US2332116A - Incandescent electric lamp and basing cement - Google Patents

Incandescent electric lamp and basing cement Download PDF

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Publication number
US2332116A
US2332116A US391639A US39163941A US2332116A US 2332116 A US2332116 A US 2332116A US 391639 A US391639 A US 391639A US 39163941 A US39163941 A US 39163941A US 2332116 A US2332116 A US 2332116A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
cement
lamps
lamp
series
basing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US391639A
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English (en)
Inventor
Schmid Edward Robert
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Westinghouse Electric Corp
Original Assignee
Westinghouse Electric Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Westinghouse Electric Corp filed Critical Westinghouse Electric Corp
Priority to US391639A priority Critical patent/US2332116A/en
Priority to BE444105D priority patent/BE444105A/xx
Priority to FR878382D priority patent/FR878382A/fr
Priority to NL105501A priority patent/NL60062C/xx
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2332116A publication Critical patent/US2332116A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01K—ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS
    • H01K1/00—Details
    • H01K1/62—One or more circuit elements structurally associated with the lamp
    • H01K1/70—One or more circuit elements structurally associated with the lamp with built-in short-circuiting device, e.g. for serially connected lamps
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/02—Elements
    • C08K3/08—Metals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01K—ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS
    • H01K1/00—Details
    • H01K1/28—Envelopes; Vessels
    • H01K1/32—Envelopes; Vessels provided with coatings on the walls; Vessels or coatings thereon characterised by the material thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01K—ELECTRIC INCANDESCENT LAMPS
    • H01K1/00—Details
    • H01K1/60—Means structurally associated with the lamp for indicating defects or previous use

Definitions

  • This invention relates to incandescent electric lamps normally operated in series, and more particularly to a lamp having means incorporated therewith for permitting current to bypass upon failure of its tinguishment of a lamp or lamps with.
  • the principal object of my invention is to provide an incandescent electric lamp of the series type, such as may be filament, thereby avoiding exin series there used for Christmas tree decoration, and incor-' porating therein a basing cement which automatically becomes conducting only upon an increase in the voltage normally applicable thereto, as upon failure of the lamp filament when operating in series with another or other lamps, thereby preventing said other or others from extinguishment.
  • Another object of my invention is the provision of a cheap series Christmas tree lamp, comprising a, bulb with a base secured thereto by cement which normally functions as an in-- sulator, but which is adapted to bypass current upon failure of the lamp filament and thereby prevent extinguishment of other lamps in series therewith.
  • a further object of my invention is the provision of a double-function basing cement or one which normally serves only as means for securing the base to, the bulb of a series lamp, but which upon an increase in the applied voltage, as when the filament fails during operation in series with other devices, becomes, conducting and bypasses current directly between external portions tinguishment of said associated devices.
  • a still further object of my invention is the provision of a basing cement for incandescent electric lamps which is an insulator for practical purposes at low or normal voltages and a conductor of substantial current at higher or abnormal voltages.
  • I provide a form of lamp ill of the series type, such as shown in the drawing, comprising a bulb Ii and a conductive base shell l2, desirably formed of brass, enclosing and secured to a portion 22 of said bulb by cement i3. 4
  • the lamp illustrated is one of the type generally used for Christmas tree decoration and may be burned in series with seven other similar lamps from a domestic lighting circuit of 110-120 volts, although I do not wish to be limited'to this, as more, such as twenty, or less may be connected in series.
  • the lamp in accordance with my invention, is so constructed that if the filament M breaks or burns out, the other lamps of the series continue to operate by virtue of the cement it becoming substantially conductive.
  • such cement comprises an insulating binder, such as shellac, Durite (which is a phenol furfural condensate, much like Bakelite) or Bakelite,
  • a filler of finely divided conducting material such as aluminum, iron, galena or graphite, and a solvent such as alcohol to make a paste.
  • the cement is produced by replacing the usual inert filler materials, such as marble flour, ground mineral barytes, titanium oxide and the like by graded 5 finely-divided particles of conductivefillers, such as those above mentioned, which have correct electrical breakdown characteristics.
  • inert filler materials such as marble flour, ground mineral barytes, titanium oxide and the like
  • graded 5 finely-divided particles of conductivefillers such as those above mentioned, which have correct electrical breakdown characteristics.
  • the basing cement is desirably prepared in the conventional manner and the baseis pre-filled and baked according to standard practice.
  • the special cement should maintain the circuit as the first two or three lamps burn out. If these burnouts are not properly replaced the remaining lamps will automatically burn out quicker than under normal conditions, the burn out time depending on the type of cement used. When the last lamp burns out, if one is-careless enough to let the string go that far, the circuit is opened within the cement by melting of a lead,
  • the conducting powder which is desirably aluminum, diluting it with definite percentages of inert fillers, such as mineral barytes, or by varying the ratio of cement resins to the conductive powder.
  • the cement body in addition only then i found possible to vary the cement to its function as a cementing medium to fasten the lamp bulb to the base, also serves as a conductor of electric current between the eyelet lead and the base shell under designed electrical conditions.
  • the rupture of the lamp filamentand the consequent increase in voltage is the usual condition under which the cement functions as a conductor.
  • the combination of conducting and nonconducting substances is so adjusted that the non-conducting film of oxide, for example, which may be on the aluminum powder, if such is used, is punctured when the voltageacross the cement medium is increased.
  • I may use resins, gums, glues, waxes, asphalts, or other organic or inorganic binders and adhesive media.
  • I may use the metals, the metal oxides or other metal compounds, such as galena, or nonmetallic substances, such as graphite.
  • the conductivity of the above materials in the cement mixture varies widely and many combinations are possible to obtain specially desired results.
  • Particle size of the filler or conductor exerts an effect, both to increase and decrease the breakdown voltage. With some materials, such as the metal oxides, breakdown voltage increases with particle size while with some metals a contrary effect is produced.
  • Electrically insulating materials such as marble dust, boric acid, or carbon dioxide producing compounds, may be added to increase the breakdown voltage or quench the are which might be formed.
  • Low melting point cement may be provided to interrupt the circuit.
  • Materials with arc-quenching properties may be employed to minimize fire hazards.
  • Some materials have sufiicient resistance, even when their insulating property has been overcome, to reduce the over-voltage on residual lamps and prevent charring of the coating when such lamps burn at over-voltage.
  • Breakdown voltages may be varied by choice of materials and their ratio in a combination.
  • the cement may have a high melting point in order to avoid the development of short circuits which may occur, as when thermoplastic binders in the cement soften slightly on continuous burning and reduce the space relation, as by a lead wire expanding toward the base.
  • Orange shellac as an example of thermoplastic resins
  • Aluminum powder as an example of metallic filler
  • Alcohol as an example of a solvent suflicient to form a workable paste or cement.
  • the aluminum used was manufactured by the Metals Disintegrating Company process, as distinguished from flake aluminum.
  • Aluminum represents a type of metal powder characterized by having a thin non-conducting oxide layer on each conducting metal particle. When this oxide Formu la No. 2
  • Durite resin as an example of thermosettirig resin
  • Aluminum powder about 75 Alcohol-suflicient to form a workable paste or cement.
  • Galena is a filler which prevents arcing through the base shell when a thermosetting resin is used. Best results have been obtained from 325 mesh galena.
  • the galena For ten parts of "Durlte, the galena must be held to 55 plus or minus 5 parts (551-5 parts) to give satisfactory performance, above 60 parts, too many lamps short through the base before filament failure, while below 50 parts, too many lamps fail to function as their filaments burn out.
  • the preferably tungsten filament I4 is, in the present embodiment, supported upon a mount i5, comprising lead-in conductors l6 and I1, passing through a glass bead l8, and with their inner ends secured to the ends of the filament, as indicated at l9 and 2
  • the opposite ends of the conductors l6 and I! pass through the portion 22 of the bulb which is embedded in the basing cement I3.
  • the lead I! passes through said cement and is secured, as by soldering, to the preferably brass base shell l2, as indicated at 23.
  • the other lead is passes through the portion 22 of the lamp bulb assarie into the basing cement I3 and from there continues to the base eyelet 24, insulated from the conducting or brass shell I2 by means 25, such as a customary black glass.
  • An incandescent electric lamp comprisin a bulb, a mount with a filament disposed in said bulb and leads projecting therefrom, a base receiving a portion of said bulb and including a conductive shell and a contact member insulated therefrom, one of said leads being connected to said contact member and the other to said shell, and basing cement disposed between the peripheral portion of said shell and the received portion of said bulb for securing said parts together, said cement enveloping portions of.
  • said leads comprising a mixture of 25 parts by weight of a thermo-setting phenol furfural resin, about '75 parts by weight of 300 mesh aluminum powder, and alcohol sufficient to form a workable paste.
  • a basing cement comprising 25.partsby weight of a theme-setting phenol furfurai resin, about 75 parts by weight of 300 mesh aluminum powder, and enough alcohol to make a workable paste.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
US391639A 1941-05-03 1941-05-03 Incandescent electric lamp and basing cement Expired - Lifetime US2332116A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US391639A US2332116A (en) 1941-05-03 1941-05-03 Incandescent electric lamp and basing cement
BE444105D BE444105A (is") 1941-05-03 1942-01-09
FR878382D FR878382A (fr) 1941-05-03 1942-01-10 Perfectionnements aux lampes électriques à incandescence
NL105501A NL60062C (is") 1941-05-03 1942-04-08

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US391639A US2332116A (en) 1941-05-03 1941-05-03 Incandescent electric lamp and basing cement

Publications (1)

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US2332116A true US2332116A (en) 1943-10-19

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US391639A Expired - Lifetime US2332116A (en) 1941-05-03 1941-05-03 Incandescent electric lamp and basing cement

Country Status (4)

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US (1) US2332116A (is")
BE (1) BE444105A (is")
FR (1) FR878382A (is")
NL (1) NL60062C (is")

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2538621A (en) * 1945-04-23 1951-01-16 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electrodynamic transducer and connector therefor
US2712533A (en) * 1950-10-23 1955-07-05 Borden Co Lamp basing cement containing sodium silicate-magnesium oxide bonding mixture
US2744988A (en) * 1952-02-07 1956-05-08 Sprague Electric Co Molded resistors
US2761849A (en) * 1950-12-27 1956-09-04 Myron A Coler Conductive plastic product
US2864782A (en) * 1955-06-30 1958-12-16 Borden Co Lamp basing cement containing boric acid and heat-curable formaldehyde condensation resin
DE1061467B (de) * 1956-12-22 1959-07-16 Gen Electric Abdichtung zwischen Laeufer und Gehaeuse eines Kreiselverdichters, bei der der Laeufer das noetige Spiel selbst aus der Dichtung herausschabt
US3876559A (en) * 1973-01-02 1975-04-08 Gen Electric Lamp basing cement
DE4334510A1 (de) * 1993-10-09 1994-02-24 Gluehlampenwerk Oberweisbach G Elektrische Glühlampe für Reihenschaltung
US5453664A (en) * 1994-02-01 1995-09-26 Harris; Geoffrey H. Light string with improved shunt system
US5624741A (en) * 1990-05-31 1997-04-29 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Interconnect structure having electrical conduction paths formable therein

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2538621A (en) * 1945-04-23 1951-01-16 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Electrodynamic transducer and connector therefor
US2712533A (en) * 1950-10-23 1955-07-05 Borden Co Lamp basing cement containing sodium silicate-magnesium oxide bonding mixture
US2761849A (en) * 1950-12-27 1956-09-04 Myron A Coler Conductive plastic product
US2744988A (en) * 1952-02-07 1956-05-08 Sprague Electric Co Molded resistors
US2864782A (en) * 1955-06-30 1958-12-16 Borden Co Lamp basing cement containing boric acid and heat-curable formaldehyde condensation resin
DE1061467B (de) * 1956-12-22 1959-07-16 Gen Electric Abdichtung zwischen Laeufer und Gehaeuse eines Kreiselverdichters, bei der der Laeufer das noetige Spiel selbst aus der Dichtung herausschabt
US3876559A (en) * 1973-01-02 1975-04-08 Gen Electric Lamp basing cement
US5624741A (en) * 1990-05-31 1997-04-29 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Interconnect structure having electrical conduction paths formable therein
DE4334510A1 (de) * 1993-10-09 1994-02-24 Gluehlampenwerk Oberweisbach G Elektrische Glühlampe für Reihenschaltung
US5453664A (en) * 1994-02-01 1995-09-26 Harris; Geoffrey H. Light string with improved shunt system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR878382A (fr) 1943-01-19
BE444105A (is") 1942-04-30
NL60062C (is") 1947-10-15

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