US2359618A - Short-wave amplifier - Google Patents

Short-wave amplifier Download PDF

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Publication number
US2359618A
US2359618A US420794A US42079441A US2359618A US 2359618 A US2359618 A US 2359618A US 420794 A US420794 A US 420794A US 42079441 A US42079441 A US 42079441A US 2359618 A US2359618 A US 2359618A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
line
balanced
condenser
energy
antennae
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US420794A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Paul F Byrne
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
STC PLC
Federal Telephone and Radio Corp
Original Assignee
Standard Telephone and Cables PLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority to BE465289D priority Critical patent/BE465289A/xx
Priority claimed from US263367A external-priority patent/US2285851A/en
Priority to FR864103D priority patent/FR864103A/fr
Application filed by Standard Telephone and Cables PLC filed Critical Standard Telephone and Cables PLC
Priority to US420794A priority patent/US2359618A/en
Priority to US420796A priority patent/US2321456A/en
Priority to US420795A priority patent/US2365453A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2359618A publication Critical patent/US2359618A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L27/00—Modulated-carrier systems
    • H04L27/02—Amplitude-modulated carrier systems, e.g. using on-off keying; Single sideband or vestigial sideband modulation
    • H04L27/04—Modulator circuits; Transmitter circuits
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S1/00—Beacons or beacon systems transmitting signals having a characteristic or characteristics capable of being detected by non-directional receivers and defining directions, positions, or position lines fixed relatively to the beacon transmitters; Receivers co-operating therewith
    • G01S1/02—Beacons or beacon systems transmitting signals having a characteristic or characteristics capable of being detected by non-directional receivers and defining directions, positions, or position lines fixed relatively to the beacon transmitters; Receivers co-operating therewith using radio waves
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03C—MODULATION
    • H03C7/00—Modulating electromagnetic waves
    • H03C7/02—Modulating electromagnetic waves in transmission lines, waveguides, cavity resonators or radiation fields of antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
    • H03H7/00—Multiple-port networks comprising only passive electrical elements as network components
    • H03H7/42—Networks for transforming balanced signals into unbalanced signals and vice versa, e.g. baluns
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S411/00—Expanded, threaded, driven, headed, tool-deformed, or locked-threaded fastener
    • Y10S411/924—Coupled nut and bolt
    • Y10S411/929—Thread lock
    • Y10S411/935—Cam or cone grip

Definitions

  • My invention relates to high frequency transmission systems and more particularly to radio frequency transmission circuits-adapted to supply energy to two or more symmetrical loads from an unsymmetrical source of supply or from a single symmetrical two conductor line or loop.
  • This invention is a division of my copending application Serial No. 263,367, filed March 22, 1939, and entitled (Short-wave transmitters, issued on June 9, 1942, as Patent No. 2,285,851.
  • beacon systems it is often desired to transmit energy from an unsymmetrical source such as an oscillator or frequency multiplier grounded on one side, to two or more symmetrical loads, for example, radiating antennae.
  • This type of arrangement isparticularly useful for supplying energy to transmitting antennae which may be usedfor defining a beacon course, since under these circumstances it is desirable that the load be properly balanced in order that the system be efilcient and a suitable radiation pattern be secured.
  • beacon systems it is often desired to separately adjust the power fed to each of the radiating antennae, so that the course line may be properly defined and maintained.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates a preferred embodiment of a radio transmitter made in accordance with my invention
  • Fig. 2 illustrates a form of split stator condenser suitable for use in the modulation system of Fig. 1, and
  • Fig. 3 illustrates an alternative modulation system in accordance with my invention which may beused in place of that disclosed in Fig. 1.
  • I00 represents a source of radio frequency energy which may be, for example, an 0'scillator or a frequency multiplier.
  • source I00 at I02 is indicated a vacuum tube which may mp resent the last stage of the radio frequency circuit within I00.
  • the anode of tube I02 is connected to a positive voltage. supply as indicated. and is connectedthrough the primary of transformer I03 to ground for radio frequencies through the radio frequency condenser IOI.
  • Transformer I03 is designed for high frequencies and constitutes a single turn for the primary and secondary so that the coupling between the primary and secondary is made by means of a distributed inductance and capacity only.
  • Coupling transformer I03 is made adjustable so that the coupling between the windings may be varied.
  • the secondary of the transformer I03 isconnected to ground on one side and on the other side to a transmission line I04, through a variable power controlling condenser I05. It is evident that this arrangement forms an unsymmetrical line portion.
  • This unsymmetrical line is connected to a push-pull amplifier comprising vacuum tubes I08, I01. Since, in order for the vacuum tubes to operate properly in push-pull the 7 input thereto should be balanced, I provide a network to achieve this balance indicated generally at I00. At lower ratio frequencies balanced input may be obtained by merely grounding the center point of a transformer and connecting the outer ends through lines to the grid. However, at higher frequencies balance cannot be obta'ne'd so simply.
  • a balance may be obtained by connecting in series across the line a pairof impedances such as 0, III, and connecting these impedances to ground through a third impedance H2.
  • impedances H0 and III areinductances, whereas impedance III is a condenser.
  • a balance may be obtained in this way provided impedances H0, and III are properly related to impedance 6 ii. in value and are of a sign opposite to that of I it.
  • impedances lid and iii are made equal and impedance H2 is made equal to one-half the value of either of the impedances i it, or Iii.
  • inductances iId and iii are arranged so as to have very little, if any, mutual coupling between them.
  • IA blocking condenser lid is provided between inductance Ill and the junction points of Hill and M2, so that grid bias power may be supplied to the grid of tubes lot and 6 ill through the leads lid, lid independently of each other. This arrangement permits the use of separate grid meters to indicate the operation of the tubes.
  • the output circuit of the vacuum tubes 66S, Iill is connected to a high frequency variable transformer its, the primary of which is connected to a power supply through radio frequency choke H6. Tuning condensers till are provided to tune the output of push-pull amplifier.
  • the separate conductors Ila, IIII, are unbalanced with respect to ground so that each conductor may be considered as a further unsymmetrical line.
  • the midpoint of the secondery of transformer lid is grounded so that in effect each of lines H8 and I I9 may be considered as an independent unbalanced line with a ground return.
  • lines .I I8, H9 are provided variable condensers no, I2I which may serve to independently control the power output over the respective lines.
  • in line H8 is provided another high frequency network which serves to-produce a balanced output from the unsymmetrical line H8.
  • This network comprises inductance elements I22, I,
  • variable condenser unit I28 corresponding to condenser H2.
  • Condenser I26 is made, variable so that its impedance may be adjusted to balance precisely transmission line I28.
  • line H9 is branched to form a. balanced transmission line I29 through a network comprising inductance elements I23, and I25, and a variable capacity element I 21.
  • antenna I30 shown as a dipole antenna
  • line I29 is coupled another dipole antenna I3I. While I have shown antennae I30 and lil as dipoles, it should be distinctly understood that they may be of any desired form so .long as they are designed to form a balanced load. Furthermore, it is clear that instead of leading to antennae, transmission lines I28 and I29 may lead to any desired type of symmetrical load.
  • antennae I30 and I3I are arranged at a suitable angle with respect to each other to assaoie lation in such as to preserve the symmetry of the system.
  • I provide, for modulating the antennae, a filter, comprising resonant quarter wavelength frames I32 and I33 constituting sections of transmission line and loosely coupled to the transmission line. These frames are coupled to the transmission line inductively primarily through capacitive induction and may be precisely tuned by means of trimming condensers I34, i 35. When these frames are properly positioned with respect to the transmission line and accurately tuned, they will operate to substantially stop all of the energy from flowing along the transmission line.
  • Condensers H36 and I3! may be made with a different number oi.
  • stator plate so that the energy fiowing along transmission lines I28, i253 is interrupted at a different rat to impress a different modulation upon the energy radiated from antennae I30, I3I.
  • split-stator condenser suitable for use in the system of Figure l, is illustrated in Figure 2.
  • This condenser comprises fixed toothed stators 2!, 202, connected to the opposite side of a. balanced line 260, and a. single rotary plate element 203.
  • tuning of the condenser is varied periodically, depending upon the speed of the rotor 203 and the number of teeth on stator plates 2III,-202.
  • a chopping or keying of energy may be accomplished by means of this rotary condenser connected across a tuned frame such as I32.
  • the frequency of modulation may be varied by varying the number of teeth on the con-' denser or by driving the rotors of the condensers at different speeds.
  • the percentage or depth of modulation may be controlled by so choosing the 'thatthe balancing network need not be com-' posed of two induotances and a single capacity as shown, but maybe of any form of impedance so long as they satisfy the requirement specified above.
  • - tances III) and III of I08 equal capacities should be substituted therefor and an inductance. reac- It is thus clear that in place of induc-- Similarly, the impedance element in the network associated with the separate antennae circuit could be of different values if desired without altering the scope of my invention.
  • the system may constitute a receiving arrangement.
  • Antennae I30, i3! receive radio signals and transmit them over balanced lines to an unbalanced receiver.
  • I have il1ustrat d an alternative form of modulating system which may be substituted for that illustrated in Fig. 1.
  • the network comprises inductances 322, 324 and capacity 326, and inductances 323, 325, capacity 326, correspond to similar elements in Fig. 1.
  • Loads 330, 33I may be antennae corresponding to I30, H! or any other form of symmetrical load.
  • the IroduIatin-g system differs from that shown in Fig. 1.
  • 342 are illustrated two half-wave length short circuited frames connected at the proper point across balanced transmission lines 328, 329, respectively.
  • short circuiting switches 343, 344 At a point midway of the length of transmission line sections 34l, 342 are provided short circuiting switches 343, 344, which are driven by means of a motor 34!).
  • Adjustable short circuiting bars 345, 345 are provided on each of the sections 34!, 342.
  • This modulating system operates as follows:
  • modulations may be efiected in the energy of line 329 by short circuiting switch 344.
  • These switches may be pro- .vided with a plurality of segments so as to interrupt the flow at different rates in the two different lines so as to provide'diiierent modulations of the energy for the two loads. If it is desired to utilize less than modulation, short circuiting bars 345, 346 may be changed in position so as to alter the length of the section from that of a full half-wavelength.
  • Radio frequency system including an unbalanced energy source, two push-pull electronic tubes, means for feeding said tubes from said source in symmetry, including, connected between theinput grids of said tubes, two inductances connected adjacent to each grid and a blocking condenser connected between said inductances, so that the direct current potential of said two grids may be independent, 9. second condenser connected from one side of said first condenser to ground, unbalanced feed means extending from said source to ground and directly to one of said grids, and grid biasing means connected respectively to the two sides of said blocking condenser.
  • System according to claim 1 additionally including a variable condenser connected in series between said source and the grid fed directly therefrom, said variable condenser being of a value not influencing the balancing of said system, but acting as a variable power adjusting means.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Transmitters (AREA)
US420794A 1939-03-22 1941-11-28 Short-wave amplifier Expired - Lifetime US2359618A (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE465289D BE465289A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html) 1939-03-22
FR864103D FR864103A (fr) 1939-03-22 1940-03-15 Systèmes de transmission à fréquences élevées
US420794A US2359618A (en) 1939-03-22 1941-11-28 Short-wave amplifier
US420796A US2321456A (en) 1939-03-22 1941-11-28 Short-wave keying device
US420795A US2365453A (en) 1939-03-22 1941-11-28 Short wave transmission line balancing system

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US263367A US2285851A (en) 1939-03-22 1939-03-22 Short wave transmitter
US420794A US2359618A (en) 1939-03-22 1941-11-28 Short-wave amplifier
US420796A US2321456A (en) 1939-03-22 1941-11-28 Short-wave keying device

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US2359618A true US2359618A (en) 1944-10-03

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ID=27401590

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US420796A Expired - Lifetime US2321456A (en) 1939-03-22 1941-11-28 Short-wave keying device
US420794A Expired - Lifetime US2359618A (en) 1939-03-22 1941-11-28 Short-wave amplifier

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US420796A Expired - Lifetime US2321456A (en) 1939-03-22 1941-11-28 Short-wave keying device

Country Status (3)

Country Link
US (2) US2321456A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
BE (1) BE465289A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
FR (1) FR864103A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2454784A (en) * 1944-03-29 1948-11-30 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd High-frequency power supply to multiple loads
US2540817A (en) * 1947-01-30 1951-02-06 Philco Corp Band-pass coupling network
US2557969A (en) * 1948-12-29 1951-06-26 Frank C Isely Shielded ultra high frequency tuning apparatus

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2963703A (en) * 1956-10-01 1960-12-06 Carlyle J Sletten Method and means for antenna coupling
EP1472799A1 (en) * 2002-01-31 2004-11-03 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Transmitter and/or receiver module

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2454784A (en) * 1944-03-29 1948-11-30 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd High-frequency power supply to multiple loads
US2540817A (en) * 1947-01-30 1951-02-06 Philco Corp Band-pass coupling network
US2557969A (en) * 1948-12-29 1951-06-26 Frank C Isely Shielded ultra high frequency tuning apparatus

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR864103A (fr) 1941-04-19
BE465289A (GUID-C5D7CC26-194C-43D0-91A1-9AE8C70A9BFF.html)
US2321456A (en) 1943-06-08

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