In Figure 3 is shown an enlarged view of the relationship of the opposite rollers 68 and the edge roller 89. The opposite rollers 88 may be provided with annular ribs so that they may firmly grip the bristle cord on opposite sides of the wire 59 to insure a good firm.

the time that the set of opposite rollers 68 engagethe cord in order to make the cord fit closely about the wire 50. The opposite rollers 12 and the edge roller 13 are of the same construction and disposition as the opposite rollers 68 and the edge roller 69. The action of the roller members tends to squeeze some of the glue which is still in a wet form out of the inside of the bristle cord and makes the glue flow between the layers of the loops of impregnated cord. Furthermore, the glue is squeezed out of the impregnated loops upon the anchoring wires with the result that the anchoring wires and the impregnated cords are well supplied with glue to glue the side by side layers of cord together as well as the loops of the cord to the wire. At this point if insufiicient glue is provided in the impregnated cord, then an additional supply of glue may be added to the side by 1 side layers of the loops just prior tothe loops passing in contact with the rollers.

As illustrated in Figure 1, the loops of impregnated cord carried about the anchoring wires 50 and 5| are arranged to pass into an air dryer 18 immediately after leaving the spacing arms 46 and 41 in advance of the squeezing rollers. The air dryer 18 may be of any suitable construction in which heated air is caused to pass over the impregnated cords which are still wet when they enter the air dryer. As the side by side layers of loops which are carried by the anchoring wires 59 and 5| pass through the air dryer, the impregnated cord gradually becomes drier, thereby firmly anchoring the loops of cord to the anchoring wires 58 and 5|, The air drying process is such that by the time the series of side by side loops of impregnated cord reach the edge rollers 16 and 11 the cords are fairly well d y..with the result that they stick to each other rather well as well as to the anchoring wires. When the series of side by side loops of impregnated cord reach the edge rollers 15 and 11 they then pass under cutting knives 8| for severing them in two. The cutting knives 8| are arranged to rotate closely ,to a cutting edge 82 to give a good cutting shearing action for cutting the cords in two. The cutter knives 8| may be mechanically driven by the motor 4| as illustrated by the dash-dot line 85 and the cutting edges of the knives may be scalloped or otherwise shaped to give good cutting action. Prior t the time that the impregnated loops of cord are cut in two, they pass between the side walls of a side shield to give vertical support to the severed cords. The top shield is indicated by the reference character 19 and the bottom shield is indicated by the reference character and they extend to the right-hand end of the machine in relatively close arrangement with the mandrels 89 and 98. After the impregnated sideby-side cords are cut in two by the cutter knife 8|, the cut ends thereof pass over spacers 84 which, together with the bolts 83, anchor the thin supporting plate .58 to the vertical supporting 'over are not very much disturbed.

By the time that the-bristles reach the exit side of the air dryer they are substantially fully dried with the result that they are firmly anchored to the anchoring wires as well as firmly glued together between themselves. The process of winding the bristles which are anchored to the anchoring wires 59 and 5| may be accomplished by any suitable means such as shown in Figures 7 and 8, wherein Figure 7 shows the bristles being wound in their first spiral against a side plate 9|- As the mandrels rotate, the spirals are closely pressed together axially against the plate 9|. This may be accomplished by passing the anchoring wires with the bristles glued thereto next t a stationary side plate 92 and by applying pressure axially of the mandrel 89 by a weight 88 which forces the mandrel 89 to the left in the view of Figure 8 in the drawings. The view in Figure 8 represents the lower mandrel 99 in such as shown in Figures '7 and 8 may be substantially the same as that shown and described in Patent No. 1,963,045 issued on June 12, 1934, to F. J. Bickel for Apparatus and method for making brushes. The completed spiral brush is shown in Figure 10 of the drawings. The brush element is likewise capable of being used separately and may be an article of commerce in the form shown in Figure 9 wherein the helical strip is intended for winding upon a mandrel at any time subsequent to the manufacture of the strip. The spiral strip as shown in Figure 9 is represented by the reference charcater 95 and may be of any suitable length to accommodate mandrels of various lengths.

The brush element may likewise be produced in a straight form as shown by the reference character 96 in Figure 11 and may be made into a brush as shown in Figure 12. The anchoring Wires may be flat as shown in Figure 13 by the reference character 91 or they may be cloth covered wire as shown in Figure 14 by thereference character 98 or they may be a wire having a corrugated surface as shown in Figure 15 by the reference character 99 or they may comprise an impregnated cord I as shown in Figure 16 wherein the impregnated cord may be of the same material as the bristles themselves.

In Figures 17 and 18 I show a fragmentary view of my apparatus for makinga bristle element wherein I show a modification or rather an addition to the previously described processes in that I arrange for sewing the bristles together after they pass between the opposite set of rollers and the edge roller associated therewith. The sewing may be done by any suitable means and the needie of the sewing equipment is illustrated by the reference character I02 and may be driven by a motor I03 which also drives a bobbin I04. The process is otherwise the same as that previously described and the object of using the sewing operation is to firmly bind the bristles themselves together where they are looped about the anchoring wire.

In Figure 19 I show another modification of my invention in that I have added thereto the provision for' applying a backing strip I to the edge of the series of side-by-side loops of impregnated cord. The backing strip may be of any suitable shape and construction and prior to its engaging the roll I06 it may be in the form of a fiat strip, whereupon after engaging the roll I06 the flat strip is gradually bent into a U- shaped channel having side walls for engaging the external surface of the loops of impregnated cord where they pass around the anchoring wire. After leaving the roller I06, the backing strip then passes between the set of opposite rollers I08 with the bottom of the U-shaped channel engaging a roller I01. The set of opposite rollers I08 and the edge roller III'I presses the backing strip firmly about the loops of impregnated cord as shown in Figure 20. The rollers I08 and the roller I01 may be driven by any mechanical means by the motor H. The arrangement in Figures 19 and 20 constitutes an addition to the apparatus shown on Figure 1 of the drawings, wherein the backing strip may be made of tough paper, fabric, or sheet metal. In Figure 21 I show a further modification of my invention in that I do not employ any anchoring wire or other member but the loops of the impregnated cord are sewed together along their sides. Thus, in Figure 21 the spacing arms are modified and are designated by the reference characters I09 and H0, respectively. In each of the spacing arms there is provided a shuttle driven by the motor I II. The shuttle for the upper arm is designated by the reference character III and the shuttle for the lower arm is designated by the reference character II2. These shuttles are arranged to push the side-by-side series of loops of impregnated cord to the right as shown in the drawings until they pass under. two needles II3 on one side of the loop and two needles II4 on the other side of the loop. After being sewn the loops are urged still further rearwardly under and between the series of rollers II5 positioned on one side of the loops and rollers IIB positioned on the other side of the loops. The rollers may be driven by the motor II'I. Instead of using two sewing needles side-by-side, one needle may be employed. After the series of loops are sewed together they pass rearwardly through a dryer and are severed as hereinbefore described. A side view of the bristles after they are severed is shown in Figure 22, whereupon the brush elements after they are out in two are wound around a mandrel as hereinbefore described. In all the processes shown in the Figures 17, i9 and 21, the impregnated cord is still wet at the time that the sewing operation takes place or at the time that the backing member I05 is applied thereto. As illustrated in Figure 21, the spacing arms I09 and H0 have narrow arm extensions I I8 so that the sewing operation may be done as closely as possible to the side edges of the loops which facilitates the winding of the bristles about the mandrels in that the bottom of the bristles are well supported by the sewing and the glue. The sewing operation may be any suitable stitch which tends to bind and anchor the side-by-side loops of cord closely together so that when the glue is set there is very little stretching of the bristles as they are wound the mandrel.

In Figures 23 to 27 I illustrate a new method of looping the continuous cord on side anchoring strips. These side anchoring strips in Figures 23 and 24 are illustrated by the reference character I I9 and comprise a strip of thin metal having tabs I20 and I2| bent alternately on opposite sides of the strip. A continuous impregnated cord 34 is wound or laced back and forth between the paths of the two spaced strips II9. For clarity in Figure 23, the loops are shown as being laced or looped around the tabs upon the top side of the strips IIB but it is understood that the corresponding layer or series of loops are wound between the strips I I9 upon the bottom side thereof between the tabs I20. The strips II9 may ride rearwardly through the machine upon spaced side arms the same as that described in the previous views of the invention and as the strip II9 moves rearwardly upon the machine a suitably designed winding arm wraps the continuous bristle cord about the tabs. After the strips II9 pass rearwardly off of suitable spaced side arms, they then pass between oppositely disposed rollers I22 which bend the tabs I20 and I2I about the bristle cords where they are looped about the'tabs. The rollers are shown in Figure 24 and also are relatively wide so that the cords on opposite sides of the anchoring strip II9 are pressed in between each other. That is to say, the looping or. lacing of the cords upon one side of the strip III! are offset with the looping or lacing of the cord upon the bottom side of the strip IIO so that when they are pressed together by the rollers the cords fit in between each other near the inside edges of the strip I I9. The cords in Figure 23 are severed intermediate their ends ing strips I22 are provided with laterally extending tabs I21 on one side thereof about which the bristle cord is looped or laced by a suitable winding arm and in the same manner as that illustrated for Figure 23. In Figure 25 the cord is looped aboutthe tabs on one side only of the anchoring strips I23. As the loops of cord move rearwardly they are sewed together by a needle I24 driven by a motor I25. The glue and the sewing operation hold the looped ends of the cord firmly together to make an eflicient strip which may be wound around a mandrel as described hereinbefore. As the stitched and glued loops move rearwardly they are separated from the strips I23 by pulling themselves off of the laterally downwardly turned tabs I21, see Figure 26. After the loops are pulled from the downwardly turned tabs I21 they pass rearwardly and are severed intermediate their ends in the same manner as that described in the previous showings of my invention. After the loops are severed they are then wound about the mandrels for making the completed brush.

In my invention the glue should be fairly well set before thebristlesare cut in two intermediate their ends. The degree of the drying of the glue may be governed by the operation condition of the air dryer I8 through which the loops of cord pass before they are wound upon the mandrel. The glue may be completely set or only partly set at the time that the bristles are wound upon the mandrel and in the event that the bristles are only partially set as they are wound upon the mandrel, the mandrels may then be further air dried to completely set the glue or the mandrels may be stored in which the glue is set by drying in the air.

The bristles which may be used in my invention are not limited to the cord or fibrous bristle impregnated with glue but includes bristles of all kinds which may be glued or sewed or otherwise anchored together where the loops are bent back upon themselves. The bristle herein described, however, is very effective in making industrial brushes for polishing and cleaning purposes. The tension to which the spirals are wound around the mandrels may be governed by the tension imposed upon the anchoring strips, such for example, as the tension devices 54 and 55 in Figure 1. The tension of the loops of cord as made in Figures 25, 26 and 2'7 may be governed by a braking device I26 which may be in the form of a dynamo-electric machine producing a braking action.

The final product may be sold as a completed brush as shown in Figure 10 or it may be sold as a spiral strip of bristles as shown in Figure 9 which may be thereafter mounted upon a, suitable mandrel to replace worn out bristles. In all the forms of my invention except that shown in Figures 19 and 20 I eliminate the employment of a backing strip which materially reduces the cost of the operation. The backing strip may be em-- Dloyed in certain types of brushes but the glue and the sewing either taken singularly or in combination produces a very effective way of holding the sIde-by-side looped cords together while making a brush element as herein described.

I claim as my invention:

1. A process for making a brush element from a cord comprising the steps of providing a viscous substance to said cord, bending portions of the cord upon an anchoring'strip and folding the portions substantially back upon themselves in a side-by-side disposition to form at least a double layer of cord portions, and mounting a backing strip on the outside of the ,cord portions where they are bent about the anchoring strip with the viscous substance still unset, whereby the viscous substance when set aids to anchor the bent portions of the cord to the anchoring strip within the backing strip.

2. A process for making a brush element comprising the steps of impregnating a continuous elongated cord with glue, winding the impregnated cord in closed loops, side-by-side, about two spaced elongated anchoring strips, anchoring the loops to the anchoring strips, severing the loops intermediate the anchoring strips, and winding each of the anchoring strips with the bristles anchored thereto in a helix.

3. A process for making a brush element from a cord comprising the steps of providing a viscous substance to said cord, bending portions of the cord upon an anchoring strip and folding the portions substantially back upon themselves in a side-by-side disposition to form at least a double layer of cord portions, and winding the anchoring strip helically upon a core with the bent portions of the cord being directly mounted upon the core in a compact wound position to avoid re-shifting of the cord axially of the core and with the viscous substance still unset, where by the viscous substance when set aids to anchor the bent portions of the cord to the core and the anchoring strip in said compact wound position.

4. A process for making a brush element comprising the steps of impregnating a continuous elongated cord with glue, winding the impregnated cord in a series of loops upon two spaced elongated anchoring strips with the glue still wet, anchoring the loops to the anchoring strips, and severing the loops intermediate the anchoring strips, and winding each of the anchoring strips with the bristles anchored thereto in a helix.

5. A process for making a brush element comprising the steps of impregnating a continuous elongated cord with glue, winding the impregnated cord in a series of loops upon two spaced elongated anchoring strips made of flat wire with the glue still wet, drying the impregnated loops of cord, and severing the loops intermediate the anchoring strips, and winding each of the anchor ing strips with the bristles anchored thereto in a helix.

6. A process for making a brush element comprising the steps of impregnating a continuous elongated cord with glue, winding the impregnated cord in a series of loops upon two spaceelelongated anchoring strips made of wire with a corrugated surface with the glue still wet, drying the impregnated loops of cord, and severing the loops intermediate the anchoring strips, and winding each of the anchoring strips with the bristles anchored thereto in a helix.

7. A process for making a brush element comprising the steps of impregnating a continuous elongated cord with glue, winding the impregnated cord in a series of loops upon two spaced elongated anchoring strips made or wir covered with cloth with the glue still wet, drying the impregnated loops of cord, and severing the loops intermediate the anchoring strips, and winding each of the anchoring strips with the bristles anchored thereto in a helix.

8. A process for making a brush element comprising the steps of impregnating a continuous elongated cord with viscous substance, winding the impregnated cord in loops upon two spaced elongated anchoring strips with the impregnated viscous substance in the cord still damp, drying the impregnated loops of cord whereby the dried viscous substance anchors the loops of cord to the anchoring strips, and severing the loops intermediate the anchoring strips to make the brush element.

9. A process for making a brush element from bristles which comprises providing a viscous substance to said bristles and bending said bristles back upon themselves about an anchoring strip in a side-by-side disposition to form at least a double layer of bristles which extend to one side of the anchoring strip, and winding the anchoring strip helically upon a core with the bent portion of th bristles being directly mounted upon the core in a compact wound position to avoid re-shifting of the cord axially oi the core and with the viscous substance still unset, whereby the viscous substance when set aids to anchor the bristles to the core and the anchoring strip back upon themselves about an anchoring strip in a side-by-slde disposition to form at least a double layer or bristles which extend to one side of the anchoring strip, and attaching a backing strip on the outside or the bristles where they are bent about the anchoring strip with the viscous substance still unset, whereby the viscous substance when set aids to anchor the bristles I to the anchoring strip within the back ng strip.

11. A process for making a brush element comprising the steps of impregnating a continuous elongated cord with viscous substance, bending portions of the cord with the viscous substance still unset upon an anchoring strip and folding the portions substantially back upon themselves in a side-by-side disposition to form at least a double layer of cord portions, whereby the viscous substance when set aids to anchor the bent portions of the cord to the anchoring strip, and severing the folded cord portions at a distance from the anchoring strip to form bristles.

12. A process for making a brush element from bristles which comprises providing a viscous chor the pressed bristles together to the core and the anchoring strip.

GEORGE V. WOODLING.

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