US2353008A

US2353008A - Applying metal bands to articles of manufacture

Info

Publication number: US2353008A
Application number: US373478A
Authority: US
Inventors: Herman A Bondeson
Original assignee: STANDARD MACHINERY Co
Current assignee: STANDARD MACHINERY Co
Priority date: 1941-01-07
Filing date: 1941-01-07
Publication date: 1944-07-04
Anticipated expiration: 1961-07-04

Description

July 4, 1944- H. A. BoNDEsoN f 2,353,008

APPLYING METAL BANDS TO ARTICLES 0F MANUFACTURE Filed Jan. 7, 1941 3 ySheets-Sheet', 1

Minna- July 4, 1944. H. A. BoNDEsoN APPLYING METAL BANDS TO ARTICLES OF MANUFACTURE Filed Jan. '7, 1941 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 www www a l l .h

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July 4, 1944. H A, BONDESON y2,353,008

APPLYING METAL BANDS TO ARTICLES OF MANUFACTURE Filed Jan. 7, 1941 s sheets-sheet -3 Patented July 4, 1944 APPLYING METAL BANDS TO ARTICLES F MANUFACTURE Herman A. Bondeson, Providence, It. I., assignor to Standard Machinery Company, Cranston, It. I., a corporation of Rhode Island Application January 7, 1941, Serial No. 373,478

(Cl. Z8-15) 3 Claims.

The present invention relates to a method of and apparatus for attaching rings or bands to articles of manufacture.

Although the method and apparatus of the present invention are of general application they are particularly adapted for attaching rotating bands to projectile shells. The projectile shells used with larger caliber guns, such as one inch to eighteen inches, have rotating rings or bands of relatively soft material encircling their peripheries. When the shell is propelled through the gun the rifling lands in the bore cut into the rotating band on the shell and due to the helical form of the lands cause the shell to rotate during its forward movement through the gun. Heretofore, the rotating band has usually been crimped on the projectile shell but such a crimped band is apt to be loosely attached to the shell, preventing its proper rotation, and is liable to become disconnected from the shell due to centrifugal force after the shell leaves the gun-barrel. Moreover, such a crimped rotating band does not have a uniform outside diameter. y

One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a method of and apparatus for attaching a band or the like to an article of manufacture, such as a projectile shell, by swaging the band around its entire periphery to compress it to a smaller diameter to grip the periphery of the shell or other article.

Another object of the invention is to provide a method of and apparatus for attaching a band to an article of manufacture by compressing and deforming the material of the band to cause it to interlock with serrations on the article and conform to a uniform diameter at its periphery throughout its length.

Another object of the invention is to provide an apparatus of the type indicated which will facilitate the attaching of bands to articles of manufacture and one which is adapted to be operated by unskilled workmen.

Another object of the invention is to provide an apparatus of the type indicated adapted to support the article with the band properly positioned thereon while feeding it into a rotary swaging head.

Another object of the invention is to provide an apparatus of the type indicated having a mandrel for supporting the article and a relatively movable sleeve for initially positioning the band on the article and ejecting the article from the mandrel after the band has been attached thereto.

Still another object of the invention is to provide an apparatus of the type indicated which is of simple and compact construction to render it economical to manufacture and one which is adapted for use over long periods of time without requiring repair or replacement of its parts.

Further objects of the invention are set forth in the following specification which describes a preferred embodiment of the invention, by Way of example, as illustrated by the accompanying drawings. In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a side elevational view partly in sec- Vtion of an apparatus incorporating the novel features of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a transverse sectional view taken on line 2--2 of Fig. 1 showing the means for actuating the hammers of the rotary swaging head;

Fig. 3 is an enlarged longitudinal sectional view of-a part of the apparatus showing the initial Adeformation of a rotating band by the rotary swaging head and the engagement of the positioning sleeve with a fixed stop or abutment;

Fig. 4 is a View similar to Fig. 3 showing the rotating band completely deformed by the rotary swaging head and illustrating the flow of the material of the band beyond the rearward end of the recess in a shell;

Fig. 5 is a view similar to Fig. 4 showing the shell retracted and the end of the positioning sleeve in engagement with the end of the rotating band to cause the shell to be ejected from its mandrel;

Fig. 6 is a. side view of the finished shell shown partly in section; and

Fig. 7 is a side view of the shell with the rotating band illustrated in section to show the serrations at the bottom of the recess and indicating the manner of initially applying the rotating band to the shell.

In accordance with the method of the present invention the article of manufacture, herein illustrated as a projectile shell 2, is provided with a peripheral groove or recess 3 as illustrated in Fig. 7. Preferably, the bottom of the recess 3 is knurled or serrated as indicated by the reference character 4 in Figs, 6 and 7 to provide an irregular surface. The band 5 to be attached to the shell 2 is composed of relatively soft material, such as copper or a suitable alloy, and has an inside dia'meter of such dimension as to adapt it to slide over the periphery of the shell. The forward end of the rotating band 5. is alined with the forward end of the recess 3 in the shell 2 and swaged around itsentire periphery to deform and compress the rotating band to seat its forward end in the recessin the rotary swaging head II.

and V(i6. 'head II is a door 31 having a reentrant orifice "erse the feed memberr'li-Z.

shell, see Fig. 3. rlhe swaging action is then advanced axially to cause the entire band to be deformed and compressed. Due to the relatively soft material of the rotating band and its deformation, due to the swaging, the material ows into the interstices between the serrations 4 to cause it to tightly grip the shell. Preferably, a surplus amount of material is provided in the rotating band 5 whereby the deformation of the band due to the swaging operation causes the material to entirely fill the recess 3 and to flow a short distance beyond the rearward end of the recess and form a flange or nn see Fig. 5. Aft'- er the rotating band 5 has been swaged to the shell the flange or n 6 is preferably trimmed oi to aline the rearward edge of the band with the rearward edge of the recess 3 in the shell 2. The rotating band so attached then projects outwardly beyond the periphery of the shell and 4has its outer surface of uniform diameter throughout its length. It will be understood that the band 5 may have other forms, such as a ferrule, oil ring, bushing or the like and may be attached to other articles of manufacture either in a recess or on the periphery thereof.

Referring to the present drawings, a novel form of machine or apparatus is illustrated therein for carrying out the steps of the above described method. The frame i of the machine supports a rotary swaging head II and projecting laterally therefrom is a bracket or arm i2 for supporting a feeding mechanism I3 for advancing the shell and rotating band into the The rotary swaging head II comprises a drive` shaft I4 having an Aenlarged end-portion l5 with a radial slot IB eX- tending across its axis, see Eigs. 1 and 2. Slidvably mounted in suitable bearing-guides at the sides of the slot Iii is a pair of opposed hammers I'I and Iii having their outer ends I9 and of arcuate contour. Between the hammers l? and i8 is a pair of dies 2I and 22 having

semi-cylindrical recesses

23 and 24 which Anare outwardly toward the forward face of the dies with a gradual taper as indicated at 25 and 26 in Fig. 1. Surrounding the lenlarged end-portion I5 of the drive shaft I4 is a relatively stationary cage supporting rollers 3i held in pockets in circumferentlially spaced relationship. As the drive shaft I4 is rotated at a relatively high speed the hammers I1, I8 successively move 'radially outwardly between the rollers 3l due to centrifugal force and then vare forced radially vinwardly due to the 'engagement of ltheir arcuate ends I9 and 25 with the rollers 3| whereby a rapid succession of blows is transmitted to the dies 2| and 22. Abutting the ends of the rollers 3l are retaining rings 32 and 33 and rsurrounding the cage 3@ is a head ring 34. Adjacent the retaining rings $52 and 33 are thrust rings 35 At the front of the rotary swaging 33 for guiding the work into the flared opening 'at thefront of the dies 2l and 22.

The feeding mechanism I3 comprises a ram or feed member d2 sllidably mounted in the lonfgitudinallyextending bore of a bearing 4I) mounted on the arm VI2 which projects from the frame It. The feed member 52 has rack-teeth 43 formed on its under side which mesh with a pinion gear 44 mounted on a shaft 45 extending transversely of and journaled in the bearing 40.

vAt the outer end of the shaft 45 is a capstan- Vwheel 46 for turning the pinion gear 44 to trav- Extending through a central bore in the feed member d2 is a mandrel-supporting plunger 4l rotatably mounted in suitable bushings 48, see Figs. 1 and 3. Supported on a rod 53 extending rearwardly from the bearing (it is brake-band 54 engaging a dish 55 for restraining the mandrel-supporting plunger l? against rotation relatively of the feed member 42 while permitting a limited oscillation of the plunger. The mandrel-supporting plunger 41 is prevented from longitudinal movement with respect to the feed member 42 by means of collars 49 and 5B on the plunger which abut the ends of the member. The forward end of the feed member 42 is slightly enlarged to provide an annular shoulder 5E.

A mandrel 51 is mounted on the forward end of the plunger 4l and has a contour corresponding to the contour of the powder-chamber 58 of the shell 2 to adapt it to fit closely therein. It will be understood that the mandrel 51 may have other forms to adapt it to support other articles besides the shell 2 illustrated in the drawings. Preferably, the mandrel-supporting plunger l1 and mandrel 5'! have alined longitudinally extending bores 59 and GEI to permit a small rod or the like to be inserted therethrough to drive a shell 2 off from the mandrel when necessary.

Surrounding the forward end of the mandrelsupporting plunger di is a positioning sleeve ed having a stepped bore 65 of considerably larger diameter than the diameter of the plunger il? to provide an annular opening therebetween. The rearward endof the sleeve Irl closely nts around the enlarged forward end of the feed member d2 and has an annular ring 56 fastened thereto by means of screws 61 for engagement with the anmular shoulder 55 on the member. At its forward end the sleeve Gil has a bore 68 of such dimension as to closely nt the mandrel-supporting plunger 47. Thus the sleeve @d is slidably mounted on the feed member 42 and the mandrel-supporting plunger li? and has a support at either end. Detachably mounted on the forward end of the sleeve G4 by means of a screw-thread- 7 ed connection at E3 is a tip-member 69 having a central bore 7S of such dimension as to adapt it to receive the shell 2 between it and the mandrel 51. The forward end of the tip member 69 is adapted to extend to the rearward end of the recess 3 in a shell 2 when `the latter is properly positioned on the mandrel 51 whereof to engage the rotating band 5 and position its forward end in alinement with the forward end of the recess. It will be understood that interchangeable tip members E9 may be provided for use with different types of work, or with shells of different forms or caliber having the recess 3 at a different location, A lock-washer 'il is provided between the end of the sleeve and a shoulder on the tip member 69 to retain the latter in position thereon.

The sleeve 64 is normally held in its forward position, illustrated in Fig. 3, by means of a helical spring I2 acting between the forward end of the feed member 42 and the annular shoulder 'I3 at the end of the stepped bore G5 in the sleeve. Thus the sleeve B4 is adapted to advance with the feed member 42 and mandrel-supporting plunger il? but is movable with respect thereto against the action of 'the spring Adjustable on a screw-threaded Yportion M of the sleeve 54 is a nut 'I5 which may be locked in any desired position of adjustment by-a lock-nut 15. A stationary abutment'l'l fixed to the cover 3l, see Fig. 1, is positioned in thepath of 4movement of the nut when the mandrel 51 hasbeen'advanced to the position illustrated in Fig. 3, whereby the tipmember 69 of the sleeve 64 is prevented from further movement into the rotary swaging head. One embodiment of the invention having now been described in detail Athe mode of operation of the'apparatus is explained as follows: With the parts of the apparatus in their relative positions illustrated in Fig. 1 a shell 2 with a rotating band 5 loose thereon is mounted on the mandrel 51 by sliding it Yrearwardly from the position illustrated in dash lines in Fig. 1 to that illustrated in Fig. 3. When the shell 2 is properly mounted on the mandrel 51 the rearward end of the rotating band 5 will be engaged by the forward end of the tip 69 mounted on the sleeve E4 to position the forward end of the rotating band in alinement with the forward end of the recess 3 in the shell. Y

The capstan-wheel 46 is then turned in counterclockwise direction as viewed in Fig. 1 whereby the pinion gear 44 and rack-teeth 43 on the feed member 42 will cause the latter to advance axially through the bearing 4l) toward the rotary swaging head l l. Advancement of the feed member 42 simultaneously advances the mandrel-supporting plunger 41 and the mandrel 51 carried thereby due to the engagement of the end of the feed member 42 with the collar 49 on the plunger. 5 thereon will be advanced with the mandrel 5l to cause them to enter the

flaring mouth

25, 26 of the dies 2| and 22 as shown in Fig. 3. As the shell 2 and rotating band 5 are advanced between the dies 2|, 22 the latter are being rotated at a relatively high speed by the drive shaft I4 and the engagement of the arcuate ends of the hammers l1 and I8 with the successive rollers 3| will cause the dies to be reciprocated toward and away from each other in repid succession. The engagement of the forward end of the rotating band 5 with the rapidly reciprocating dies 2l and 22 will consequently deform the band as indicated in Fig. 3. As the shell 2 and rotating band 5 continue to be advanced into the rotary swaging head II the gradually reduced diameter of the flared

mouth

25, 26 of the dies 2l, 22 causes compression of the rotating band until it entirely fllls the recess 3 when the shell reaches the position illustrated in Fig. 4. Simultaneously with the compression of the rotating band 5 the material thereof is caused to flow into the inter- Thus the shell 2 and the rotating band stices between the serrations 4 in the bottom of the recess 3 whereby the rotating band firmly grips the shell, see Fig. 6. Preferably, the rotating band 5 has a surplus of material to assure complete filling of the recess 3 in the shell 2 and to also cause a part of the material to flow beyond the rearward edge of the recess to form a thin fin or flange 6, see Fig. 4.

As the forward end of the rotating banc'. 5 becomes completely compressed into engagement with the bottom of the recess 3 in the shell 2 the nut 'l5 on the sleeve 64 will bring up against the xed stop 11 on the cover 31, see Figs. 1 and Any further longitudinal movement of the feed member 42 by the rotation of the capstan-wheel 46 will cause the mandrel 51 and mandrel-supporting plunger 4l to advance relatively of the sleeve 64, the compression of the spring 'l2 permitting such relative movement.

After the shell 2 has been forced through the dies 2l and 22 to swage the rotating band 5 along its entire length the capstan-wheel 42 is rotated in clockwise direction to reverse the direction of eries.

movement of the feed member 42 to withdraw the shell 2 from the swaging head Il. Thismovement is continued until the fin or flange 6 at-the end of the rotating band 5 engages the end of the tip member 69 of the sleeve 64. Further rearward movement of the mandrel 51 and mandrelsupporting plunger 41 with respect to the sleeve 64 will cause the shell 2 to be forced off from the mandrel 51, the spring 12 having suflicient tens-ion to eject the shell under normal conditions in the manner indicated in Fig. 5. Continued rearward movement of the feed member 42 with respect to the sleeve 64 will cause its shoulder 56 to bring up against the ring 66 at the rearward end of the sleeve whereof the sleeve 64 and feed member 42 will thereafter move rearwardly as a unit to restore the parts to first position.

Although not entirely essential, preferably the n or flange 6 at the rearward end of the rotating band 5 is removed by a trimming operation in any suitable machine, such as a lathe. The shell 2 will then be partially completed with a rotating band compressed along its entire length and swaged inwardly to completely fill the recess 3 in the shell and grip the serrations 4 at the bottom of the recess. When applied in the manner as above explained the rotating band will have a smooth continuous outside surface of uniform diameter throughout its length.

It will be observed from the foregoing specification that the present invention provides a novel method of and apparatus for applying bands, rings or the like to articles of manufacture by swaging the bands around their entire periph- It will also be observed that the apparatus of the present invention is of relatively simple cons-truction to adapt it for economical manufacture and to enable it to be operated by unskilled workmen to carry out the present improved method of applying bands to projectile shells or similar articles of manufacture.

While an improved method and a preferred form of apparatus are herein described and illustrated it will be understood that modifications may be made in the steps of the method and in the form and arrangement of the parts of the apparatus without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Therefore, without limiting myself in this respect, I claim:

l. In an apparatus for attaching a band to an article of manufacture having a peripheral recess, the combination of a rotary swaging head, a mandrel for supporting the article in axial alinement with the swaging head, a sleeve slidable on the mandrel and engageable with the rearward end of the band to aline its forward end with the end of the recess in the article, means for advancing the mandrel and sleeve until the band enters the swaging head, and means engaging the sleeve for holding it against further movement with the mandrel.

2. In an apparatus for attaching a rotating band to a projectile shell having a peripheral recess, the combination of a rotary swaging head, a mandrel for supporting the yprojectile shell in axial alinement with the swaging head, a sleeve slidable on the mandrel and adapted to position the rotating band in alinement with the recess in the shell, a spring for yieldingly holding the sleeve in proper position on the mandrel, means for advancing the mandrel and sleeve toward the swaging head, and a stationary abutment for engaging the sleeve during its advance to hold it against further movement with the mandrel.

3. In an apparatus for attaching a, rotating drel and sleeve, means for advancing the mandrel `and sleeve toward the swaging head, a stationary abutment engaged by the sleeve after the projectile shell and rotating band have entered the vswaging head, said swaging head operating to deform the rotating band to cause it to enter the `peripheral recess in the shell, and said sleeve engaging the deformed rotating band when the mandrel is withdrawn from the swaging head to 10 eject the shell from the mandrel.

HERMAN A. BONDESON.