US2342371A - Gyratory crusher - Google Patents

Description

Feb. 22, 41944.

A. J. ROUBAL 2,342,371 GYRATORY CRUSHER Filed Jan. 22, 194;

Patented Feb. 22, 1944 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE AGiYRA'IORY CRUSHER Alexander J. Roubal, Wauwatosa, Wis., assignor to r.Allis-Chalmers Manufacturing Company, Milwaukee, Wis., a corporation of Delaware Application January 22, 1941, ScrialNo. 375,390

Such gear pump is driven by rotation of the crusher eccentric and is operative to pump lubri .eating oil to bearing surfaces of the Crusher only when the crusher is rotated in one direction. If

the Crusher is to be operated in the other direction of rotation, for any reason whatever, it is necessary to change both the ports through which the oil enters the pump and through which the flow of oil from the pump is discharged.

Some gyratory Crushers are made with a selitightening nut which retains the crushing head mantle and the head center on the crusher shaft. Such nut is threaded on the shaft and is pinned to the head mantle thus turning with the head mantle on the shaft thread `and forcing the mantle and the mantle center more tightly on `the shaft. The self-tightening action continues during crushing operation until the crushing head center and the mantle are so tightly pressed on the shaft as to act as an integral member rather than as though made of several parts. Whenit becomes necessary to replace a mantle, the head nut must be released and Crusher operators have heretofore had to resort to laboriously sledging the nut in an effort to turn it backward, to heating of the nut, to burning off of portions of the nut or even to use of explosives to release the nut. Such methods of releasing the nut are, however, very lengthy or very dangerous and frequently result in damage to the crusher itself.

The nut can be made self-loosening if the Crusher is used for crushing in the reverse of its previous direction of rotation. The crusher must of course be lubricated durin-g such reverse operation, and hence it was heretofore necessary to plug up one set of ports and to open up another set of ports of the lubricating pump as disclosed in the above identied patent, to permit reversal Aof the crusher rotation. For many reasons `crusher operators do not wish to drain the large vquantity of oil in the sump and to do the relatively Vdifficult disassembly work 'required for changing the ports on the oil pump to permit reversal of Crusher rotation. The provision of a gear pump with means for automatically securing substantially continuous discharge of lubricant regardless of the direction of rotation of the pump and hence of the Crusher, avoids the need for partially disassembling and reassembling the orusher to permit the reveres operationr thereof. The mere reverse operation of the Crusher is su-fcient to secure loosening of the nut and to .elimi- .natethe slow or dangerous practices heretofore employed to accomplish such loosening. It is therefore an ,object of the present `ini/en tion to provide a gyratory Crusher with a pump constructed to automatically provide lubrication of the Crusher regardless of the direction of rotation thereof.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a reversble rotary pump with a valve operable upon reversal of the pump, for controlling `some ports of the pump to maintain unidirectional discharge from the pump.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a reversible gear pump with uncontrolled inlet ports and controlled Outlet ports to maintain a continuous discharge from the pump regardless of the direction of rotation thereof.

Another object of the invention is to provide a gyratory Crusher with a gear pump having con tinuously open inlet ports and having a valve operated by the pressure and vacuum produced by the pump to control a plurality of outlet ports for maintaining a constant unidirectional flow of oil for lubricating the Crusher regardless of the direction of rotation of the crusher.

Objects and advantages other than those above set forth Will be apparent from the following description when read in connection with the accompanying drawing, in which:

Fig. 1 is a vertical cross-sectional View taken on substantially a central plane of a Crusher of the gyratory type t0 show the location and manner of operation of the gear pump for lubricating the Crusher;

Fig. 2 is a sectional view taken on the horizontal plane II-Il to illustrate the ducts for lubricat ing the lower or eccentric bearing of the crusher; Fig. 3 is a sectional view taken on the vertical `plane III--III of Fig. 5 to illustrate the sliding valve controlling the discharge ports of the pump whereby unidirectional discharge therefrom is maintained;

Fig. 4 is a sectional view taken on the horizontal plane IV-IV of Fig. 3 to show the relation of the pump gears and the relation of the inlet and the discharge ports to such gears; and

Fig. 5 is a view taken on the vertical sectional plane V-V of Fig. 3 to illustrate particularly the manner in which the pump is operated.

Referring to the drawing by characters of reference, reference numeral 6 designates a main frame forming the base and support for the other portions of the crusher and on which is mounted a top shell 1 lined with plates 8 which are the so-called concaves which form one of the abrasion resisting crushing surfaces ofthe machine. A spider II extends across the top of the shell 1 to form a support for the gyratory crushing member. The central portion of the spider II is provided with a bearing I2 in which is mounted a nut I3 attached to a shaft I4, the nut I3 and the end of the shaft I4 being protected by a spider cap I5. The main vshaft I4 isformed The ports 48 and 49 are inlet ports for the lubri cant from the sump 39 into the chamber 41 and are not controlled in any way. The pumping chamber 41 is substantially lled by a pair of intermeshing gears 5I and 52 with the gear 5I mounted on a freely rotating spindle 54 and with the spindle 53 of the gear 52 extending outwardly from the housing 46 and having an arm 55 keyed thereon and extending into contact with a lug 56 formed on the inner surface of the sump 39. The inlet ports 43 and 43 serve the gears 52 and 5I, respectively, and are located 180 from l the meshing point of the gears and from each with a conical portion intermediate its length on which is seated a member I1 known as the head center which is formed with an outer conical portion forming a seat for a cover or mantle I8 which is the other of the` crushing surfaces. The center I1 and the mantle I8 collectively,7 form the crushing head and are held on the shaft I4 by a nut I9 which is made with either a right or left hand thread to engage a similar thread on the shaft depending on the desired direction of rotation of the crusher. The nut I9 is fastened to the' head mantle I8 by pins 23 driven into holes formed by half round grooves in the top of the mantle and the bottom of tne nut, to act as keys in locking together the mantle and the nut.

Y The lower end of the shaft I4 is mounted in an eccentric 23 which rotates in a bushing 24 mounted in a support 25 which with ribs 26 forms a portion of the main frame 6 and with which is formed a spout 21. The eccentric 23 extends downwardly from the lower end of the shaft I4 and is outwardly flanged to provide a seat for a bevel ring gear 3l. The ring gear 3i meshes with a bevel pinion gear 32 mounted on a countershaft 33 which extends outwardly through suitable bearings 34. The countershaft may be driven by any suitable means (not shown) and through the bevel gearing, drives the eccentric which produces the gyratory motion of the main shaft, and the crushing head as is well known and therefore not described. The lower end of the eccentric 23 is shown as being hollow and as resting on a wear plate 36 which rests on a bottom plate 31 made as an annulus with passages 38 through the body thereof and opening into the center portion thereof. The bottom plate 31 is closed by a cover plate 39 forming a basin in the lowermost point of the crusher structure to act as a sump for collecting the lubricating oil for the Crusher.

A member 4I is mounted in the hollow lowei end of the eccentric 23 to form a closure across the eccentric immediately below the end of the shaft I4 and another closure at the lower end of the eccentric, the two closure portions being connected with a tubular portion forming a conduit for lubricant and the whole forming a filler for the hollow lower end of the eccentric. A vpump is mounted on the lower end of the filler 4I for pumping lubricant from the sump 33 to lubricate the bearing surfaces between the eccentric 23 and the shaft lI4 and between the eccentric and the bushing 24 and to overflow from vthe upper end of such lbearing surfaces on the pinion gear 32 for lubricating the Crusher driving gears. The pump comprises a housing 46 having a pumping chamber 41 with a. plurality of ports 48 -and l49 connecting the chamber 41 with the sump 39.

other. The pump gear chamber 41 is provided with outlet ports from discharge chambers 51 and l58 into the ends .of a chamber 6I connected by a single uncontrolled port with the tubular portion ofthe filler 4I.; The valve chamber 6I is cylindrical and forms a casing for a plug valve 63 slidable to and fro in the chamber responsive to the combined pressure and vacuum -produced by the pump gears and dependent on the direction of rotation of such gears. The ends of the valve 63 are reduced in size for a sufficient distance to allow pressure or vacuum produced by the gears to act on the main body of the valve and to cause such main body of the valve to close off communication between the chambers 51 and 6I or the chambers 58 and 6I dependent on the position of the valve 63. The discharge ports from chambers 51 and 58 are located approximately 360 from each other in the direction of rotation of the gear considered from the meshing point of the gear and are located midway between the inlet ports 48 and 49.

In operation, as the bevel gears 3I and 32 drive the eccentric 23 and hence the Crusher shaft I4, the pump housing 41 is rotated with the eccentric while the pump gear 52 is held stationary by contact of the arm 55 with the lug 56 on the sump wall 39. The pump gear 5I is rotated by the housing 46 and being freely journaled in the housing rotates in its movement about the gear 52 thus describing a planetary mo-tion with a circular orbit about the gear 52 as the center of the circle.V Such planetary movement causes the oil to be continuously drawn in through the inlet ports 48 and 49 by the teeth of the gears and carried around to the meshing point of the gears where the oil is forced out by the meshing teeth and is forced through the outlet port from the chambers 51 or 58 into the valve chamber 6I. The direction of gear rotation determines which of the ports from the chambers 51 or 58 is under oil pressure, the other of such chambers being under vacuumdue to the action of the teeth as they unmesh. As shown in Figs. 3 and 4, assuming that the Crusher is rotating in such direction as to cause the gear 5I to rotate in the direction shown by the arrow, oil is drawn in through the ports 4S and 49 and is forced up through the chamber 5l'. The oil flows through the valve chamber 6i, the discharge port 62 and the tubular portion of the filler 4I into the space below the end of the shaft I4. Oil then fiows upwardly in the ducts 23 formed in the inner surface of the eccentric 23 adjacent the shaft I4 Vand discharges into the space above the eccentric from which a portion of the oil flows downwardly through the ducts 29 formed in the outer surface of the eccentric 23 adjacent the bushing 24, to lubricate the contacting surfaces of the eccentric and the bushing and for return to-the sump 39. Surplus oil discharges through the vducts 30- ou the bevel gears 32 and 3l and thence flows through the inlet into the passages 38 in the bottom plate 31 which passages return the oil to the sump 39. The pump is immersed in the oil filling the sump 39 and acts positively to circulate oil through the paths above described regardless of the direction of rotation of the crusher. When it is therefore desired to loosen the head nut I9, it is merely necessary to operate the crusher in the reverse direction of rotation, which also merely reverses the direction of pump rotation and the position of valve 63 but does not materially affect the continuous fiow of oil from the port 62 and through the path above described. Reverse rotation of the crusher causes the self-loosening of the nut I9 after some time of ordinary crushing action and avoids all necessity for laborious or dangerous efforts in loosening such nut or other head portion. It is no longer necessary to change the inlet ports of the pump and the outlet ports are changed automatically when the direction of rotation changes, thus avoiding all possibility of erroneous setting of the pump and operation of the crusher without lubrication of the eccentric bearing. The present invention therefore provides the double advantage of avoiding the possibility of lack of lubrication due to improper pump setting, and allows disassembly of the head parts Without loss of crushing time required for loosening the head parts and without any danger to the crusher.

Although but one embodiment of the present invention has been illustrated and described, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made` therein without departing from the spirit of the invention or from the scope of the appended claims.

It is claimed and desired to secure by Letters Patent:

l. In a gyratory crusher comprising a shaft, a mantle on the shaft and means for tightening the mantle on the shaft by relative rotary movement therebetween, a rotary pump submerged in lubricating fluid and driven by a rotating part of the crusher for lubricating a bearing of the crusher regardless of the direction of rotation thereof, said pump comprising a housing mounted on the rotating part of the crusher and having a Vplurality of uncontrolled ports for fluid inlet into the housing and a single uncontrolledl port for fluid discharge from the housing, a pair of gears within the housing, and a valve within the housing for automatically maintaining the flow of fiuid to the bearing regardless of the direction of rotation of the crusher rotating part and of said pump.

2. In a gyratory crusher comprising a shaft, a mantle on the shaft and means for tightening the mantle on the shaft by relative rota-ry movement therebetween, a rotary pump submerged in lubricating fluid and driven by a rotating part of the crusher for lubricating a bearing of the crusher regardless of the direction of rotation thereof, said pump comprising a housing mounted on the rotating part of the crusher and having a plurality of chambers with a plurality of uncontrolled ports for iiuid inlet into one of the chambers and with a plurality of controlled ports between the chambers, a pair of intermeshing gears in one of the chambers, and a valve within the other of the chambers for controlling the controlled ports for automatically maintaining the discharge of iiuid to the bearing upon reversal of the direction of rotation of the crusher 'rotating part and of said pump.

3. In a gyratory crusher comprising a shaft, a mantle on the shaft and means for tightening the mantle on the shaft by relative rotary movement therebetween, a rotary pump submerged in lubricating iiuid and driven by a rotating part of the crusher for lubricating a bearing of the crusher regardless of the direction of rotation thereof, said pump comprising a housing mounted on the rotating part of the crusher and having a plurality of uncontrolled ports for uid inlet into the housing and a single uncontrolled port for fluid discharge from the housing, a pair of gears within the housing, one of the gears being held stationary and the other of the gears being rotatable and being carried about the stationary gear by the housing in a circular orbit, and a valve for automatically maintaining the discharge of fluid to the bearing regardless of the direction of rotation of the crusher rotating part and of said pump.

4. In a gyratory crusher comprising a shaft, a mantle on the shaft and means for tightening the mantle on the shaft by relative rotary movement therebetween, a rotary pump submerged in lubricating fluid and driven by a rotary part of the crusher for lubricating a bearing of the crusher regardless of the direction of rotation thereof, said pump comprising a housing mounted on the rotary part of the crusher and a fluid forcing rotating element within the housing, the housing having an uncontrolled iiuid inlet port thereinto and a fluid discharge therefrom, and valve. means associated with the housing for automatically maintaining the now of fluid to the bearing regardless of the direction of rotation of the crusher rotating part and of said pump.

ALEXANDER J. ROUBAL.

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