US2340400A - Anode - Google Patents
Anode Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2340400A US2340400A US472619A US47261943A US2340400A US 2340400 A US2340400 A US 2340400A US 472619 A US472619 A US 472619A US 47261943 A US47261943 A US 47261943A US 2340400 A US2340400 A US 2340400A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- anode
- tin
- cobalt
- coating
- antimony
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese dioxide Chemical compound O=[Mn]=O NUJOXMJBOLGQSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 11
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000006735 deficit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 3
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005363 electrowinning Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 the Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C7/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells; Servicing or operating of cells
- C25C7/02—Electrodes; Connections thereof
Definitions
- This invention relates to anodes adapted particularly for use in the electrowinning of manganese.
- This coating performs a valuable catalytic function in accelerating oxygen evolution and minimizing manganese dioxide formation.
- the desirable properties of the anode depend at least to a large extent upon-maintenance of this coating without rupture. When during use there is a loss of tin or cobalt this coating is disturbed or ruptured and its cataltyic activity in suppressing manganese dioxide forma- 7 tion greatly-impaired.
- stability of the anode depends upon the use of an anode containing certain maximum critical percentages of cobalt and tin. If the proportions of these elements materially exceed these critical values, in stability upon electrolysis results, accompanied by impairment of the anode structure as well as impairment of the desired functioning of the catalytic coating.
- the maximum is about 25 Q about 0.02 percent and the tin from about 25 percent to about 20 percent.
- the chief function of the antimony is to act as a strengthening component and. the range of th proportion of antimony may be froma maximum of about 6 percent to a minimum of about 4 percent.
- the balance of the composition is for the most part lead, although small amounts of elements normally associated with lead are not precluded, as for example silver.
- This invention involves the discovery that by limiting the maximum proportion of tin and cobalt, loss of those components during electrolysis is prevented, impairment of the structure and functioning of the anode and its catalytic coating is prevented and a stable anode obtained.
- an anode of this composition is stable and not only has this composition as manufactured but also substantially maintains the above composition during use. Such an anode has been found to have a life reatly exceeding that of an anode having proportions of cobalt, tin and antimony substantially exceeding the critical values above set forth. It will also be found that this stable anode upon use develops a coating which is an oxide complex without limiting the generality thereof, a solid plate or sheet, a perforated sheet, agrid, bars suspended from a horizontal support, and a coating or cladding on a core of other conductive material.
- An anode for manganese electrowinning hav-' ing the following composition:
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
Description
Patented Feb. 1, 1944 ANODE Charles L. Mantel], Manhassett, N. Y., assignor to Electro Manganese Corporation,
Knoxville,
Tenn., a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Application January 16, 1043,
. Serial No. 472,619
1 Claim.
This invention relates to anodes adapted particularly for use in the electrowinning of manganese.
In this art lead anodes hav been used but their use is attended with the great disadvantage that large quantities of manganese dioxide are formed at the anode. Fink'and Kolodney U. S. Patent 2,320,773, June 1, 1943, have disclosed that by using alloys, the, constituents of which comprise lead, tin, and antimony, or lead, tin, antimony and cobalt (or lead, tin, antimony, cobalt and silver). that the formation of manganese dioxide can be repressed. This is due to the formation of a coating which catalyzes the formation of oxygen and minimizes the formation of manganese dioxide. The use of such compositions constitutes a distinct improvement in the art. However, suppression of manganese dioxide formation is not the only property which is desirable in an anode. It is desirable that the anode have a long life and be substantially insoluble. An anode which operates satisfactorily only for a short time represents an economic loss.
It is an object of this invention to devise a stable anodewhich has a long life and substantially complete insolubility in addition to the property of suppressing manganese dioxide formation.
It has been discovered that the cause of deterioration is loss of certain constituents, more particularly cobalt and tin, this loss signifying the functioning of the anode, to the extent of the loss, as a soluble anode. It has been further discovered that the loss of these constituents by solution in the electrolyte seriously impairs not only the structure of the anode but also the functioning of the catalytic coating thereon. In the use of anodes containing lead, tin, antimony and cobalt, an adherent film or coating forms on the anode surface, this coating being a complex of certain oxides including the oxides of jlead, tin. cobalt and antimony. This coating performs a valuable catalytic function in accelerating oxygen evolution and minimizing manganese dioxide formation. The desirable properties of the anode depend at least to a large extent upon-maintenance of this coating without rupture. When during use there is a loss of tin or cobalt this coating is disturbed or ruptured and its cataltyic activity in suppressing manganese dioxide forma- 7 tion greatly-impaired.
It has been further discovered that stability of the anode depends upon the use of an anode containing certain maximum critical percentages of cobalt and tin. If the proportions of these elements materially exceed these critical values, in stability upon electrolysis results, accompanied by impairment of the anode structure as well as impairment of the desired functioning of the catalytic coating. For tin the maximum is about 25 Q about 0.02 percent and the tin from about 25 percent to about 20 percent. The chief function of the antimony is to act as a strengthening component and. the range of th proportion of antimony may be froma maximum of about 6 percent to a minimum of about 4 percent. The balance of the composition is for the most part lead, although small amounts of elements normally associated with lead are not precluded, as for example silver.
This invention, therefore, involves the discovery that by limiting the maximum proportion of tin and cobalt, loss of those components during electrolysis is prevented, impairment of the structure and functioning of the anode and its catalytic coating is prevented and a stable anode obtained.
In accordance with the present invention,
In view of the tendency of cobalt to oxidize,
care should be taken to avoid the formation of oxides thereof. It will be found that an anode of this composition is stable and not only has this composition as manufactured but also substantially maintains the above composition during use. Such an anode has been found to have a life reatly exceeding that of an anode having proportions of cobalt, tin and antimony substantially exceeding the critical values above set forth. It will also be found that this stable anode upon use develops a coating which is an oxide complex without limiting the generality thereof, a solid plate or sheet, a perforated sheet, agrid, bars suspended from a horizontal support, and a coating or cladding on a core of other conductive material.
What is claimed is:
An anode for manganese electrowinning hav-' ing the following composition:
Percent by weight Cobalt 0.02to 0.04 Tin 20 12025 Antimony 4 to '6 Balance Principally lead oaaanas L. MANTELL.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US472619A US2340400A (en) | 1943-01-16 | 1943-01-16 | Anode |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US472619A US2340400A (en) | 1943-01-16 | 1943-01-16 | Anode |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2340400A true US2340400A (en) | 1944-02-01 |
Family
ID=23876257
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US472619A Expired - Lifetime US2340400A (en) | 1943-01-16 | 1943-01-16 | Anode |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2340400A (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2704273A (en) * | 1951-09-28 | 1955-03-15 | Yoshida Tadashi | Process for chromium electrodeposition |
| US2841491A (en) * | 1955-12-16 | 1958-07-01 | Gould National Batteries Inc | Battery grid alloy |
| US2852450A (en) * | 1954-06-10 | 1958-09-16 | Donnelley & Sons Co | Method of copper plating |
| US20050124233A1 (en) * | 2001-12-13 | 2005-06-09 | Tag Hammam | Contact terminal with doped coating |
-
1943
- 1943-01-16 US US472619A patent/US2340400A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2704273A (en) * | 1951-09-28 | 1955-03-15 | Yoshida Tadashi | Process for chromium electrodeposition |
| US2852450A (en) * | 1954-06-10 | 1958-09-16 | Donnelley & Sons Co | Method of copper plating |
| US2841491A (en) * | 1955-12-16 | 1958-07-01 | Gould National Batteries Inc | Battery grid alloy |
| US20050124233A1 (en) * | 2001-12-13 | 2005-06-09 | Tag Hammam | Contact terminal with doped coating |
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