US2355282A - Transmission system for statistical data - Google Patents

Transmission system for statistical data Download PDF

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Publication number
US2355282A
US2355282A US254411A US25441139A US2355282A US 2355282 A US2355282 A US 2355282A US 254411 A US254411 A US 254411A US 25441139 A US25441139 A US 25441139A US 2355282 A US2355282 A US 2355282A
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contacts
magnet
ill
circuit
tube
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Arthur H Dickinson
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International Business Machines Corp
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International Business Machines Corp
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F1/00—Details not covered by groups G06F3/00 - G06F13/00 and G06F21/00
    • G06F1/16—Constructional details or arrangements
    • G06F1/1613—Constructional details or arrangements for portable computers
    • G06F1/1615—Constructional details or arrangements for portable computers with several enclosures having relative motions, each enclosure supporting at least one I/O or computing function

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  • FIGJ. 1 A first figure.
  • This invention relates to transmission systems for statistical data and, more particularly, to systems of the type wherein data accumulating and recording unitsare provided at a secondary station to be operated in accordance with data transmitted from a primary station.
  • Still another object of the invention is to provide means to form a succession of impulses which by their phase differences represent difierent columns of statistical and control data, to transmit these impulses simultaneously, and to separate the same into component impulses to effect entry into, and operation of, accumulating and recording units of an accounting machine.
  • a further object- is the provision of means .whereby different phases are used to distinguish one column of data from another irrespective of the differential time at which they become chectivc.
  • a still iurther object is to provide means whereby a plurality of different phases representing columns of statistical data are employed to modulate a carrier wave for simultaneous transmission and, upon transmission, are separated from. the latter and further separated into distinct impulses for shooting control of an ac counting machine at a distant point.
  • Another object resides in the provision of automatic group control means which is responsive to a series of impulses of different phase relationships transmitted simultaneously to compare these impulses with control indicia appearing on record cards to effect control of both transmitting and receiving units in accordance with record groups.
  • An additional object is the provision of means whereby corresponding phase relationships are established for corresponding columns of record cards presented successively at a sensing station and the time at which like phase relationships are established on successive record cards is compared by automatic group control means to control accumulating, total taking, and resetting operations of'an accounting machine at a distant oint.
  • the general circuit pattern comprises a single circuit extending to an analyzing unit where the record card, by its passage therethrough and the data indications it bears, causes a number of parallel circuits to be completed to,
  • the automatic group control, accumulating, and recording units the parallel circuits thereupon combining over a single circuit for the return to the source of power supply.
  • a plurality of sources of energy are provided and are transmitted simultaneously under record control over a single medium, whereupon the original plurality of electrical characteristics are reestablished as distinct impulses for the control of accumulating and recording units.
  • the fact that a single carrier medium rather than parallel circuits is utilized becomesparticularly advantageous where the accumulating and recording units of an accounting machine are remotely located with respect to its card feeding and analyzing unit: It is to be remembered, nevertheless, that the present invention is equally applicable to an accounting machine of the usual compact structure.
  • Fig. i is an outside view 01 the record feeding and analyzing mechanism showing the card feed and reset clutching devices, which mechanism is located at the transmitting station.
  • Fig. 1a is a detail section on line ia-ia 'of Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 2 is a detail view of the controlling devices of the accumulator resetting mechanism at the receiving station.
  • Fig. 3 is a central section of the printing mechanism at the receiver.
  • Fig. 4 is a detail of an impulse emitting commutator associated With the printing mechanism.
  • Fig. 5 is a plan sectional view showing the main driving and operating mechanism for the printing unit.
  • Fig. 6 is" a view of one order of the accumulator.
  • Fig. '7 is a. representative diagram of the circuits associated with the transmitter.
  • Fig. 7a is a diagram of the circuits at the receiver.
  • Fig. 8 is a timing chart of the circuit closing devices utilized in the circuits at the transmitter.
  • Fig. 8a is a timing chart of the circuit closing devices employed in the receiver circuits.
  • Figs. 9, 9a, and 9b show the relationship of the wave shapes of the currents energizing the various units of the system.
  • Fig. 10 illustrates the relationship of the outof-phase impulse wave forms for one embodiment of the invention.
  • Card feeding mechanism The card feeding mechanism shown in Fig. 1 is identical with that shown and described in the aforementioned patent except that provision is made in the form of a clutching device for in terrupting the card feeding operations without stopping the main drive shaft.
  • the main drive shaft which is the shaft l3 in the patent, is normally held stationary in a certain angular position, known in the art as the D" position. Upon energization of a solenoid, it is released and clutched to a constantly running pulley member.
  • Similar arrangements are utilized in accordance with the present invention to start the main drive shafts of the independently located card feeding and manifesting mechanisms from corresponding D positions at the same instant, by clutching them simultaneously to two synchronized motor drives, in a manner to be explained.
  • the analyzing brushes are indicated at U3 and LB, and a stack of record cards R are successively advanced by picker 3 to pairs of feed rollers III which serve to advance the cards past the upper and lower brushes U3 and LB in succession.
  • the shafts upon which rollers II are mounted are provided with gears at their extremities, arranged as shown in Fig. 1 for operation by a main driving gear II which is freely mounted upon a shaft 3 and which has connection with an arm I! through a sleeve 1 (Fig. 1a).
  • Gear l3 has connection generally designated l2 with main drive shaft 3 which is in operation as long as it is clutched to the driving pulley, as described in the Lake and Daly Patent 1,976,617.
  • Energization of magnet l3 causes dog It to be tripped into engagement with disc l4, and the card feeding mechanism thereupon causes the records T to be advanced past the brushes U3 and LB. Card feeding operations continue as long as magnet l3 remains energized.
  • magnet I3 is deenergized and thus card feeding will not take place during such cycles.
  • Fig. 3 The printing mechanism is shown in Fig. 3 where type bars 23 are carried by cross-head 2
  • Springpressed arms 23 pivoted to the cross-head at 24 have their free ends butting the lower extremity of the type bars so that, as the cross-head moves upwardly, the type bars are urged in the same direction.
  • the reciprocating movement of the cross-head is controlled from shaft 19' corresponding to shaft I! of Fig. 1, the latter being continually driven from the main operating shaft 6 at the transmitter, whenever the main clutch is engaged, and the former being driven from a corresponding shaft (not shown) at the receiver which is kept in synchronism and constant phase relationship to shaft 6, in a manner to be described hereinafter.
  • Shaft l3' has secured thereto a clutch driving element 25 notched to cooperate with a clutching dog 26 carried by and pivoted to listing cam 21.
  • Clutch releasing arm 28 cooperates with dog 23 to hold the parts in the position shown when magnet 29 is deenergized. Energization of magnet 23 causes arm 28 to rock in a counterclockwise direction releasing dog 26 for engagement with element 25 whereupon the listing cam rotates with shaft l9 and, through follower arm 33, effects the rocking of shaft 3i.
  • arms 32 Secured to shaft 3
  • the type bars move upwardly, the type elements 33 successively pass the printing position opposite platen 34 and ratchet teeth 35 successively pass the toe of the stop pawl 36.
  • Energization of printing magnet 31 effects the tripping of latch 33, permitting stop pawl 36 to engage one of the ratchet teeth 35 and thus positioning the corresponding type element opposite the platen.
  • each type bar 23 Associated with each type bar 23 is a springpressed printing hammer 40 pivoted at 4
  • the hammer normally rests against an operating bail 42 also pivoted at 4
  • the lower extremity of one arm of member 43 is in latching cooperation with an arm 45 pivoted at 46 to the cross-head operating lever 32.
  • the pivot 43 is moved upwardly therewith and causes the tripping member 43 to be rocked clockwise against the action of spring 44.
  • the connection between the ball 42 and the member 43 is such that the ball is rocked counterclockwise away from the type elements 33.
  • a pin 41 carried by arm 45 brings about the release of the tripping member 43 so that the latter is rocked rapidly in a counterclockwise direction by the action of spring 44.
  • the hammer bail 42 is concurrently rocked in a clockwise direction against the hammers 40 causing the latter to strike the type elements 33 which are in a printing position to effect printing there-.
  • the adding mechanism is identical to that shown and described in patent referred to and the description thereof will accordingly be limited to a brief explanation of its manner of operation.
  • the accumulator drive shaft 53 (Fig. 6) is geared directly to the main drive shaft at the receiver (not shown) which corresponds to; and is kept in synchronism and constant phase relation with shaft at the transmitter (Pig; 1).
  • the annular relationship between the teeth on the main clutch ratchets and the armatures of the synchronous motors TM and TMr is initially established by timing marks on the respective elements.
  • the ratchets have a tooth for each possible angular position at which they may be pulled into synchronous speed.
  • Shaft 53 is thus kept in operation as long as the driving motor at, the receiver is clutched thereto and the driving ratio is such that this shaft makes one revolution for each record feeding cycle at the transmitter.
  • a clutch element 54 slidably mounted on shaft 53 but keyed for rotation therewith, is provided for each denominational order of the accumulator.
  • the element 54 is provided with a groove in which fits the short arm of a lever 55 pivoted as shown and having a block 56 normally held as in Fig.
  • magnet 58 may be energized at various points in the cycle of the machine, depending upon the location of a data indication in a column of the record card being analyzed by the lower brushes LB. Th s energization may occur in response to a digit indication in any of the index point positions from 9 to l inclusive. Should a digit indication be in the 9 index point position, clutch element 56 is tripped nine steps before finger 64 is operated to declutch it. Similarly, a digit indication in the "1 index net 58 also causes the closing of a pair of so-' called accumulator-list contacts 58a associated therewith to establish circuits to the print magnets on listing cycles which will be described later in connection with the circuit diagram.
  • gear 65- Since the ratioof gears 65 and H is 2:1, the former will turn through a half revolution for each revolution of the latter.
  • gear 65- Carried by and insulated from gear is a pair of electrically connected brushes I, one of which cooperates successively with the conducting segments 61 while the other coopcrates with an arcuate conducting strip 88.
  • the relationship of the parts is such that, when the index wheel 53 is in its zero position, one of the brushes 58 is in contact with the zero segment 61 and the other brush is in contact with the strip 88, thus forming an electrical connection between the two. If the wheel 63 is displaced to indicate, say, "8,” then one of the brushes 56 will be in contact with the "8 segment 61 and the other brush will be in contact with the arcuate strip 60.
  • the positioning of the brushes 66 provides a convenient electrical read-out mechanism for controlling total printing operation and the electrical circuits involved in these functions will be more fully explained with reference to the circuit diagram.
  • Accumulator resetting mechanism driven forwardly to the zero position during a single revolution of shaft 69.
  • shaft 69 carries a gear 19 at its extremity which is in engagement with gear H mounted upon reset shaft 72.
  • Goal- II of which there is one for each accumulator, is coupled to the resetting shaft 12 in the well known manner more fully explained in the patent above referred to.
  • gear 13 At the extremity of shaft 12 is a gear 13 (see also Fig. 5) which is adapted to be driven by an intermediate gear 14 which is secured to shaft l5 which corresponds to shaft 15 shown in Fig. 1.
  • Element 82' is integral with a gear 83' which meshes with a gear 34', secured upon the shaft H which is running constantly as long as the main drive shaft is clutched to the driving pulley.
  • drive olement 82 is in constant rotation and whenever it is desired to effect resetting of the accumulatois.
  • is energized to provide a connection between the element 82 and the resetting shaft 12. Resetting is usually an accompaniment of total taking and, by virtue of an intermittent gear connection, occurs during the latter part of a total taking cycle after the totals have been printed.
  • a reset clutch is provided as shown in Fig. 1 for operating the P cams which are mounted on shaft 15 and have circuit controlling contacts associated therewith.
  • This clutch mechanism is similar to that just described for the accumulators at the receiver and corresponding parts at the transmitter are given the s me reference characters without the primes.
  • the clutch is engaged during a total taking cycle
  • both reset clutches function in unison as will be better understood upon explanation of the wiring diagram. It should be mentioned that proper speed and phase relationship of shafts i5 and are maintained, since the drive shafts l9 and I! at the transmitter and receiver, respectively, are operated in exact speed and phase relationship.
  • the reset magnets II and II are energized at the same time in the cycle, under control of the related cam contacts, to cause driving engagement of the related clutch mechanisms 11 and 82, and I1 and 82', respectively, at the same time.
  • Circuit controlling devices In Fig. 4 is shown a so-called emitter which cooperates with the read-out devices of the accumulator for total printing operations.
  • Carried by a stud l5 coaxially with the shaft 15' is a pair of electrically connected brushes 86, one of which contacts with conducting segments 81 while the other wipes over a common arcuatc conducting strip 88.
  • the brushes 86 are carried by a gear 89 driven through an idler 90 from a gear 9
  • the emitter used for controlling total printing operations is timed so that a brush 8i successively contacts with each of the segments 81 as the corresponding type elements 33 of Fig. 3 approach printing position oppositev platen 34.
  • a plurality of cam-controlled contacts operable only during printing and reset cycles, are provided at the receiver, these contacts being prefixed with the letter T but bearing the subscript r to distinguish them from the P cams already referred to at the transmitter.
  • the Pr cams are mounted on a shaft 02 driven from shaft I5.
  • Similar cam controlled devices prefixed with the letter L" are carried by or may be driven from shaft is at the transmitter and shaft I! at the receiver and these are in constant operation as long as the driving pulleys are clutched to the main drive shafts. It will be noted in the timing chart (Figs.
  • circuit breakers I33 and m are provided at the transmitter and receiver respectively and are timed to make at the beginning of each index point in the machine cycle and break before the end thereof to control circuits to the accumulators and print magnets as will be explained later.
  • Contacts I50, ii! are operated by the conventional upper and lower card levers which, in turn, are actuated by cards passing the upper and lower sensing stations, respectively.
  • Card lever contacts serve the purpose of preventing initial operation of the feeding mechanism except upon depression of the start key I29 (Fig. 7). These contacts are instrumental in causing the feeding mechanism to stop at the end of a cycle upon a card feeding failure or when the machine runs out of cards.
  • relay contact points are shown in the circuits which they control and their relay magnets are repeated adjacent thereto. Furthermore, the contacts are designated with the same reference numeral as their controlling magnet, followed by a lower case letter.
  • Synchronizing meana-The driving motors at the transmitter and receiver may be operated in synchronism by any well known means, a preferred method being that illustrated in the U. 8. Patent #1,505,158, issued to De Loss K. Martin on August 19/1924. This method will now be explained briefly in connection with Figs. 7 and 7a and if more detailed description is desired, reference may be made to the above Martin patent.
  • the obvious purpose'of maintaining the driving mechanism at each station in synchronism is to assimilate most nearly the condition of an accounting machine having the usual compact structure in which the various units are driven from a common, constantly running drive shaft.
  • a pair of alternators 98 and 98 are provided to supply electrical power at two different frequencies.
  • the frequency set up by alternator becomes the carrier frequency of the system whereas the frequency established by alternator 96 is utilized purely as a synchronizing frequency.
  • switch SI Upon the closing of switch SI, a circuit is completed from ground Gi, alternator 9S, alternator 9i, switch Si now closed, either through filter 98 to ground G2 or via conductor 99 through transmitter Hill to ground GI.
  • Filter 98 is comprised of suitable circuit elements which may be inductance, capacitance, or resistance.
  • Filters are generally classed as high pass, low pass and band pass filters, filter 98 being of the low pass type and designed to permit the synchronizing frequency but not the carrier frequency to pass therethrough.
  • the synchronizing frequency which appears at the output of the filter is fed to the input of an amplifier 91, then upon closing of switch S2, the output circuit of amplifier 51 affords a power supply through switch S2, motor TM, to ground G4.
  • Motor TM is a synchronous motor and is thereby driven at synchronous speed in accordance with the controlling frequency of the alternator 98. It is noted that both the synchronizing frequency and the carrier frequency are impressed upon the transmitter and that the output of the transmitter is in turn impressed upon the aerial and transmitted therefrom as radiant energy in the well known manner.
  • Receiver II is shown diagrammatically in box form but is understood to include the fundamental sections which comprise the radio frequency amplifier, a detector or demodulator, and an amplifier for the output of the detector, and that such amplification is provided as will be necessary to supply a current of sufiicient strength to operate the various relays and magnets of the accumulators and print unit.
  • a current havin a given frequency is provided for synchronizing purposes. This current is amplified at the transmitter to drive the motor TM at a fixed speed. The same current is also utilized to modulate the transmitter from which it is sent to the receiver as radiant energy in the well known manner. The radiant.
  • the receiver the output of which includes a current having the synchronizing frequency.
  • the latter current is separated from the total output of the receiver and is amplified to drive the motor 'IMr at the same fixed speed as TM. It will be appreciated in this method of synchronizing that, although the power employed for driving th motors at the transmitter and receiver respectively is supplied locally, a current of predetermined frequency is utilized commonly at both transmitter and receiver for controlling the respective local source of power.
  • the feed mechanism is driven by motor I'M through shaft 6 and accumulators and print mechanism by motor TMr, through the corresponding shaft of the receiverinct shown) and the shafts 53; and i9, as previously explained. Since motors TM and TM? are driven at identical speed by cur rent of the same frequency, and since the main drive shafts are clutched to their driving pulleys at the same-instant and thus started from the a D" position simultaneously, as previously described, the shafts at the transmitter and. at the receiver are driven in a synchronous relationship closely approximating the condition normally attained by actual mechanical connection between these 'parts in the usual tabulating machine structure.
  • Phase transformers The source of energy which drives the motors TM and TMr in the manner just described is also sent to energize a phase transformer at the transmitter and receiver upon the closing of switches S4 and S5, respectively.
  • the internal connections of these transformers are not shown but may be of the type explained in detail in the U. 8. Patent 2,153,178, issued to Clyde J. Fitch and dated April 4, 1939.
  • the action of the phase transformers is to take single phase synchronous alternating currentand sub-divide the same into as many equally spaced phases as may be required by the system.
  • the turns ratio of the windings are such that the voltages delivered across the free ends of the secassesses r for automatic group control and group indication,
  • a sinusoidal wave form of the alternatin current is shown and is similar to the current wave forms developed by each of the plurality of secondary circuits previously explained.
  • These sinusoidal current waves may then be impressed upon any type of full wave rectifier to change the current wave shape to conform to that shown in Fig. 9a which is representative of the pulsating current wave forms.
  • the rectified current wave forms may then be applied as follows: First of all, it will be understood that if the voltage applied to the grid of a thermionic tube is made sufficiently negative with respect to the cathode, current flow in the input or plate circuit is suspended. When such suspension occurs, the cut-01f point of the tube is said to have been reached.
  • cut-oi! point of a thermionic tube and the value of the negative potential which must be applied to the grid thereof to cause it to attain this cut-oi! point are de pendent upon the operating characteristics of the particular tube employed.
  • the voltage rectified wave forms corresponding and similar to those of the current wave forms shown in 9a are impressed on the grid of the thermionic tube, for example, and the voltage is suilicient to drive the tube far below its plate-current cut-off point, the shape of the current waves in the plate circuit will be altered to conform. to the shapes shown in Fig. 9b.
  • the characteristics of the circuits may be selected and adjusted so that the length of the base of the short impulses shown in Fig.
  • 9b is approximately one-sixteenth of the distance between the impulses.
  • the particular wave shapes may yary according to the characteristics of the circuits ondary; circuits are equal.
  • sixteen such secondary circuits are provided and are designated PHI to IE. Eight of employed, and it is evident by the method just described or by conversions based upon the same being applied across a center tapped resistor I35 I in each of these tube circuitssc that the wave shape of the current flowing through this-resistor, or the voltage across'it, similar to that shown in Fig. 9.
  • a resistor III is connected between the cathode of the tube and the centertap of resistor IOI, the terminals of which are connected to the two rectifier plates of the] said tube Therefore, the wave shape of he: rectified current through resistor 182' and the" voltage "across this resistor is similar to that shown by the pulsating wave in Fig. 9a.
  • the grid of the tube may be also connected to the center tap of the resistor Ill, the grid being normally at zero bias due to the fact that no current is passing through resistor Ill. Then voltage across resistor Ill may be applied between the grid and cathode of the said tube.
  • the tube may be driven far below its plate current cut-off point to obtain a plate current having a wave shape similar to that shown in Fig. 9b.
  • This is impressed accordingly on the connected out-put circuit which includes the plug wire connection between Jacks I32 and Ill, lower brush LB, contact roll Ill, normally insulated from brush LB by a record card being fed therebetween, relay contacts LCLf which are closed when a card is at the lower brushes, circuit breakers Ill, now closed, transformer I31, conductor Ill, transformer Ill, to positive terminal Bl+.
  • the negative terminal B3- is connected directly to the cathode, and current flows through the triode plate circuit just described upon electrical connection between the brush LB and the contact roll I" through a digit indication in the corresponding column of the record card.
  • This current flow lasts for only a comparatively short time, however, because the bias on the grid is not a constant factor but varies in timed relationship with the frequency of the A. C. supply coming from the secondary of the phase transformer.
  • the said supply is impressed upon the full wave rectifier and therefore the rectified voltage impressed on resistor Ill immediately drives the grid bias negative with respect to the cathode to a sumcient value to prevent further flow of plate current in the triode output circuit.
  • the plate current is thus reduced to a substantially zero value, and remains so until the grid bias is reduced nearly to zero again, whereupon a pulse is impressed upon the output circuit of the triode. This pulse is utilized as a signal and is sent from the transmitter to the receiver to control one of the various functions of the machine to be described later.
  • sixteen separate phases spaced 11 electrical degrees apart are taken off of the secondary of the phase transformer and connected to sixteen electrical circuits embodying a tube of the type Just described so that the terminals of the separate resistors III are Joined with the terminals of the secondary windings of each phase, sixteen series of short impulses similar to those shown in Fig. may be generated. It will be noted that no two impulses overlap or occur at the same time, and therefore any number of phases may be transmitted over the single carrier medium simultaneously.
  • a plurality of receiving circuits are connected to the secondary of the phase transformer at the receiver.
  • This circuit includes a diode triode tube Ill and an ordinary triode tube Illa having adding magnet ll in the plate circuit thereof.
  • the operation of the diode triode tube Ill in rectifying and changing the wave form of the A. C. current supply from PHrII is the same as that already described for the tube circuits at the transmitter.
  • the grid of tube Illa is connected in the cathode circuit of tube Ill and is arranged to be normally biased to cut-off.
  • Positive potential of the same supply source denoted by terminal BIr+ is applied to the anode of tube Ill.
  • terminals Blr+ and Blr- Another source of potential is employed and is represented by terminals Blr+ and Blr-.
  • Terminal B2r+ is positive with respect to terminal B2rand the latter may be considered slightly positive with respect to a common wire Illa. It will be noted that terminal Blr+ is also positive to wire Illa, whereas BIris negative with respect to wire Illa.
  • tube Illa When a signal is received at the receiver, it is impressed on the high biased tube Ill and via conductor Ill, Illa to the circuits embodying the tube Ill. Condenser CI becomes charged to actuate the grid of tube Illa in such a manner that, assuming the phase relationship of the signal is the same as PHrII, tube Illa is caused to pass a virtually steady current through its plate circuit to energize adding magnet ll thereby eilecting addition in that particular order of the accumulator. It will be noted that tube Illa, normally inoperative, becomes operative only upon reception of a signal of the .phase corresponding to the phase PHrII. The signal phase and the tube circuit phase must agree in order that the tube Illa may be operated since the bias placed on the grid of tube Illa by each of these supply sources individually is insumcient to cause a flow of current through the windings of adding magnet ll.
  • the same arrangement of tube circuits is provided in connection with the control magnets III of the group control mechanism generally designated 60.
  • the tube circuits, including tubes III to Ill, are piuggable from lacks Ill to the phase connections PHI to l of the phase transformer.
  • the signal supply comes through transformer Ill and tube Ill to selectively operate the tubes Illa to Illa according to which of the phases PHI to l the signal phase corresponds.
  • Cam contact 'PI are provided to cooperate with contacts LI by overlapping the break in the later contacts during a reset cycle, to maintain the magnet I30 energized for two machine cycles.
  • the timing chart may be observed in Fig. 8. The manner in which one or more of these contacts in the holding circuit may be opened to interrupt th same will be explained hereinafter.
  • the relay magnet R30 energized by depression of the reset key, closes a second pair of contact points R301; to complete a circuit from line I05, cam contacts L2, contacts R30b, reset magnet 0I, to line I08.
  • energization of magnet II causes a cycle of operation oi the P cam contacts at the transmitter to control various circuits of the system.
  • Contacts P'I at the lower part of Fig. 7
  • relay magnet R49 Prior to the closing of cam contacts P1 to energize magnet B43 in the manner just described, however, relay magnet R49 is energized by a circuit from line I06, relay magnet R43, cam contacts LIO, relay contacts R43d, cam contacts P9, to line I05. Magnet R49, upon energization, closes contacts R49d to complete the output circuit of tube In for causing transmission of a control signal ofa characteristic phase (PHI) to the receiver, this output or plate circuit being traceable from negative terminal 133-, cathode and plate of tube 12?, relay contacts R49d now closed, via conductor I09 through the primary winding of transformer I35 to positive terminal 33+.
  • PHI characteristic phase
  • Pulses are thus set up in the secondary winding of transformer I35 by transformer action and are applied to the input of'fllter I 33 which is of such a construction as to pass pulses of the control signal to transmitter I0fi. At the transmitter these pulses are superimposed on the carrier wave and transmitted to receiver IOI (Fig. 70.). Corresponding pulses are set up in the output circuit of the receiver on conductor I02. Filter I45 permits pulses representing the control signal to pass through it and along conductor I4? to the primary winding of transformer I43.
  • the secondary winding of the transformer I46 is connected to the grid element of a highly biased tube I85 and, upon energization of the primary winding, transformer action occurs, which reducesthe bias on the grid of tube I85 sufllciently to cause this tube to pass current.
  • the output circuit of the tube includes negative terminal BIr-, cathode and anode elements of tube I05, conductors I88 and I86a, to and through resistance I83a, thereby creating a voltage drop which charges the condenser CIa in parallel therewith, then through cathode and plate of tube I 48 to terminal BIr+.
  • the resistance I83a and condenser CIa have connection with the grid element of tube Idila so as to reduce the bias on the grid and cause a flow of current through the plate circuit of this tube to energize magnet I5t.
  • a separate power source denoted by terminals B2r+ and B2r-, is provided for tube I4 0a and similar tubes in the same row '(Fig. 'la) and the arrangement is such that, when any of these tubes is conditioned to .pass current, its connected magnet is energized from this power source.
  • contacts I30b close upon energization of the main clutch I30, so that tube I25 supplies power at a characteristic phase PHI4 to the receiver over a circuit similar to that previously traced for a signal of phase PHIi except that the circuit from terminal BIr- (Fig. 7a) through conductors I86 and I86a now passes through circuits associated with tube I49 to bring about a change in the bias on the grid of tube mm for causing the latter tube to pass current to energize its related magnet I53 in the same manner as described for tube I400.
  • Relay contacts I53a close to energize the main clutch I30; Briefly, then, upon depression of the reset key both main clutches and both reset magnets are energized concurrently to cause the operation oi the P cams at the transmitter and the operation of the Pr cams and the reset of the accumulators at the receiver. Immediately following the reset cycle, the feeding of record cards may be initiated upon depression of the start key.
  • the energization of magnet I30 is again accompanied by the energization of the main clutch magnet I30 at the receiver by means of the previously described circuit energized from tube I26.
  • the main drive shafts of the transmitter and the receiver start and continue to run at identical speed and phase relation.
  • Relay magnet R32 is provided with a pair of contacts R32a which are adapted upon closure to complete a circuit to the card feed control relay magnet R39.
  • This circuit is traceable from line I05, relay magnet R39, contacts R32a now closed, stop key contacts I0'Ia (operable concurrently with the contacts I01), contacts R43c of the group control relay magnet R43 which are now closed, cam contacts P3, to line I05.
  • This circuit can only be completed when the group controlrelay magnet 43 is energized- Magnet R39 closes its contact points R30!) which are wired in series with card feed clutch. magnet I3 to-energize the latter so that records commence to feed.
  • Contacts R3911 also close to provide a holding circuit for magnet R39 through lower card lever relay contacts LCLb which close as the first record card reaches the lower brushes.
  • One of these contacts for example UCLe pointed out above as being in the holding circuit for the main clutch Ill, helps interrupt this circuit if cards fail to feed past the upper brushes.
  • Declutch III is always accompanied by deenergization of main clutch Ill at the receiver. because contacts Illb (Fig.
  • the prinlower card lever relay contacts Ill cause energixation of lower card lever relay ISL and the contact points LCLa cooperate with cam contacts Ll to provide a similar holding circuit.
  • Listing circuits The circuit for the listing magnet ll (Fig. 7a) is completed from line Ill, cam contacts Llr, cam contacts PIlr, TAB-LIST switch set to the list position, upper and center straps of relay contacts GI'c, listing magnet ll, to line Ill. Through this circuit magnet ll is energised during each cycle of operation of the machine and the printing mechanism will function accordingly.
  • circuits are provided for communicating the descriptive data analyzed by these brushes through accumulator list contacts lla to the printing magnets 31 at the receiver which control the stopping of the type bars as already explained in operation of the printing mechanism given hereinbcfore.
  • the list contacts lla are closed upon energization of the adding magnets as the latter receive impulses from the analyzing brushes LB at the transmitter.
  • the adding circuit will be explained later.
  • the closing of a pair of accumulator list contacts lla completes a circuit to a print magnet ll as follows: from line Ill.
  • circuits for adding into the accumulators are completed simultaneously with the listing circuits just described when all the list control switches are set for listing. when the switches are set to the other position, no listing occurs but adding into the accumulator takes place as data entries are read from each card passing the lower brushes LB.
  • a representative adding circuit is traceable from terminal Bl-, cathode and plate of tube I22, Jack Ill, plug wire to Jack Ill, brush LB through the hole in the card in the corresponding column, contact roll Ill, relay contacts LCL/ now closed, circuit breaker contacts Ill, primary winding of transformer Ill, conductor Ill, primary winding of transformer Ill to terminal 33+.
  • Prom transformer Ill over to transformer Ill at the ciple is the same as that shown in Patent #1376517 previously referred to.
  • a representative control circuit is from terminal Bl, cathode and anode of tube III, jack Ill, plug wire to jack Ill, lower brush LB. through hole in the card in the corresponding column, contact roll Ill, contacts LCLI now closed, circuit breaker contacts Ill also now closed, primary winding of transformer Ill. conductor Ill, primary winding of transformer Ill to Bl+.
  • the negative bias on the grid element of tube Ill is lowered to a sufllcient extent to cause this tube to pass current.
  • the output circuit of this tube is traceable from terminal BI-, cathode and anode of tube Ill, through the circuits connected with tube Ill which are similar to those previously described at the receiver, through the cathode and anode of this tube, tov terminal BI+.
  • Operation of tube Ill causes Illa to be conditioned for passing current from terminal 32-, through cathode and anode of tube Illa, magnet III connected thereto, jack Ill, plug wire to jack Ill, upper brush UB in the corresponding column, hole in the card, contact roll Ill, contacts LII and LI! now closed to terminal 32+.
  • the circuit just traced depends upon the fact that the hole in the record card at the upper and lower brushes is the same in the particular column onwhich the control is operating. Energization of the particular magnet ill by the circuitiust traced causes the closing of its I'Ila contact points which are in series with one of the control magnets I12 and provide a circuit to energize the latter from line Ill, magnet IIl, contacts Illa, common conductor I'll to line Ill. Contacts I'lla close when magnet IIl becomes energized to provide a holding circuit through cam contacts Lll, and contacts Illb also close to complete a circuit for maintaining the group control relay magnet Rll energized. The latter circuit is traceable from line Ill.
  • relay magnet 200 causes its contact points 200a to close, thereby to complete a circuit to the receiver from terminal 38-, cathode and anode of tube I20, cam contacts L24 now closed, contacts 200a, conductor I09, primary winding of transformer I35 to terminal 33+.
  • the transmission circuit from transformer I35 to transformer I46 at the receiver (Fig. 7a) is as previously described herein.
  • a circuit is completed from BIr--, cathode and anode of tube I86, conductors I86 and IBM, through the circuits connected with tube I 30, cathode and anode of this tube to terminal BIr+.
  • Contacts I9Io-.-d and I92a-d connect the readout mechanism of the accumulators with the print magnets 3I, the latter becoming energized at differentiai times under the control of the total printemitter as its brushes 86 sweep the segments 81, in a manner already described, to stop the type bars in accordance with the totals standingin the accumulators and thus effect printing of these totals.
  • Group indication cycle the first tabulating cycle after a reset, if certain machine switches are properly thrown, a group indication is effected in the following manner: the GI magnet (Fig. 'l) is energized by a circuit from line I06, relay magnet GI, contacts 20"), contacts L25, switch III in the position shown for group indication, lower card lever contacts I52, to line I05.
  • Relay magnet G1 is held energized through its contacts (31a and cam contacts LI. Shortly after the energization of magnet GI, cam contacts L26 make .(see timing chart Fig. 8) to complete a circuit for energizing the control magnet 20I.
  • Magnet GI when energized, causes contacts GIb to close and a circuit is completed when contacts L21 close from terminal 33-, cathode and anode of tube I25, contacts L21, contacts GIb, conductor I09, primary winding of transformer I85, to terminal 33+.
  • the transmission circuit is the same as previously traced down to and been already traced in detail and the operations through the primary winding of transformer I 46 (Fig. 7a).
  • a circuit is then completed from terminal BIr-, conductors I86, I86a through the circuits embodying tube I39, cathode and anode of tube I39, to BIr+. Tube I39a is then conditioned to pass current to energize magnet I52 in the same manner as already described for similar tubes and magnets.
  • Contacts GI'c close to provide a holding circuit for magnet GI through cam contacts LIr.
  • Contacts GI'h also close and a circuit is completed, as was traced previously for the magnet I52 as far as conductor I86a, then through the circuits embodying tube I59, cathode and anode of this tube to terminal Bir+. Operation of tube I 59 influences tube I59a in the now understood manner'to bring about the energization of print magnet 37 connected thereto.
  • Energization of print magnet 31 effects the usual group indication, this circuit being completed only on the first card cycle after a reset because of the fact that magnet GI at the transmitter is deenergized when U breaks and contacts GIb open to break the plate circuit of tube I25. It is understood that the list clutch magnet 29 is energized for this cycle to set the printing mechanism in operation to print the group indication just referred to.
  • the specific circuit is traceable from line I, list clutch magnet 28, center and lower strap of contacts GIc now closed, cam contacts PIUr, cam contacts L2r, to line Hi6.
  • Certain of these signals are effective to control the routine operations of an accounting machine at the receiving station. Others are initiated as the analysing brushes contact digit indications in the data columns of the record card, the relative displacement of each of the latter signals being representative of the data column from which it originates. Where more than one column of the record card contains statistical data with like digit values, then a characteristiccolumnar signal for each is set up simultaneously, for all practical purposes. Btrictb speaking the two signals are displaced from each other according to predetermined phase relationships assigned to them and do not interfere with each other.
  • Eachsignal passedtothetransmitter hasboth primary and secondary differentiating characteristics, the former being a constant phase timingwhichisusedtosegregatethesignalinthe correct channel of the receiving station; the latter being a variable distinguishing characteristic. preferably a differential timing, which is translated by, suitable manifesting means into apartoularcharaoter.
  • Thesignalsformacom-' bined wave on a common carrier medium, and this wave is transmitted to the receiver where similar tube circuits and a phase transformer are-provided to cause the incoming signals to select their various orders in the accumulatins and printing mechanisms, or functional control devices in accordance with the phase of said signals.
  • electrical transmitting means and receiving means interconnected by a single medium of transmission, alternating current means for generating a number of signals constantly differentiatedbyphasedisplacementtoidentifyeach with a particular one of said positions.
  • control means adapted to impart to the individthe' invenual signals secondary distinguishing charac- I.
  • phase displacement and secondary distinguishing characteristics of the signals passed by said control means means operatively connected to said receiving means for segregating the signals received thereby, according to their phases, and manifesting means comprising a plurality of units operatively associated with said segregating means so as to be individually controlled by the respective segregated signals, the units of said manifesting means being diiferentially responsive to the signals in dependence upon the secondary distinguishing characteristics, to manifest the characters in their proper relative positions.
  • electrical transmitting means and receiving means interconnected by a single medium of transmission, alternating current means for generating a number of signals constantly differentiated by phase displacement to identify each with a particular one of said positions, control means adapted to pass the signals individually to said transmitting means at differential times representative of the significations of the characters in the positions to which-they respectively appertain, said transmitting means being responsive to said signals to transmit to said receiving means signals reproducing the phases and differential timing of the signals passed by said control means, means operatively connected to said receiving means for segre ting the signals received thereby, according to their phases, and manifesting means comprising a plurality of units operatively associated with said segregating means'so as to be individually controlled by the respective segregated signals, the units of said manifesting means being differentially responsive to the signals in dependence upon the differential timing thereof, to manifest the characters in their proper relative positions.
  • indicia appear in a plurality of columns and identify characters individually by their locations in particular index point positions in the columns
  • analysing means comprising sensing devices assigned to the respective columns to analyse the columnssimultaneouslyastherecordsheetis fed, alternating current means for generating a plurality of signals constantly differentiated b phase displacement and conducting said signals to the respective sensing devices of said analyzm t ll ing means, transmitting means and receiving means interconnected by a single medium of umm transmissionmeanstoconveysignalspassing t 1 mm through said analysing means as indicia are sensed, to said transmitting means for trans- I mission to said receiving means, the signals being differentially timed in accordance with the index point positions of the indicia, means operatively connected to said receiving means for wgregating the signals received thereby, accord- 0 ing to their phase displacement, and manifesting means comprising
  • manifesting means comprising a plurality of manifesting elements representing different orders of the data, to be manifested
  • driving means for said manifesting means operating in synchronism with said record sheet feeding means and having means for imparting differential movements to said manifestingelements
  • control means operatively associated with the respective channels of said segregating means, adapted to determine the extents of the differential movements of the different manifesting elements, in dependence upon the differential times of the respective signal waves to determine the characters to be manifested.
  • transmitting means and receiving means interconnected by a single medium of transmission, a plurality of parallel chan-- nels, one for each order of the data, alternating current means for generating and delivering to the respective channels a number of signal waves differentiated from each other by phase displacement, said parallel channels being joined by a common channel to said transmitting means, means controlling said parallel channels individually to release therethrough signal waves of the respective phases, individually differentially timed to represent the significations of the characters in the respective orders of the data, whereby discrete or complex waves are set up in said common channel for transmission by said transmitting means; receiving means for segregating the signal waves in different channels, according to their phases, and multi-order manifesting means comprising individual control means for its different orders operatively associated with the respective channels of said segregating means, said control means being adapted to respond to said signal waves differentially in each order in dependence upon the differential timing of the signal wave.
  • said record sheet feed means are adapted for cyclical operation to feed a record card during each cycle, means normally adapted to stop said feed means at the end of each cycle, means for restraining said stopping means for operation, a control circuit including control means for said restraining means, means normally conditioning said control circuit by impulses in phase with the signal transmitted by one of said sensing devices, means whereby a signal from said last mentioned sensing device can be impressed upon said control circuit to combine with the normal conditioning impulses thereof to energize said control circuit, and means comprising a second analyzing means adapted synchronously to sense another card than the one sensed by said first analyzing means, to interrupt the energization of said control circuit upon a disagreement of indicia on the two cards ARTHUR H. DICKINSON.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mathematical Physics (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Inking, Control Or Cleaning Of Printing Machines (AREA)
  • Near-Field Transmission Systems (AREA)
  • Electric Vacuum Cleaner (AREA)
  • Control Of Direct Current Motors (AREA)
US254411A 1939-02-03 1939-02-03 Transmission system for statistical data Expired - Lifetime US2355282A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

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NL66001D NL66001C (xx) 1939-02-03
US254411A US2355282A (en) 1939-02-03 1939-02-03 Transmission system for statistical data
GB2219/40A GB538603A (en) 1939-02-03 1940-02-05 Improvements in or relating to electric systems for the transmission of statistical data

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2738874A (en) * 1949-01-31 1956-03-20 Ibm Record controlled machine
US2824694A (en) * 1950-09-06 1958-02-25 Boni Alessandro Analytic calculating machine

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2738874A (en) * 1949-01-31 1956-03-20 Ibm Record controlled machine
US2824694A (en) * 1950-09-06 1958-02-25 Boni Alessandro Analytic calculating machine

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NL66001C (xx)

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