US2353724A - Germicidal soap - Google Patents

Description

Patented July is, 1944 oanmomar. soar William S. Gump, Nntley, N. 1., assignor to Burton '1. Bush, Inc., New York, N. Y., a corporation of New Je sey No Drawing. Application January 24, 1941, Serial No. 375,801

2 Claims.

This invention relates to soaps and has particular reference to soaps which possess germicidal properties.

An object of this invention is to provide a germicidal soap by incorporating certain substances, hereinafter mentioned, into washing, toilet or so-called liquid soaps.

A further object of this invention is the provision of new compositions of matter.

Other objects wi11 be apparent to persons skilled in the art from a reading of the following description.

According to the present invention, washing soaps, toilet soaps and liquid soaps may be rendered germicidal by incorporating therein a 2,2'- dihydroxy halogenated diphenyl.

The 2,2'-dihydroxy halogenated diphenyls of this invention may be represented according to their chemical structure as follows:

Where R is halogen and n is an integer from 1 to 4 inclusive.

As examples of specific members of the foregoing class of compounds in the chlorine series Compounds having other halogen substituents. e. g. bromine, iodine and fluorine are encompassed by this invention. Also falling under the .class of compounds disclosed herein are those which have more than one halogen substituent,

such as, for example, chlorine and bromine, in one or both nuclei.

The 2,2'-dihydroxy halogenated diphenyls are white, crystalline solids. The melting points and solubility characteristics of certain of these compounds follow:

For purposes of this application, the 2,2'-di-.

hydroxy halogenated diphenyls are termed germicidal agents, and are hereinafter sometimes referred to as such, and sometimes referred'to merely as agents.

Relatively small amounts of the germicidal agents of the invention are sufficient to render soap germicidal. Amounts as low as of 1% of the germicidal agent, based on the weight of the soap content of the final soap product, have proved satisfactory in some cases. However, I prefer to use amounts of the order of 1 to 3% on the same basis. The upper limit of the amount of agent which may be used is determined by practical considerations. As a general rule, increasing the concentration of agent in the soap increases the germicidal activity of the resulting soap. However, the cost of the agent relative to the cost of the soap itself mitigates against the use of too large an amount of the agent in soap. Moreover, large amounts of the agent in soap'are to be avoided if it is desired to obtain a resulting soap product with satisfactory detergent properties. Soaps containing as much as 10% of the agents of this invention were found to be satisfactory in this regard.

The invention may be practiced by adding the agents to the soap in any suitable manner during the crutching or milling or similar operation. Care should be taken to obtain a uniform distribution of the agents throughout the soap. -They may be dissolved in a small amount of a suitable solvent, for example, acetone or alcohol. If desired, however, the agents may be added directly to the soap without dissolving them previously. In the case of frame" soaps, I prefer to add the agents to the soap during the crutching operation. With milled soaps, I prefer to make the addition during the milling operation. In the case liquid soaps, I prefer to effect. the addition while the agent is in solution. In general. any method which results in the agent being uniformly incorporated into the final soap product is satisfactory.

The method employed to test the germicidal properties of the soaps of this invention is a modification of the U. S. Food and Drug Administration method (Circular 198, December, 1931). A standard 24 hour broth culture of Staphylococcus aureus, contact time of minutes, and temperature of 37 C. were used in the tests. Instead of transferring the ioopful of material containing the test sample and culture to the broth at the end of the contact time as in the official F. D. A. test method, the loopful was transferred to a tube of liquid agar, maintained at approximately 42 C. The contents were thoroughly mixed and then poured into a petri dish and allowed to solidfy at room temperature, followed by an incubation period of 40-48 hours at 37 C.

The number of colonies present after this treatment were counted. It is this "plate count" which the numbers given in the accompanying table represent. The number zero (0) represents absence of colonies and hence indicates that the sample tested destroyed all of the bacteria. In other words, germicidal power is inversely related to the number given as the "plate count."

In order to check the organism, Staphylococcus aureus, for proper resistance, a plate count" was run on phenol of dilution of 1:80 and 1:90 and only those cultures having proper resistance were employed in the test.

The following table gives data obtained by testing a neutral milled soap alone and by testing the same soap containing 2% of certain of the germicidal agents. The data given in the table are intended as illustrative of specific embodiments of the invention and are not to be considered as limiting the scope of the invention.

I A refers to the neutral soap lus the added agent, except in the case oi the soap blank where A re ers to the soap:l i. I 8 A/Lii means that 1 part by weight of mater A was diluted with 1.5 arts of water. Similarly, Ali refers to a mixture of 1 part of A an 4 parts of water, etc. The figures under the designations $41.5, etckreetr tietihe plate counts" obtained at the dilution indicat The term soap as used herein is employed in its popular or ordinary meaning. The term refers to cleansing agents, made usually by the action of alkali on fat or fatty acids and consisting essentially of sodium or potassium salts of fatty acids.

The term germicidal soap for the purposes of this patent applicationrefers to those soaps which are eifective against Staphylococcus aureus of standard resistance. For example, if a soap-is not effective against Staphylococcus awreus, it is not considered to be germicidal, whether or not it is eflective against other types of bacteria. On the other hand, if a soap is effective against Staphylococcus aureus, the soap is considered to be germicidal, whether or not it is effective against any other types of bacteria.

The foregoing illustrates the practice of my invention which, however, is not to be limited thereby but is to be construed as broadly as permissible' in view of the prior art and limited solely by the appended claims.

I claim as my invention:

. 1. A germicidal soap consisting of a detergent 0 soap and 2,2"-dihydroxy3,5-3',5'-tetrachloro diphenyl.

2. A germicidal soap comprising a detergent soap and from 1% to 3% by weight of 2,2'-dihyso droxy-3,5-3',5'-tetrachloro diphenyl.

WILLIAM S. GUIVIP.