US2334230A - Goldbeater's foil - Google Patents
Goldbeater's foil Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2334230A US2334230A US301796A US30179639A US2334230A US 2334230 A US2334230 A US 2334230A US 301796 A US301796 A US 301796A US 30179639 A US30179639 A US 30179639A US 2334230 A US2334230 A US 2334230A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- cellulose acetate
- beating
- squares
- plasticizer
- foil
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 title description 14
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 15
- 238000010009 beating Methods 0.000 description 14
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920000298 Cellophane Polymers 0.000 description 4
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241000381592 Senegalia polyacantha Species 0.000 description 3
- YSMRWXYRXBRSND-UHFFFAOYSA-N TOTP Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1OP(=O)(OC=1C(=CC=CC=1)C)OC1=CC=CC=C1C YSMRWXYRXBRSND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 244000223760 Cinnamomum zeylanicum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000015655 Crocus sativus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000124209 Crocus sativus Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000001856 Ethyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethyl cellulose Chemical compound CCOCC1OC(OC)C(OCC)C(OCC)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(OC)C(CO)O1 ZZSNKZQZMQGXPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000206672 Gelidium Species 0.000 description 1
- 229920001800 Shellac Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000016639 Syzygium aromaticum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000223014 Syzygium aromaticum Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010953 base metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000017803 cinnamon Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001249 ethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019325 ethyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108010059642 isinglass Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052627 muscovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000005498 phthalate group Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 235000020095 red wine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000013974 saffron Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004248 saffron Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004208 shellac Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZLGIYFNHBLSMPS-ATJNOEHPSA-N shellac Chemical compound OCCCCCC(O)C(O)CCCCCCCC(O)=O.C1C23[C@H](C(O)=O)CCC2[C@](C)(CO)[C@@H]1C(C(O)=O)=C[C@@H]3O ZLGIYFNHBLSMPS-ATJNOEHPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940113147 shellac Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000013874 shellac Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013599 spices Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 vinol chloride acetates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
- B29D7/00—Producing flat articles, e.g. films or sheets
- B29D7/01—Films or sheets
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/30—Foil or other thin sheet-metal making or treating
- Y10T29/301—Method
- Y10T29/303—Method with assembling or disassembling of a pack
- Y10T29/304—Using transitory solid cover material
Definitions
- goldbeaters skin is not smooth, is not of uniform thickness, stretches about 3 or 4% under beating, is not uniformly tough in all directions, tends to split, and is hygroscopic, wherefore the quality of the beaten and I have found that the plasticizer, if present in excess quantity, tends to adversely affect the lubricant used with the goldbeaters skin during the beating operation.
- a plasticizer such as tricresyl phosphate when used with the commercial cellulose acetate in quantities of between 8 to 10% gives the most satisfactory results.
- Other plasticizers or a plurality of plasticizers may also be found suitable; however, I prefer to keep the total percentage of plasticizer below 10%.
- foils may be brushed or otherwise provided with any of the lubricating or gut preparations commonly employed as coatings for goldbeaters skin, consisting essentially of isinglass, gum arable, shellac, and spices such as saffron, cinnamon, and cloves in red wine.
- the cellulose acetate foil may be used to advantage without such a coating.
- aluminum foils may be beaten with cellulose acetate foils without the use of any lubricating or "doctoring material.
- a'lubricant is preferable for goldbeating.
- a preferred lubricant is disclosed in my copending application entitled Goldbeaters lubricant, filed October 28, 1939, Serial No. 301,797.
- the use of the cellulose acetate as the goldbeaters skin wil reduce the beating time of the gold approximately as compared with the use of standard goldbeaters skin. Furthermore, beating with cellulose acetate foils gives the gold a very flat surface and a high initial burnishing. Inasmuch as the cellulose acetate with the 8 to 10% plasticizer will retain its elasticity under beating it can be immediately used for thin beating as it does not give or stretch. The gold will have a substantially flat and uniform thickness. The cellulose acetate foils can be obtained in a more uniform thickness than goldbeaters skin, will not stretch under use, and is non-splitting and uniformly tough in all directions.
- the cellulose acetate is extremely cheap, is devoid of fat so that the foils can immediately be employed for mold beating, and is non-hygroscopic.
- plasticizer or softener used should be calculated or determined to :obtain a predetermined plasticity which will not permit the foil to permanently stretch under the hammer beating and produce a bulged center.
- a metal beating packet comprising layers of material adapted to receive metal foils therebetween, said material comprising cellulose acetate and tricresyl phosphate plasticizer, the thickness of the layers being from .008 to .030 inch.
- a metal beating. packet comprising layers of material adapted to receive metal foils therebetween, said material comprising cellulose acetate and tricresyl phosphate plasticizer, the percentage of plasticizer being below 10 per cent, the thickness of the layers being from .008 to .030 inch.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Footwear And Its Accessory, Manufacturing Method And Apparatuses (AREA)
Description
Patented Nov. 16, 1943 GOLDBEATERS FOIL Donald D}. Swift, Hartford, 001111., assignor to M.
Swift & Sons, Inc, a corporation of Gon-nectiout No Drawing.
Application =Octob'er 28, 1939, Serial No. 301,796
3 Claims. (01. 29-11) 1 I Mypresent 'inventi on nel'ate's to the goldbeaters art and more particularly to an improved goldbea't'er s foil.
When gold or other precious base metal is beaten into metallic sheets, it is first rolled into a ribbon, the usual thickness of the ribbon being about 4 of an inch. This ribbon is cut into squares approximately 1 inches in width and the squares are filmed between membranes known as cutch paper, the trade name for a special paper made from ground animal hide. After the squares have been filmed between these papers, the resulting packet is beaten until the initial squares have spread to the full size of the cutch paper, about four inches in width. These expanded squares of metal are removed from the paper squares and are quartered, and the quartered squares are in turn filmed between membranes known as the goldbeaters skin to provide a packet form which is again beaten, each square now spreading to a diameter of about inches. These squares are again quartered and the process is repeated until the quartered squares become approximately six inches in diameter, the shape being somewhat irregular. These squares are preferably againquartered, filmed and beaten. Specially prepared membranes of animal origin are used for this purpose, these membranes being very expensive, and having certain recognized disadvantages in use, the principal disadvantage resulting from an unavoidable retention of fat content in the course of their preparation; the fat content makes their direct use for thin (shoder or mold) beating inadvisable, and they are therefore first used for thick (cutch) beating before they can be effectively used for thin beating. Furthermore, goldbeaters skin is not smooth, is not of uniform thickness, stretches about 3 or 4% under beating, is not uniformly tough in all directions, tends to split, and is hygroscopic, wherefore the quality of the beaten and I have found that the plasticizer, if present in excess quantity, tends to adversely affect the lubricant used with the goldbeaters skin during the beating operation. Inasmuch as a plasticizer is essential, I have discovered that a plasticizer such as tricresyl phosphate when used with the commercial cellulose acetate in quantities of between 8 to 10% gives the most satisfactory results. Other plasticizers or a plurality of plasticizers may also be found suitable; however, I prefer to keep the total percentage of plasticizer below 10%.
These foils, if desired, may be brushed or otherwise provided with any of the lubricating or gut preparations commonly employed as coatings for goldbeaters skin, consisting essentially of isinglass, gum arable, shellac, and spices such as saffron, cinnamon, and cloves in red wine. However, the cellulose acetate foil may be used to advantage without such a coating. For example, I have found that aluminum foils may be beaten with cellulose acetate foils without the use of any lubricating or "doctoring material. On the other hand, for best results, -I have found that a'lubricant is preferable for goldbeating. A preferred lubricant is disclosed in my copending application entitled Goldbeaters lubricant, filed October 28, 1939, Serial No. 301,797.
I have found that the use of the cellulose acetate as the goldbeaters skin wil reduce the beating time of the gold approximately as compared with the use of standard goldbeaters skin. Furthermore, beating with cellulose acetate foils gives the gold a very flat surface and a high initial burnishing. Inasmuch as the cellulose acetate with the 8 to 10% plasticizer will retain its elasticity under beating it can be immediately used for thin beating as it does not give or stretch. The gold will have a substantially flat and uniform thickness. The cellulose acetate foils can be obtained in a more uniform thickness than goldbeaters skin, will not stretch under use, and is non-splitting and uniformly tough in all directions.
Furthermore, the cellulose acetate is extremely cheap, is devoid of fat so that the foils can immediately be employed for mold beating, and is non-hygroscopic.
The durability of these new foils, that is their resistance to hammer blows, is superior to that of goldbeaters skin, and far superior to other substitutes that have been utilized such as Cellophane and the like. For example, I have found that Cellophane is hygroscopic in character and will crack if dehydrated. Therefore, the applica tion of a lubricant on Cellophane causes moisture in the Cellophane to affect the lubricant, or vice versa, and thus give indeterminate results. cellulose acetate with approximately 8% plasticizer will retain its elasticity under constant beating,-Ce11ophane and heavily plasticized cellulose acetate does not do so. Cellulose acetate also provides a bettersurface finish thanCellophane because of inherent surface conditions imposed during the process of manufacture, the cellulose acetate being made on highly polished rolls.
Although cellulose acetate has been found preferable for the above described use, due to its While I from .008 to .030 inch.
physical characteristics and its'low cost, other chemical compositions of similar physical nature may also be used, examples being ethyl cellulose, cellulose nitrates, styrene resins, methyl methacrylate resins, vinol chloride acetates, and phthalates such as propyl and methyl. The amount of plasticizer or softener used should be calculated or determined to :obtain a predetermined plasticity which will not permit the foil to permanently stretch under the hammer beating and produce a bulged center.
While I have described a specific material for 2. A metal beating packet comprising layers of material adapted to receive metal foils therebetween, said material comprising cellulose acetate and tricresyl phosphate plasticizer, the thickness of the layers being from .008 to .030 inch.
'3. A metal beating. packet comprising layers of material adapted to receive metal foils therebetween, said material comprising cellulose acetate and tricresyl phosphate plasticizer, the percentage of plasticizer being below 10 per cent, the thickness of the layers being from .008 to .030 inch.
DONALD D. SWIFT.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US301796A US2334230A (en) | 1939-10-28 | 1939-10-28 | Goldbeater's foil |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US301796A US2334230A (en) | 1939-10-28 | 1939-10-28 | Goldbeater's foil |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US2334230A true US2334230A (en) | 1943-11-16 |
Family
ID=23164916
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US301796A Expired - Lifetime US2334230A (en) | 1939-10-28 | 1939-10-28 | Goldbeater's foil |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US2334230A (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4735669A (en) * | 1985-07-11 | 1988-04-05 | Reynolds Metals Company | Rolling of metallic foil and plastics resin film laminates |
-
1939
- 1939-10-28 US US301796A patent/US2334230A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4735669A (en) * | 1985-07-11 | 1988-04-05 | Reynolds Metals Company | Rolling of metallic foil and plastics resin film laminates |
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