US2341384A - Governor - Google Patents

Description

Feb. 8, 1944. A KALlN 2,341,384

FIG-1 INVENTOR ALBERT KALIN BY A TORNEY Feb. 8, 1944. A. KALIN 2,341,384

GOVERNOR Filed Nov. 27, 1941 3 Sheets-Sheeil 2 INVENTOR ALBERT KANN BYJ 756%4 A ORNEY Feb. 8, 1944. A. KAUN 2,341,384

GOVERNOR Filed Nov; 27, 1941 s sheets-sheet s Patented Feb. 8, 1944 UNITED -S'IATEl-S '-OFFICE I G ovE-aNoR l VAlbert Kalin,cleve1and,oi1 iq Applieanon November 27, 1941, serial Noi 426,653

6 Claims.

This invention relates to governors for prime movers and more particularly to improvements in mechanisms for adjusting dr varying the speed characteristics of a prime mover through the intermediary of a speed governor mechanism.

The objects of the invention include provision of an improved means' for adjusting'a governor to control the speed droop characteristics of an engine-governor combination; and, specifically, an improved means forwadjusting speed droop in a governor having a generally horizontal speedregulating servo-motor. i;

A further object is to provide, inta speed governor, an improved speed setting mechanism including a sp'eedindicating dial, which mechanism is operable by hand and through the intermediary of a remotely controllable motor, I

y A further object is to provide a hydraulically actuated isochronous governor for prime movers, said governor having secondary'compensation adjusting means, speed droop adjusting means and Speeder spring adjusting means which means are all normally concealed but rendered accessible for adjustment through a quickly detachable Speeder-case cover.

governor system having counterparts in the mechanism shown in mysPatent 2,219,229 issued August 4,' 1940.

' A shafft A is showny at the lower part of Fig. 3, adapted for connection with a drivenelement of an engine tobe governed. The shaft drives a suitablel pump (not shown) for hydraulic uid. The pump is located in a power case portion I of the ergoyernor and is provided with a suitable valve system, as fully shown in said patent, and delivers the hydraulic fluid to a spring loaded accumulator (Fig. 1 only) having a plunger B and discharge vent C leading to a sump portion S of the power case. Constant pressure is thereby maintained in a duct D leading to one face (see E, Fig. 4) of a power piston F of a speed regulating servo-motor. Pressure applied at said face E tends to move lthe power piston in forward or speed decreasing direction (power oi, Fig. 1). Fluid from lthe accumulator is controlled at a port G by a lower plug element H of a pilot valve plunger H, so that, when the pilot valve is lowered Still another object is to provide a hydraulically actuated speed governor unit which is very compact, may be easily assembled andwhich is capable of being conveniently adjusted for changing speed etc. ,y

Other objects and features of the invention A will become apparent from the following description of the preferred form as shown in the drawings in which:

Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic perspective View showing the hydraulic governor system and part of the speed adjustment means hereof; Fig. 2 is a plan view of the governor unit (shown without the Speeder case cover); Fig-' I the governor unit showing the-Speeder' casein cross section as though cut along the plane of the line 3-3 on Fig. 2; Fig. 4 is a detail sectional view taken substantially along the line 4-4 of Fig. 3; Fig. 5 is a vertical sectional view taken substantially along the line 5--5 on Fig. 2, showing the motor and hand driven adjusting mechanism for varying and indicating speed adjustment, and Fig. 6 is a detail vertical sectional view, taken as at 6 6 Fig. 3, showing the Speeder case cover locking and releasing means. Fig. l is purposely distorted in some respects in order to show more clearly the more essential relationships between the elements illustrated.

Referring mainly to Fig. 1, letters are principally used to indicate working elements ofthe from the normal position in which illustrated, constant pressure passes toa duct I and thence to a face J of the power piston, which face is larger than face E of the piston, causing a rearward (power on, Fig. 1) movement ofy the powerl piston. When the pilot valve is raised from itsv normal position an upper plug element H2 of th'epilot valve releases fluid at a port K from the duct I into the sump, thereby causing the "power off regulating movement of the power piston. The power piston is connected in a suitable manner to the throttle of the prime mover to be governed, as to the fuel rack in case of governing a Diesel engine.

The pilot valve plunger H is urged upwardly by fly balls L in a suitable rotary ballhead-connected to the shaftAso asto be driven thereby--Y v'and downwardly by a coiled Speeder Spring M connected to theupper end of the pilot valve plunger. Said valve plunger H is held normally in the position in which illustrated because the effective force of the ily balls balances the pre-set loading of the "speeder spring. Changes in load on the engine cause upward or downward movement of the valve plunger as usual in hydraulic relay governors.

The governor functions as an isochronous governing mechanism by virtue of primary compensating force applied to the pilot valve plunger hydraulically as a function of servo-motor travellan actuating primary compensation piston N,

compensation fluid duct O, receiving compensation piston P and spring Q connecting the piston P'with the pilot valve plunger being provided, as in my said patent-and a secondary compensation leak-off aperture R being provided con- K necting the fluid duct O with the fluid sump.

Drop in load on the engine, resulting in increased speed of the ball head, raises the pilot valve plunger, thereby initiating power off movement of the power piston F, and, thereupon, suction is applied to fluid in the compensation fluid duct ,"causing or tending to cause lowering movement o f the receiving compensation piston P, yieldably checking the upward movement of the pilot valve plunger through the spring Q. The suction force on iiuid in the duct O is finally relieved through the restricted secondary compensation leak-off aperture R so that the original steady speed is reestablished under the new load. The rate of leakage at R is adjustable by reason of a threaded needle valve element T. The governor works in a reverse manner upon an increased load being applied to the engine, as more fully explained in my said patent.

rlhe valve plunger H, spring Q and compensation piston P turn with the ball head to minimize static friction. The Speeder spring Mdoes not turn.. v

VAs shown in Figs. 2 and 3, the power case I and the servo-motor cylinder-block 2 are surmounted by a Speeder case 3, all said parts being rigidly secured together by suitable means. A readily detachable cover 5 closes the top of the speeder case and will be more fully described later herein. The various ducts and hydraulically operable elements described above, in connection with Fig.` 1, are contained in the unit comprising the power case and servo-motor block, very much the same as in my said patent except that the servo-motor hereof is horizontally arranged instead of vertically. Appropriate sump spaces (such as noted at S in Fig. 1) intercommunicate freely, and the lower spacearound the" the Speeder case, when uncovered. The Speeder I- about a supporting removable pivot pin I1 for the gear sector. The pin I1 is carried on spaced portions of a bracket I8 rigid with said wall 8 integral therewith as shown. The gear sector I6 is shown in the position which, as determined partly by the setting of the spring adjusting screw II, results in adjusting the governor and thereby the engine for normal running speed under normal load; and in said position the Speeder arm is horizontal and the pivots I5 and I1 are horizontally aligned. The adjusting means for the gear sector 'I6 will be described later.

When the governor is conditioned for isochronous operation the left hand end of the speeder arm IU pivots on a fixed axis at all times; but provision is made to elevate the left hand end of Ihe arm adjustable distances to cause, automatically, slacking off of pressure on the Speeder spring incident to predetermined movement in the power on direction on part of the speed regulating servo-motor. Said operation effects speed droop in an isochronous governor and controls or regulates the speed droop characteristics of the governed engine whether-or not the governor is isochronous.

Said left han'd end of the Speeder arm has a y sliding universal joint connectionat 20 with an arm2I of alever 22, the connection enabling short free bodily movement of the Speeder-arm necessitated by the arc through which thewcrank pin I5 movesin adjusting speed to above and below normal running;speed.l `Said lever y22 is in the form of a bell crankf as shown, being pivoted on a horizontal pin 23 to the Speeder case,.ancl having a depending arm 24. vThe pivot pin of the bell crank may be carried on spaced bracket portions of the Speeder case, oneportion being the bracket I8, already referred to, and the other portion beingpartgofthe wally 9 as shown. The sliding universali-joint connection 20 referred to speeder arm and having a ball end occupying a case is generally rectangular in form and its four walls are designated 6, 1, 8 and 9 respectively.

The speed of the engine' 1s adjusted and sen by a speeder arm I0 which extends generally to the upper end of the spring and threadedJ into.

a cylindrical block` I2 which is loosely surrounded by an enlarged annular portion I3 of thespeeder arm. Horizontally aligned pivot bolts or pins I4 are mounted on said annular portion I3, and the relatively adjacent ends of the-pins enter the block I2 and pivotally locate the block centrally of the enlarged opening therefor in-said annular portion I3. Thus the speeder arm can be raised and lowered at either end to adjust the compression ofthe speeder spring but withouttending substantially to flex the spring transversely thereof. spring, in a predetermined*V position of the speeder arm, can be adjusted'bymoving the screw II vertically in the block I2.

'I'he right hand end of the Speeder arm, as shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 3, is pivotally secured, as by a crank pin I5, to a crank in the form lof a speed adjusting gear sector I6 mounted on the speeder case wall 8 so as to move parallel to the planes of swinging movement of the Speeder arm Thewinitial axial compression of the' lIFIOIZOXll'Il 13018 in theiarfm 2| of the bell crank..

' The Speeder arm I0 can be removed from the Speeder case when, desiredbyreleasing and withdrawing the pivot pin I1 of the gear sector I6,

and then-fby movement of the VSpeeder arm and gear sector assembly to the right (Fig. 1)-withdrawingthe ball end ofthe pin 25 from the horizontal opening in the bell-crank 22. This also enables the pilot valve plunger H to be withdrawn from its coacting valve sleeve or guide by the Speeder ar'rn through the intermediary of the speeder spring, assuming said spring and valve plunger are connected, as fully shown lin my said patent, as preferably is the case.

For speed droop adjustment and operation, the depending arm 24 of the bell crank has a. vertical slot 26 extending through it for a portion of its length and a block 21 riding the slot and having a horizontal pin 28 projecting a short distance to the left of the depending arm 24, as best shown in Fig. 3 (cf., Fig. l). The block 21 can be adjusted vertically along theslot 26 by a screw 29 which is secured for turning movement only in upper and lower end portions of the bell crank arm 24 and which is snugly threaded to the block 21. The upper end of the screw is readily adapted for engagement by a suitable tool (e. g. screw driver) at the upper end of the speeder case4 when the cover 5 is removed therefrom. A spring washer 29' at the lower end of the screw prevents the screw from being turned by vibration from set position. Cooperating with the pin l28 is a lever 30 pivoted as to the Speeder case wall 9 on a fixed pin 3| and having a groove or channel 32 extending from a position in alignment with the fixed pin 3| upwardly along the lever 30. The lower arm of the lever 30 is connected to the servo-motor power piston F as ata peripheral groove 33 in a trunk portion 34 of the power piston. As shownv in Fig. 4, the upper side of the servo-motor block 2 has a recess 35 communicating the space around the trunk portion 34 of the power piston with the Speeder case and DTO- viding adequate working clearance for the lower arm of the lever 30.

When thepin 26 of the block 21, on the bell crank arm 24 is in a position in axial alignment with the xed pivot pin 3| of the servo-motoractuated.: lever 30 no vmovement will be transmittefd to the bell crank and thence to the speeder arm yIl) as a result of servo-motor movement. When theblock 21 is raised (see Fig. 1 for exemplary raised positio'athereof) 'the movement of the servo-motor piston'F in the power ondrec tion, acting on the p in 28 at channel 32 Iswings the bell crank in a clockwise direction as viewed in Fig. 4'thus raising the horizontal arm of the bell crank and slacking, off slightly on the speeder spring, thus causing the speed of the engine to droop under load. On'ret'ur'n (power. olj) movements of the servo-motor piston the' speeder spring is restressed downwardly;A The percentage of speed droop is determined by the distance to which the block 21 is raised along the slot in the depending arm of the bell crank. The adjustable connecting pin 28 between the levers 22 and 36 could be mounted on either of said levers; but the illustrated arrangement greatly facilitates adjustment of the pinto vary the percentage of speed droop.

The needle valve pin T which adjusts the size of the secondary compensation leak-off aperture R is threaded at 36, for adjustment, into a vertically extending threaded hole in the servo-motor block 2, as shown in Fig. 4. The shank or stem 31 of the needle valve pin is extended upwardly Vfor enabling ready accessibility for adjustment through the top of the Speeder case.; and an adjusting knob 38 is appropriately xed to the upper end of the shank. Thus secondary cmpensation can also be readily adjusted, as by hand, when the speeder case cover 5 is removed; but the adjusting means is otherwise inaccessible.

The stem or shank 31 of the needle valve T is supported near its upper end by a slightly compressible, preferably non-metallic, tapered bushing 39 which, in turn, is mounted, for example, in the bracket I8 as a rigid upper support. A spring fill, surrounding the stem 31, acts downwardly I spring 54 and the locking bar.

against the bushing 39 and upwardly against the adjusting knob 38 in a manner tending to prevent undesired turning movement of the adjusting screw. It is desirable to have the secondary compensation adjustment normally concealed in the Speeder' case. to prevent tampering-therewith, butl also that it be rendered accessible for adjustment at such times as speed droop and 'Speeder spring adjustments are made. The upper support (I8, 39) for the needle valve screw 4shank 31 assists greatly in preventing the needle valve'from getting out of adjustment incident toengine vibration; for if the friction actuated adjustment retaining device (39, 40) were disposed in a position adjacent the servo-motor block and the upper end of the shank were free from lateral support but positioned, for ready adjustment, close to the top of the speeder case, then whipping of the shank 31 due to engine vibration would usual- The cover locking means as shown in Figs. 3 i

and 6 comprises a knob 45 generally centrally of the cover on its top face, the knob having a circular stem 46 projecting downwardly through and mounted for rotation in a guiding hole in the cover. Below the circular part of the stem is a noncircular portion 41 (e. g. square) extending a short distance below the under side of the cover. Below the square portion the stem has a reduced screw-threaded portion 48 shown as extending in threaded engagement with a boss at the midportion of a substantially rigid horizontal locking bar 5|). The locking bar, in the position in which shown (see Fig. 6) has its two ends extending downwardly to form tongues 5| adapted to underhang inwardly extending ribs 52 on respective opposite side walls 6 and 8 of the Speeder case at the upper inner margins of said walls. The locking bar is of sufliciently less length than the inner width of the case so that the bar can be turned aboutl the axis of the stem 46, the ends of the bar being rounded to clear the side walls. A stop for limiting the swinging movement of the locking bar depends from the cover at 53. The locking bar can be turned against the stop to a position approximately parallel with the side wall ribs 52. v

A bowed leaf spring 54-extends across the locking bar, said spring bearing upwardly at its ends on the cover and downwardly on the bar intermediately of said ends. The spring has "a round hole through which the square portion of the stem 46 extends to hold, the spring in position. A metal disc 55 having a square hole embracing the square portion of the stem 46 lies between the A shoulder for preventing the threaded portion of the stem from being turned until it is unscrewed from the locking bar may comprise a cotter pin 56 which, in the locking position of the bar, is some distance below theA underside of the bar.

The locking bar, in the cover securing position thereofV (as shown) can be caused to bear upwardly on the vribs 52 with suicient force to hold all marginal edges of the cover tight against the upper edge surfaces of the Speeder case. Dowels 51 in the cover align the cover with the Speeder case at holes provided to register with the dowels. 4

, To 'release the locking bar lassuming a point of view above the cover) one turns the knob to the left until the tongues 5| no longer clamp against the ribs 52. Then the bar can be-turned freely to the left against the stop 53 'since the spring 54 maintains .pressure on the disc 55 on the square portion of the stem, and the disc frictionally drives the locking bar with the rotating stem 46. The cover can then be lifted off the case.

In returning the locking bar to locking position after replacement of the cover, rotation of the knob tothe right. rturns/the bar to the right until it engages a different 'surface Qf 'the stop v5341 whereupon it is in the locking position in which illustrated. Further turning of the knob then A draws down the cover. l

The quickly detachable cover securing mechanism above described bears an important rela-` tion to the speeder mechanism because it provides for normally concealing al1 the adjustments described above while rendering each of them instantly accessi-ble for manipulation when adjustment is required.

Referring particularly to Figs. 1, 2 and 5, the speed setting mechanism and dial control is mainly contained in a box-like housing 60 adapted to be secured as by screws (e. g. 6|) to the wall 8 of the Speeder case, so that said housing depends adjacent the power case as will be obvious from Fig. 5. Part of the mechanism-a reduction gearing assembly including the gear sector |6-is supported on the inside of the Speeder case, said gearing comprising a pinion 63 meshing with teeth I6' of the sector I6 and a gear 64 rigid with said pinion. The gear and pinion are fastened in place as on a screw 65 on the Speeder case wall 8.

The wall of the housing 60 lying remotely of the Speeder case (for convenience: front wall) is sectional and includes a gear case member 61 doweled to the housing 60 and secured in place thereon as by screws. the rear wall of the housing 60 and the wall 8 of the Speeder case have aligned holes which receive a main Speeder control or adjusting shaft 1|) which has an adjusting knob 1I at the front of the housing 60 suitably fixed to the Shaft as by a threaded nut 8|, further referred to later herein. An enlargement 12 on the shaft outwardly abuts the rear face of the gear case member 61 to prevent outward movement of the shaft. The inner end of the Shaft, which can be readily inserted into the aligned holes of the rear housing wall and Speeder case wall 8, has pinion teeth 13 cut thereon and adapted to mesh with the gear 64. A compressible ring 14, seated in a recess in the front face of the Speeder case wall 8, tends to prevent travel of hydraulic fluid from the Speeder case along the shaft 10.

The gear case member 61 contains a reduction gearing assembly,connected with the shaft 1|] for driving a dial 15 which is graduated to indicate, as against a mark (not shown) on a gear case cover panel 15a, the adjusted position of the Speeder arm |0. The dial drive gearing comprises, as shown, a pinion 16 non-rotatably fixed to the shaft 10, mutually rigid gear and pinion members 11 and 18, suitably supported for rotation on the gear case member 61, and a gear 19 meshing with the pinion 18 and constituting a support for the dial 15. The gear 19 is journalled for free rotation on a hub portion of the pinion 16. The dial 15 is graduated to indicate complete or fractional turns of the shaft and a flange portion 8|] of the knob is marked and graduated to indicate an initial position thereof and partial turns as vagainst a zero mark on the dial 15. The dial arrangement therefore constitutes a Vernier mechanism whereby the speed setting of the governor can be very accurately indicated at all times.

The turned position of the knob 1| can be initially adjusted and locked relative to the turned position of the dial by reason of a nut 8| on a threaded end portion of the Shaft 10, which nut is arranged to force the knob and a shoulder portion 82 of the shaft 10 into clamping relation to the hub of the pinion 16 thus, in effect, fastening said pinion to the shaft 10 for turning therewith. When the nut 8| is released from clamping position, as by a partial turn, then the dial driving gearing and the knob are drivingly disconnected from the shaft 10.

For synchronizing a plurality of governed engines the Speeder mechanism and dial driving gearing described above is controllable from a point or points remotely of the governed engine by reason of an electric motor 85 preferably a Synchronous induction motor. Such motors are subject to common control, as is well known, by suitable master adjustment arrangements not shown. The motor 85 is mounted on the rear wall of the housing 6|) in such position that the motor is readily accessible for inspection, lubrication, etc., through an opening 86 in the housing 60 adjacent the gear case 61.v The opening 86 has adetachable cover 81.

A driven element of the motor 85 (e. g. worm gear reduction driven shaft) carries a driving pinion 88 in constant mesh with a gear 89 on the shaft 10. The gear 89 is adapted to be held against turning with the shaft 10 whenthe knob Said gear case member 61,

1| is manipulated to set or adjust speed, but to turn the shaft 1|) whenever the motor operates. The hub of the gear 89 and the enlarged portion 12 of the shaft have complementary friction clutch faces (conical surfaces as shown at 90) and the shaft 10 has a Spring 9| thereon and arranged to hold the clutch faces in sufficiently tight contact So that the motor cannot be operated without turning the shaft 10 and thereby adjusting the Speeder mechanism through the gearing 63, 64, etc., inside the Speeder case.

It will be noted'that the dial gear case 61, knob and knob Shaft 10, together with the friction drive clutch mechanism 89, 9| of said shaft constitute a Self contained assembly which can be mounted in place as a complete working unit and likewise removed as a unit from operating position.

I claim:

1. In a hydraulic relay speed governor a power case and speed regulating servo-motor unit, a regulating piston and a pilot valve controlling Said piston in said unit, means forming a Speeder case above the unit, Speeder mechanism therein including a Speeder spring connected to the pilot valve and a member adapted for changing stress in the spring to change and Set speed, and speed droop regulating mechanism comprising a lever operatively connected to said member in the.

Speeder case and having a xed fulcrum, a lever operatively connected to the servo-motor piston and having a fixed fulcrum, one arm of each of the levers extending in overlapping relation to the other adjacent the last mentioned fixed fulcrum, a connecting pin for the overlapping arm portions carried by one of said arms and movable along both said arms, said pin preventing relative swinging movement of respective connected portions of the arms, and adjusting means for the connecting pin on the pin carrying arm and extending along the latter arm to a' position adjacent the fixed fulcrum of the latter arm.

2. In .a hydraulic relay speed governor, speed responsive means comprising an upright pilot valve, ball-head and Speederl spring, a housing including a Speeder case portion containing said spring, a servo-motor in said housing below the Speeder case portion and controlled by the pilot valve, a bell crank mounted for swinging movement in the Speeder case on a fixed horizontal axis and having a generally horizontally extending arm operatively connected with the Speeder spring, a depending arm on the bell crank, a lever connected with the servo-motor and supported on a fixed horizontal pivot, said lever having an arm extending upwardly adjacent and generally parallel to the depending arm of the bell crank, a pin mounted on one of said adjacent arms for movement therealong from a point substantially aligned with said xed pivot to a position remote therefrom, and means for adjusting the pin along l the arm on which the pin is mounted.`

3. In a hydraulic relay speed governor, speed responsive means comprising an upright pilot valve, ball-head and speeder spring,.a housing including a speeder case portion containing said spring, a servo-motor in said housing below the speeder case portion and controlled by the pilot valve, a bell crank mounted for swinging movement in the speeder case on a fixed horizontal axis and having a generally horizontally extending arm operatively connected withthe speeder spring, a depending arm on the bell crank, a, pin movable along the depending arm and extending laterally of said arm, adjusting means carried by the depending arm and accessible for adjustment `at a point above the bell crank for adjusting the pin along said depending arm, a lever' connected with the servo-motor and supported on a iixed pivot adjacent the pin, and meanson the lever extending transversely of the xed pivot thereof for operative engagement with the pin in any adjusted position of the latter along said depending arm of the bell crank. I

4. In a: normally isochronous hydraulic relay governor, a pilot valve and servo-motor unit"a speeder case surmounting the unit, a speeder spring connected to the pilot valve and means in the speeder case for adjusting the spring, said spring adjusting means including a speed droop effecting mechanism connected with the servomotor for actuation thereby to change the stress of the speeder spring, adjusting means for the speed droop eiecting mechanism, and secondary compensation adjusting means for the hydraulic relay, both of said adjusting means being acces- 5. In an isochronous hydraulic relay speed governor, a power case and speed regulating servo-motor unit, a speeder case surmounting the unit, a pilot valve in the power case and speed responsive means in the speeder case controlling-the valve to cause operation of the servomotor, a hydraulic compensation-system in said unit connecting the pilot valve vand servo-motor and including a primary compensation fluid duct, a secondary compensation leak-0H valve port associated with the duct and a screw-threaded adjusting valve pin in said port and supported by said unit, said pin extending upwardly into the speeder case to a point near the top of the speeder oase for enabling manipulation to eiect secondary compensation adjustment, and substantially rigid meansin an upper portion of the speeder oase supporting the upper end portion of the pin against vibration.

6. In an isochronous hydraulic relay governor,

a power case and servo-motor block unit, a pilot valve and a servo-motor piston in the unit, means forming a speeder case above the unit, speeder mechanism therein operatively connected to the pilot valve, a hydraulic compensation fluid system in said unit including a uid duct compen satingly connecting the servo-motor with th...

pilot valve, a secondaryv compensation leak-oli port associated with the duct, and an adjusting valve pin carried by said unit and adapted variably to restrict the leak-off port, said pin extending upwardly into the speeder case, substantially lathe same against vibration.

rigid means in an upper region of the speeder case, said last named means closely embracing an upper portion of the pin in a manner to steady ALBERT KALIN.

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