US2338538A - Glass-to-metal seal - Google Patents
Glass-to-metal seal Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2338538A US2338538A US276928A US27692839A US2338538A US 2338538 A US2338538 A US 2338538A US 276928 A US276928 A US 276928A US 27692839 A US27692839 A US 27692839A US 2338538 A US2338538 A US 2338538A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- glass
- cobalt
- iron
- sleeve
- alloy
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C27/00—Joining pieces of glass to pieces of other inorganic material; Joining glass to glass other than by fusing
- C03C27/04—Joining glass to metal by means of an interlayer
- C03C27/042—Joining glass to metal by means of an interlayer consisting of a combination of materials selected from glass, glass-ceramic or ceramic material with metals, metal oxides or metal salts
- C03C27/046—Joining glass to metal by means of an interlayer consisting of a combination of materials selected from glass, glass-ceramic or ceramic material with metals, metal oxides or metal salts of metals, metal oxides or metal salts only
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J5/00—Details relating to vessels or to leading-in conductors common to two or more basic types of discharge tubes or lamps
- H01J5/32—Seals for leading-in conductors
- H01J5/40—End-disc seals, e.g. flat header
- H01J5/42—End-disc seals, e.g. flat header using intermediate part
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J2893/00—Discharge tubes and lamps
- H01J2893/0033—Vacuum connection techniques applicable to discharge tubes and lamps
- H01J2893/0034—Lamp bases
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T403/00—Joints and connections
- Y10T403/21—Utilizing thermal characteristic, e.g., expansion or contraction, etc.
- Y10T403/217—Members having different coefficients of expansion
Definitions
- the present invention relates to glass-tometal seals and more particularly to an improved method and means for sealing glass to iron.
- a so-called soft glass i, e., a glass with a coefcient of thermal expansion of from 80 10I to 100 l07' centimeters per centimeter per degree centigrade.
- a glass with a coefcient of thermal expansion of from 80 10I to 100 l07' centimeters per centimeter per degree centigrade.
- Sendlinger glass which is free from lead and' which contains a substantial quantity of barium oxide. This glass has a coefficient of expansion of about 95 101.
- a'seal which comprises a metal sleeve l, a body of glass 2, and a, leadin wire 3 which passes through the body of glass.
- the sleeve is preferably 'constituted of iron having an alloyed surface prepared in accordance with the method described in the foregoing.
- the conductor 3 may be of similar composition if. desired.
- the density of the stipping applied to the sleeve I is an indication of the varying concentration of the coating metal from pointto point in the iron. It will be noted that the sleeve is alloyed only on its innerA side, the outer side being preferably free from coating in order to facilitate Welding of the sleeve to other metal parts.
- a sleeve provided with an annular flange 5.
- the cobalt or molybdenum coating is preferably applied only to the cylindrical portion 6 of the sleeve, being excluded, for example, from the surface of the nange 5.
- a glass-to-metal seal including a body which consists mainly of iron, the outer layer of said body comprising an alloy of iron with a metal selected from the group consisting of cobalt and molybdenum, and a body of glass adhering to said alloy layer.
- a glass-to-metal seal including a body which consists mainly of iron, the outer layer of said body comprising an alloy consisting substantially of iron and cobalt, and a body of glass fused to said layer, the content of cobalt in the alloy layer at the region of fusion with the glass being from about 15% to ⁇ about 30%.
- a lead-in arrangement including a tubular iron sleeve having a layer of cobalt:iron alloy on the interiorl surface thereof; the cobalt content of said layer diminishing inwardly from the surface, a body of glass within the sleeve and sealed to the surface of said layer, and a conductor sealed through said glass and supported thereby in spaced relation to the sleeve, 'the content of cobalt in the said cobalt-iron layer at the region of fusion with the glass being from about 15% to about 30%.
- said layer a conductor sealed throughsaid glass and supported thereby in spaced relation to the sleeve, and a laterally extending ange at one end of the said sleeve, the surfaces of said flange being lfree of cobalt'to facilitate welding' of the flange to other metallic par-ts.
- a glass-to-metal seal including a metal body, the outer layer of said body comprising an alloy of iron and cobalt and a body of glass fused to the surface of said alloy layer, the content of cobalt in the alloy at the glass Surface being about 15 to 30 per cent and the cobalt content diminishing from the surface toward the interior.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
Description
Jn.. 4, 1944. PULFRlQH ETAL 2,338,538
GLAss-'ro-METAL SEALS Filed June 1, v1959 ng., l.
d Magn'er Y Inventors Hans PulFrich Ric ar Then Arizofney.v
Adifficulty is experienced surfaces.'
Um'rrzb STATES PATENT OFFICE f GLASS-To-METAL SEAL Hans Pulfrich, Berlin-Friedemann, and Richard Magnex', Berlin, Germany, assignors to General Electric Company, a corporation of New York Application June 1, 1939, Serial No. 276,928 A In Germany July 11, 1938 6 Claims.
The present invention relates to glass-tometal seals and more particularly to an improved method and means for sealing glass to iron. l
In joining iron to glass parts, considerable iny securing satisfactory adherence' of the iron and glass We lhave found that this difliculty may be substantially lessened by coating the iron with a layer of cobalt or molybdenum (preferably cobalt) and then annealing until an alloy is formed. Our invention in this connection may best be understood by reference to the following description and the accompanying drayving in which Figs. 1 andl 2 represent exemplary embodiments of the invention. u
In order to produce an adherence-improving coating of cobalt or molybdenum on an iron body it is convenient to apply the coating material by electrolytic deposition so as to form a plating. The coated iron part-is then annealed from one to five hours at 1000 to 1400 degrees- C. this beit especially advantageous to-use for the coning preferably done in a neutral gas such as hydrogen. The above specied heat treatment causes the cobalt (or molybdenum) to be diffused into the"l contains from 15 to 30% of cobalt at its outer Within this range the coefficient of expansion of the iron part is not seriously af- A fected by the addition'of the cobalt.
Surface For sealing with a metal part prepared in accordance with our invention, one may employ'a so-called soft glass, i, e., a glass with a coefcient of thermal expansion of from 80 10I to 100 l07' centimeters per centimeter per degree centigrade. One example of such a glass comprises the so-called Sendlinger glass which is free from lead and' which contains a substantial quantity of barium oxide. This glass has a coefficient of expansion of about 95 101. A
In Fig. l we have shown our invention as applied in connection with a'seal which comprises a metal sleeve l, a body of glass 2, and a, leadin wire 3 which passes through the body of glass. The sleeve is preferably 'constituted of iron having an alloyed surface prepared in accordance with the method described in the foregoing. The conductor 3 may be of similar composition if. desired.
We have found that superior results are obtained when the coefficient of expansion of the conductor 3 is from 1% to 10% above the. coefflcient of expansion of the glass. We consider ductor an alloy of from 40 to 50% iron with from Yto 50% nickel, such alloy being providedwithv a` superficial addition of cobalt or molybdenum (specifically, 1 to 5%) to improve adhesion.
Referring again to Fig. 1, the density of the stipping applied to the sleeve I is an indication of the varying concentration of the coating metal from pointto point in the iron. It will be noted that the sleeve is alloyed only on its innerA side, the outer side being preferably free from coating in order to facilitate Welding of the sleeve to other metal parts.
In Fig. 2 there is shown a sleeve provided with an annular flange 5. In this Acase the cobalt or molybdenum coating is preferably applied only to the cylindrical portion 6 of the sleeve, being excluded, for example, from the surface of the nange 5.
What we claim .as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent of the United States is:
1. A glass-to-metal seal including a body which consists mainly of iron, the outer layer of said body comprising an alloy of iron with a metal selected from the group consisting of cobalt and molybdenum, and a body of glass adhering to said alloy layer.
2. A glass-to-metal seal including a body which consists mainly of iron, the outer layer of said body comprising an alloy consisting substantially of iron and cobalt, and a body of glass fused to said layer, the content of cobalt in the alloy layer at the region of fusion with the glass being from about 15% to `about 30%.
I 3. A lead-in arrangement including a tubular iron sleeve having a layer of cobalt:iron alloy on the interiorl surface thereof; the cobalt content of said layer diminishing inwardly from the surface, a body of glass within the sleeve and sealed to the surface of said layer, and a conductor sealed through said glass and supported thereby in spaced relation to the sleeve, 'the content of cobalt in the said cobalt-iron layer at the region of fusion with the glass being from about 15% to about 30%.
said layer, a conductor sealed throughsaid glass and supported thereby in spaced relation to the sleeve, and a laterally extending ange at one end of the said sleeve, the surfaces of said flange being lfree of cobalt'to facilitate welding' of the flange to other metallic par-ts.
5. A glass-to-metal seal including a metal body, the outer layer of said body comprising an alloy of iron and cobalt and a body of glass fused to the surface of said alloy layer, the content of cobalt in the alloy at the glass Surface being about 15 to 30 per cent and the cobalt content diminishing from the surface toward the interior.
6. A body of glass having a coelcient of expension of about 80 to 100 107 cm. per cm. per degree centigrade, a. conductor sealed thereto which comprises an alloy of 40 to 50% iron and 60 to 50% nickel, and having the sealing surface thereof which is joined to said glass body alloyed with a metal chosen from the group comprising cobalt and molybdenum.
HANS PULFRICH. RICHARD MAGNER.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DET2843D DE897454C (en) | 1938-07-11 | 1938-07-11 | Process for the production of a sleeve for insulated current feedthroughs, in particular for electrical discharge vessels |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US2338538A true US2338538A (en) | 1944-01-04 |
Family
ID=7544117
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US276928A Expired - Lifetime US2338538A (en) | 1938-07-11 | 1939-06-01 | Glass-to-metal seal |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US2338538A (en) |
DE (1) | DE897454C (en) |
NL (1) | NL57479C (en) |
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2511914A (en) * | 1950-06-20 | Method of and apparatus for fabri | ||
US2515337A (en) * | 1947-06-24 | 1950-07-18 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Metal to glass seal and method of producing same |
US2670572A (en) * | 1950-08-22 | 1954-03-02 | Firth Vickers Stainless Steels Ltd | Method of making glass-to-metal seals |
US2784532A (en) * | 1946-06-21 | 1957-03-12 | Itt | Method for making electrical terminals |
US2821811A (en) * | 1953-05-28 | 1958-02-04 | Philips Corp | Method of manufacturing cathode-ray tubes |
US3204326A (en) * | 1960-12-19 | 1965-09-07 | American Optical Corp | Multi-element energy-conducting structures and method of making the same |
US3370874A (en) * | 1966-07-21 | 1968-02-27 | Isotronics Inc | Hermetic metal-to-glass seal and application thereof |
US3657076A (en) * | 1970-12-17 | 1972-04-18 | Us Army | Method of bonding quartz to metal |
US4029897A (en) * | 1975-08-07 | 1977-06-14 | Quality Hermetics Limited | Glass seal |
US4128697A (en) * | 1977-04-22 | 1978-12-05 | Corning Glass Works | Hermetic glass-metal compression seal |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE577794C (en) * | 1928-05-01 | 1933-06-03 | Johannes Nienhold | Method for melting down electrode bushings |
-
1938
- 1938-07-11 DE DET2843D patent/DE897454C/en not_active Expired
-
1939
- 1939-06-01 US US276928A patent/US2338538A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1939-07-11 NL NL94270A patent/NL57479C/xx active
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2511914A (en) * | 1950-06-20 | Method of and apparatus for fabri | ||
US2784532A (en) * | 1946-06-21 | 1957-03-12 | Itt | Method for making electrical terminals |
US2515337A (en) * | 1947-06-24 | 1950-07-18 | Bell Telephone Labor Inc | Metal to glass seal and method of producing same |
US2670572A (en) * | 1950-08-22 | 1954-03-02 | Firth Vickers Stainless Steels Ltd | Method of making glass-to-metal seals |
US2821811A (en) * | 1953-05-28 | 1958-02-04 | Philips Corp | Method of manufacturing cathode-ray tubes |
US3204326A (en) * | 1960-12-19 | 1965-09-07 | American Optical Corp | Multi-element energy-conducting structures and method of making the same |
US3370874A (en) * | 1966-07-21 | 1968-02-27 | Isotronics Inc | Hermetic metal-to-glass seal and application thereof |
US3657076A (en) * | 1970-12-17 | 1972-04-18 | Us Army | Method of bonding quartz to metal |
US4029897A (en) * | 1975-08-07 | 1977-06-14 | Quality Hermetics Limited | Glass seal |
US4128697A (en) * | 1977-04-22 | 1978-12-05 | Corning Glass Works | Hermetic glass-metal compression seal |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NL57479C (en) | 1944-09-15 |
DE897454C (en) | 1953-11-23 |
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