US2360343A - Air conditioning apparatus - Google Patents

Description

Oct. 17, 1944. c. H HILL I AIR CONDITIONING APPARATUS File d March 2, 1942 4 sheets-sne k 1 30) (Q (Q cam-1Q 0 '10) ATTORNEY Oct. 17, 1944. c. H. HILL AIR CONDITIONING APPARATUS Filed March 2, 1942 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 will. I||| \rIFII .Lrl

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1 IJII |||||1|| llll llllllll i ii% ii if ||II|||||I lllllllllllll I l l l l Ill. hoeoooooooooodoooooooi ATTORNEY Patented Oct. 17, 1944 2,360,343 AIR CONDITIONING APPARATUS Clyde H. Hill, Portland, reg., assignor to Hill System Inc., Portland, 0reg., a corporation of Oregon Application March 2, 1942, Serial No. 432,975

7 Claims.

This invention relates to air conditioning of rooms, where the optimum temperature is known and it is desirable that it be uniform throughout the room. It involves special construction of room walls and air distributing auxiliaries; the word room being employed in its broadest sense to mean any sort of chamber for any use within the scope of the invention.

The principal object of the invention is to attain even temperature throughout the entire space enclosed by the walls of the room and to attain that optimum result without creation of perceptible air currents commonly called drafts.

Another object is the provision of relatively rapid renewal of the air contents of a room, without impairment of the first stated object.

Another object incidental to operation of the device and apparatus tobe described, is the beneficial result of better oxygen conditions due to a maintained super-atmosphere pressure.

The foregoing and other objects that will be apparent to those skilled in air conditioning and related arts, will be at once seen and constitute the purpose of this invention.

The principle of operation may be stated in a few words. Cool air moving as a mass downward from the top encounters two or more masses of warm air moving in laterally, and if des rable from the bottom; and it must be remembered that these masses of warm air tend strongly to curve upwardly due to their temperature, which tendency is equally and oppositely met by the downward mass of cool air. By moving a, thermometer from place to place, or positioning a considerable number of them at difierent points in the room, it is easily possible by controlling the top and side air inlet openings, to shortly achieve the first stated object. Once having attained that with a given amount of air inlet and for a predetermined temperature, very little change is found if the amount of air and/or temperature is changed considerably. The same is true if the air pressure within the room is raised or lowered by manipulating the final outlet or vent, provided always that some super-atmosphere pressure is maintained.

To illustrate what I consider the best form of the invention, I have shown a room equipped with the special devices of the invention and it will be considered to be a brooder for the purpose of the description, since that is an important use; though it could likewise well be considered as an incubator, or as an operating room in a surgery, which is another important use.

The drawings are to be considered as a part hereof and consist of the following views:

Fig. I is a vertical section of the structure shown in Fig. II, taken on the line I--I;

Fig. II is a section of Fig. I taken on the line 11-11;

Fig. III is a section taken on the line IIIIII, Fig. I;

Fig. IV is a section taken on the line IV- -IV, Fig. I;

Fig. V is a section taken on the line VV, Fig. I;

Fig. VI is a section taken on the line VI-VI, Fig. I;

Fig. VII is a front elevation, partly sectioned at VII-VII, Fig. III; and

Fig. VIII is a right hand side elevation of Fig. VII partly in section. See line VIII-VIII, Fig. III.

In the drawings, representation of the difierent structural and mechanical elements is largely diagrammatic. Commencing with Fig. I. A fan I delivers cool air to a delivery nozzle 2, and dampers 3 and 4 are adjustably positioned to deliver part of the output into a box 6, covered with a perforated plate I, and over a plurality of heating elements such as 5; from whence the warmed .air passes into the horizontal distribution chamber 8 and thence upwardly through the hollow side-wall spaces 9 (see Fig. II) from whence the controlled openings ill, of which there will be sufiicient number with proper distribution, fulfill the function previously described.

Returning to the delivery nozzle 2, a selected portion of the cool air is deflected upwardly past the damper 4 to a vertical duct l I, to the hollow top space l2 above the ceiling I3. The ceiling I3 is furnished with a plurality of downwardly projecting controlled openings I4 to produce a mass movement of cool air within the room as hereinbefore described.

The structure described, or its equivalent, will be a room within which a mass of slow moving cool air descends from the ceiling and masses of warm air move inwardly from the side walls normal to the movement of the cool air. The warm air tends to thermal movement upwardly, While the cool air has a strong tendency downward.

It is the purpose of the various control means to so proportion the relative quantities of air delivered in the different directions that the upward tendency of the warm air is counterbalanced by the downward tendency of the cool air. It has been found that once the regulating means are set, the actual balance is not upset over quite a wide range of temperature variation.

Air cannot of course enter a room without a substantially equal amount leaving it and the slow moving mass of mixed warm and cool air moves downwardly and spent air will pass outwardly to the balancing chamber [6, see Figs. IV, VII and VIII, and be finally exhausted to atmosphere through the vent H which will be suitably controlled by a slide valve, damper or other equivalent means.

The slides shown are diagrammatic and for this reason have not been designated by reference numerals as the art needs none to understand what they are for.

Approximate realization of the same results obtainable with the structure hereinbefore described in considerable detail can be obtained by staggering cool and warm air inlets over the whole air admitting surfaces of walls and ceiling, but obviously this will add materially to the cost of construction without commensurate gain; however, I do not wish to exclude this construction from my claims, so long as superatmosphere pressure is maintained in the air conditioned chamber, the balancing chamber is employed and the amount of air circulating through the chamber is controlled by the outlet through a balancing chamber. The usual insulation of the outside walls will be used in all cases.

Having described my invention, illustrated its general structure and explained the principle of operation so that those skilled in the art may make full use of it, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is;

1. Temperature controlling devices for an enclosure comprising, a double walled room, a single source of air delivery connected to the spaces between the walls and ceiling, means for controllably dividing air delivery from said source into a plurality of streams, means for heating one or more of the streams for delivery to the vertical side wall spaces, said side walls being provided with groups of spaced openings connecting to the enclosure, independent means for varying the capacity of the groups of openings, another air stream from said air source connected to the ceiling space the inner member of which is provided with groups of spaced openings, independent damper means for controlling the air capacity of said groups, the said double walled room being provided with a plurality of spaced vents near the bottom thereof, a balancing chamber beneath the room into which said vents discharge and a controlled outlet for said balancing chamber.

2. Air supply and conditioning means for a room comprising plenum chambers above and adjacent at least two opposite side walls thereof, said chambers being substantially coextensive with the respective room boundaries. communication means between the plenum chambers and the rooms comprising distributed groups of short ducts therebetween, independent throttling means for said groups of ducts, air supply means comprising warm air supply for the side Walls and cool air for the Ceiling area,

a plenum balancing chamber in communication with the bottom of the room, a vent therefor and a, throttling means for said vent.

3. A heating and ventilating system for a room comprising groups of incoming air delivery means for delivering spaced jets of warm and cool air through walls and top, thereof in streams normal to each other respectively, means for independently controlling groups of incoming air delivery means, means for supplying warm air and cool air to the respective delivery means at the same pressure, a balancing chamber near the bottom of the room and in communication therewith at a plurality of spaced points, an outlet for said balancing chamber and throttling means for controlling said outlet.

4. A heating and ventilating system for a room comprising groups of air inlet means in the ceiling and at least two opposite vertical walls, independently operable capacity control means associated with said groups, means for supplying air under pressure to said groups of air inlet means, comprising a heated air supply means and a cool air supply means, for the vertical wall and ceiling inlet means respectively, an outlet for the room near the bottom thereof and means for maintaining super-atmosphere pressure within the room comprising throttling means for said outlet.

5. A heating and ventilating system for a room comprising heated and normal temperature air supply means for delivering air at the same super-atmosphere pressure, duct means for conducting the normal temperature air to the top of the room, spaced groups of air inlet means in the top of the room, duct means for delivering heated air to sides of the room, spaced groups of heated air inlet means in said sides, independent throttling means for controlling the said groups of inlets, a balancing chamber beneath the room, spaced plural communication means between the room and balancing chamber and a damper controlled outlet means for the balancing chamber.

6. In a heating and ventilating system for a room, spaced groups of air inlet means therefor, comprising groups of warm air and cool air inlet means in Walls and ceiling of the room respectively, means for independently controlling the flow capacities of said groups of air inlet means, means for supplying warm and cool air under the same pressure to the respective groups, a bottom outlet means for said room, a balancing chamber interposed in said outlet means and a throttle for said outlet.

'7. A heating and ventilating system for a room comprising a double walled room, the ceiling and at least two opposite inner vertical walls being provided with perforations in spaced groups, independent damper means for varying the air flow capacity of said perforations, means for supplying cool and warm air to the ceiling and vertical inlets respectively at the same pressure, a balancing chamber near the bottom of the room that is in communication therewith at a plurality of spaced points, an outlet duct means for said balancing chamber and means for controlling the total amount of air admitted to the room comprising a throttle for said outlet duct.

CLYDE H. HILL.

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