US2331005A - Stabilized extreme pressure lubricant - Google Patents
Stabilized extreme pressure lubricant Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2331005A US2331005A US424128A US42412841A US2331005A US 2331005 A US2331005 A US 2331005A US 424128 A US424128 A US 424128A US 42412841 A US42412841 A US 42412841A US 2331005 A US2331005 A US 2331005A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- extreme pressure
- lubricant
- product
- chlorine
- xanthate
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 title description 37
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 29
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 23
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 23
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 23
- GIWKOZXJDKMGQC-UHFFFAOYSA-L lead(2+);naphthalene-2-carboxylate Chemical compound [Pb+2].C1=CC=CC2=CC(C(=O)[O-])=CC=C21.C1=CC=CC2=CC(C(=O)[O-])=CC=C21 GIWKOZXJDKMGQC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 18
- ZOOODBUHSVUZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxymethanedithioic acid Chemical compound CCOC(S)=S ZOOODBUHSVUZEM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 17
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 16
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 11
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 10
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 239000012991 xanthate Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000010688 mineral lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 8
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 7
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 7
- 230000009972 noncorrosive effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 5
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000005609 naphthenate group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001338 aliphatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- JXLHNMVSKXFWAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N azane;7-fluoro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole-4-sulfonic acid Chemical compound N.OS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C2=NON=C12 JXLHNMVSKXFWAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 2
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadecanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QIQXTHQIDYTFRH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229940049964 oleate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JCBJVAJGLKENNC-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium ethyl xanthate Chemical compound [K+].CCOC([S-])=S JCBJVAJGLKENNC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BGPJLYIFDLICMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4,2,3-dioxadithiolan-5-one Chemical compound O=C1OSSO1 BGPJLYIFDLICMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Natural products CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000036366 Sensation of pressure Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HYJODZUSLXOFNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [S].[Cl] Chemical compound [S].[Cl] HYJODZUSLXOFNC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 alkyl xanthate Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
- 239000010775 animal oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001680 brushing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007705 chemical test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005660 chlorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000000706 filtrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 description 1
- WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N lead(0) Chemical compound [Pb] WABPQHHGFIMREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940059904 light mineral oil Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001510 metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 159000000001 potassium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013112 stability test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012989 trithiocarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- HIZCIEIDIFGZSS-UHFFFAOYSA-L trithiocarbonate Chemical compound [S-]C([S-])=S HIZCIEIDIFGZSS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M1/00—Liquid compositions essentially based on mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils; Their use as lubricants
- C10M1/08—Liquid compositions essentially based on mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils; Their use as lubricants with additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/129—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of thirty or more carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/16—Naphthenic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/40—Fatty vegetable or animal oils
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/40—Fatty vegetable or animal oils
- C10M2207/404—Fatty vegetable or animal oils obtained from genetically modified species
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
- C10M2219/044—Sulfonic acids, Derivatives thereof, e.g. neutral salts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/06—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof
- C10M2219/062—Thio-acids; Thiocyanates; Derivatives thereof having carbon-to-sulfur double bonds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/02—Groups 1 or 11
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/04—Groups 2 or 12
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/08—Groups 4 or 14
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/12—Groups 6 or 16
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/14—Group 7
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
- C10N2010/16—Groups 8, 9, or 10
Definitions
- Extreme pressure lubricant bases of the type shown in the aforesaidpatents may be broadly designated as chloraliphatic thiocarbonates, a specifically preferred product of which is designated chlornaphtha xanthate and is obtained by reaction of a chlorinated petroleum naphtha with an alkali alkyl xanthate.
- Lubricants containing these extremepressure agents are'for normal extreme pressure uses highly effective and quite satisfactory. It has been found, however, that under abnormally high operating temperature conditions-in excess of 225 F.there is a pronounced 'tendency for the lubricant to form undesirable deposits of black sludge.
- the present invention is predicated on the surprising discovery that extreme pressure lubricants of the aforesaid typema-y be stabilized against the formation of undesirable deposits of sludge by incorporating therein minor proportions of heavy metal soaps, such as lead naphthenate.
- heavy metal soaps such as lead naphthenate.
- Typical heavy metal soaps contemplated herein are those wherein the heavy metal is lead; coppenzinc, iron, chromium, manganese, etc., and the organic-soaplike radical may be naphthenate, sulphonate, oleate, stearate, etc.
- lead naphthenate and other heavy metal soaps have been used alone in extreme pressure lubricants; It has also been proposed in the prior art to use lead naphthenate in combination with extreme pres sure bases of the active sulphur type to inhibit corrosion, etc.
- lead naphthenate is added to extreme pressure lubricants of the latter type to reduce corrosion induced by the active sulphur type of extreme pressure agent, especially that corrosion which would be produced in the presence of water.
- lubricants containing the chlornaphtha-xanthate type of extreme pressure base are especially non-corrosive, whether dry or wet; and
- hydrochloric acid isformed by the cracking of the sulphurand chlorine-containing extreme pressure lubricant at abnormally high-opcrating temperatures, andthis acid is removed by reaction with the heavy metal soap,
- the metal chloride formed in the aforesaid reaction has a gentle polishing action which aids in keeping the gear parts free from deposits.
- the gear train was driven by a 2 horsepower motor connected to an extended shaft from one of the spur gears, providing a speed of 1800 R. P. M. for the high speed and 536 R. P. M. for the low speed shafts of the test units.
- a tooth load was applied to the spiral gears by means of a static thrust with one end of the high speed shaft in one of the test units. With the rigid coupling of the units in the square, this load or tooth pressure was transmitted in approximately the same amount to all gears in the train including the second testunit.
- the thrust loading device consisted essentially of a lever system with weights, and a thrust bearing mounted at the end of the unit shaft. Its most important feature was the fact that the load could be appliedor adjusted for the desired temperature while the machine was in operation.
- the units were set up in the machine for a run. After the test oils had been charged to each of the two test units, the machine was started with no load. The beginning of the test was recorded when the first weights were hung on the loading lever. Additional load was applied gradually to bring the oil temperatures up to 300 F. in from 1 to 1% hours after starting the test. The testing period included this time for warming up.
- thermostatically-operated heat lamps were directed on the sides of the test units, one lamp on each unit.
- the chlornaptha xanthate reaction products used as extreme pressure bases in the tests were obtained by following the general procedure described in U. S. Patents 2,153,495 and 2,153,496 referred to above.
- Preparation of a typical reaction product consists essentially of first chlorinating a petroleum naphtha, a predominantly aliphatic material containing from about five to about carbon atoms, until it contains about 50% to 55% by weight of chlorine. Two hundred parts of this product were dissolved in about 500 parts of a relatively low boiling solvent, as, for example, acetone, and placed in a reaction vessel heated by a water jacket and equipped with stirrer and reflux condenser.
- a relatively low boiling solvent as, for example, acetone
- a mineral oil base of Saybolt Universal Viscosity of 95 secs. at 210 F., having incorporated therein 10% of a chlornaphtha-xanthate reaction product (chlorine content about 23% and sulphur content about 11%) was subjected to the foregoing test for 25 hours. At the end of the test, the unit had a light coating of black lacquer over most of the interior and parts, and a considerable amount of soft sludge was found in the bottom of the oil base.
- the same mineral oil composition with 5% of lead naphthenate subjected to the same test for 25 hours illustrated the surprising superiority of our combination, for the rollers of the bearings were very bright, and no other residue than a. gray powder was deposited on the parts.
- the relative amounts of chlorine and sulphur, or, more specifically, of chlorine and thiocarbonate characterizing groups, in the extreme pressure bases in combination with heavy metal soaps as contemplated by the present invention may be varied over a relatively wide range.
- the reaction product should preferably be one which contains from about 25% to 40% chlorine and from about 7% to 15% sulphur.
- Expressing the sulphur content as the equivalent amount of characterizing thiocarbonate groups present in the product these preferred products are more accurately identified as containing fromv about 10% to about 22% characterizing dithiocarbonate or xanthate (divalent OCSz) groups or from about 7% to about 17% characterizing trithiocarbonate (divalent CS3) groups.
- the characterizing thiocarbonate-' group-content is about 22%.
- the heavy metal soaps contemplated by this invention are those formed from the heavy metals-lead, copper, zinc, iron, chromium, manganese, etc., and such organicsoaplike radicals as naphthenate, sulphonate, oleate, stearate, etc.
- mineral lubricating oil is preferred as the carrying medium. It is our intention, however, to include within the scope of this invention other carrying media, such as animal oils, vegetable oils, and light mineral oil distillates, in which these extreme pressure agents and heavy metal soaps may be dispersed With substantial permanence either as true solupreferably from about 7% to tions or as colloidal suspensions.
- concentration of the ingredients used in the suspending or carrying medium may be varied, depending upon the conditions of use, the carrying medium, etc.
- theconcentration of the sulphurand chlorine-containing materials contemplated herein may be said to range from 1% to 20%; and the heavy metal soaps to substantially retard the deposition of sludge, etc., under operating temperatures in excess of 225 F., in general may range from about 0.5% to about We claim:
- a lubricant product for use where high unit pressures are combined with high rubbing speeds and high operating temperatures consisting of a mineral lubricating oil having in admixture therewith: a minor proportion, suflicient to impart extreme pressure characteristics to said lubricant product, of a substantially non-corrosive product obtained by chemically substituting a part only of the chlorine in a chlorinated aliphatic material containing from about five to about fifteen carbon atoms with a thiocarbonate group; and a minor proportion, sufficient to sub-. stantially retard sludging at operating temperatures in excess of 225 F., of a heavy metal soap.
- a lubricant product for use where high unit pressures are combined with high rubbing speeds and high operating temperatures consisting of a mineral lubricating oil having in admixture therewith: a minor proportion, sufficient to impart extreme pressure characteristics to said lubricant product, of a substantially non-corrosive product obtained by substituting a part only of the chlorine in a chlorinated aliphatic material containing from about five to about fifteen carbon atoms with a xanthate group; and a minor proportion, sufficient to substantially retard sludging at operating temperatures in excess of 225 F., of heavy metal soap.
- a lubricant product for use where high unit pressures are combined with high rubbing speeds and high operating temperatures consisting of a mineral lubricating oil having in admixture therewith: a minor proportion, sufficient to impart extreme pressure characteristics to said lubricant product, of a substantially non-corrosive product obtained by substituting a part only. of the chlorine in a chlorinated aliphatic material containing from about five to about fifteen carbon atoms with a xanthate group; and a minor proportion, sufiicient to substantially retard sludging at operating temperatures in excess of 225 F., of a lead soap.
- a lubricant product for use where high unit pressures are combined with high rubbing speeds and high operating temperatures consisting of a mineral lubricating oil having in admixture therewith: a minor proportion sufllcient to impart extreme pressure characteristics to said lubricant product, of a substantially non-corrosive chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon having from about 5 to about 15 carbon atoms in which a part only of the chlorine has been chemically substituted with a xanthate group, said product having a chlorine content of from about 25% to about and a characterizing xanthate group content of from about 10% to about 22%; and a minor proportion, sufficient to substantially retard sludging at operating temperatures in excess of 225 F., of lead naphthenate.
- a lubricant product for use where high unit pressures are combined with high rubbing speeds and high operating temperatures consisting of a mineral lubricating oil having in admixture therewith: a minor proportion suificient to impart extreme pressure characteristics to said lubricant product, of a substantially non-corrosive chlorinated petroleum naphtha in which a part only of the chlorine has been chemically substituted with an alkyl xanthate group, said product having a chlorine content of from about 25% to about 40% and a characterizing xanthate group content of from about 10% to about 22%; and a minor proportion, sufiicient to substantially retard sludging at operating temperatures in excess of 225 F., of lead naphthenate.
- a lubricant product for use where high unit pressures are combined with high rubbing speeds and high operating temperatures consisting of a mineral lubricating oil having in admixture therewith: from about 1% to about 20% of a chlorinated petroleum naphtha in which part of the chlorine has been chemically substituted with an alkyl xanthate group, said product having a chlorine content of from about 25% to about 40% and a characterizing xanthate group content of from about 10% to about 22%; and a minor proportion of from about 0.5% to about 10% of lead naphthenate.
- a lubricant product for use where high unit pressures are combined with high rubbing speeds and high operating temperatures consisting of a mineral lubricating oil having in admixture therewith: a minor proportion, sufiicient to impart extreme pressure characteristics to said lubricant product,-of a. chlorinated petroleum naphtha in which apart only of the chlorine has been chemically substituted with an alkyl xanthate group, said product having a chlorine content of from about 25% to about 40% and a characterizing xanthate group content of from about 10% to about 22%; and a minor proportion of lead naphthenate sufficient in amount to substantially retard sludging at operating temperatures in excess of 225 F.
- a lubricant product for use where high unit pressures are combined with high rubbing speeds and highoperating temperatures consisting of a mineral lubricating oil having in admixture therewith: a minor proportion, sufilcient to impart extreme pressure characteristics to said lu-- bricant product, of a substantially non-corrosive product obtained by chemically substituting a part only of the chlorine in a chlorinated aliphatic material containing from about five to about fifteen carbon atoms with a thio-carbonate group; and a minor proportion of a heavy metal soap sufilcient in amount to substantially retard sludging at operating temperatures in excess of 225 F.
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Description
Patented Oct. 5, 1943 STABILIZED EXTREME PRESSURE LUBRICANT Bertrand W. Story, Wenonah, and Francis M.
Seger, Pitman, N. L,
um Oil Company, Incorporated, New N. Y a corporation of New York assignors to Socony-Vacu- York,
No Drawing. Application December 23, 1941, Serial No. 424,128
9 Claims. (01. 252-35) This invention has to do with the art of extreme pressure lubrication and contemplates the development of extreme pressure lubricants of improved stability under abnormally high More speoperating temperature conditions. ciflcally, 'this invention is concerned with the improvement of. extreme pressure lubricants of the type described in U. S. Patents Nos. 2,153,- 495 and 2,153,496. Extreme pressure agents described therein are reaction products obtained by replacing part of the chlorine in a polychlorinated aliphatic material or a polychlorinated material of predominately aliphatic nature, with a thiocarbonate group. Extreme pressure lubricant bases of the type shown in the aforesaidpatents may be broadly designated as chloraliphatic thiocarbonates, a specifically preferred product of which is designated chlornaphtha xanthate and is obtained by reaction of a chlorinated petroleum naphtha with an alkali alkyl xanthate. Lubricants containing these extremepressure agents are'for normal extreme pressure uses highly effective and quite satisfactory. It has been found, however, that under abnormally high operating temperature conditions-in excess of 225 F.there is a pronounced 'tendency for the lubricant to form undesirable deposits of black sludge.
The present invention is predicated on the surprising discovery that extreme pressure lubricants of the aforesaid typema-y be stabilized against the formation of undesirable deposits of sludge by incorporating therein minor proportions of heavy metal soaps, such as lead naphthenate. Typical heavy metal soaps contemplated herein are those wherein the heavy metal is lead; coppenzinc, iron, chromium, manganese, etc., and the organic-soaplike radical may be naphthenate, sulphonate, oleate, stearate, etc.
We are aware 'of the fact that lead naphthenate and other heavy metal soaps have been used alone in extreme pressure lubricants; It has also been proposed in the prior art to use lead naphthenate in combination with extreme pres sure bases of the active sulphur type to inhibit corrosion, etc. For example, lead naphthenate is added to extreme pressure lubricants of the latter type to reduce corrosion induced by the active sulphur type of extreme pressure agent, especially that corrosion which would be produced in the presence of water. However, lubricants containing the chlornaphtha-xanthate type of extreme pressure base, the improvement of which is contemplated herein, are especially non-corrosive, whether dry or wet; and
in lead naphthenate adds nothing to their stability in this regard.
Combination of the particular E. P. base of the chloraliphatic thiocarbonate type and lead metal soap such as lead naphthenate distin-,
guishes-over the lead soap-active sulphur extreme pressure lubricants of the prior art, in the manner in which the "two particular" types of additives cooperate at abnormally high operating temperatures to give improved results. The customary physical and chemical tests of our lubricant containing lead naphthenate are not appreciably altered from those of a lubricant in which the metal soap is absent, but there is a pronounced change in service characteristics. The lubricant which does not contain lead naphthenate will deposit a film of black material ranging from a sticky varnish to a granular sediment on the parts of a test gear set when the operating temperature is maintained at about 300 F. The same lubricant containing our sulphurchlorine material and lead naphthenate, when used under the same conditions, will leave the gears bright and clean. The magnitude of this improvement is dependent upon the amount of heavy metal soap present in the lubricant containing the chloraliphatic thiocarbonate or chlornaphtha xanthate extreme pressure base and upon the operating conditions, length of time, temperature maintained, etc. In all cases, however where abnormally high temperatures are encountered the metal soap substantially retards the sludging tendencies oi the lubricant containing the aforesaid sulphur-chlorine, extreme pressure agent without affecting, positively or negatively, the corrosiveness of the lubricant.
Although the nature of this action is not fully understood, we believe that the improvement is eflected by the combination of two actions:
(1) hydrochloric acid isformed by the cracking of the sulphurand chlorine-containing extreme pressure lubricant at abnormally high-opcrating temperatures, andthis acid is removed by reaction with the heavy metal soap,
(2) the metal chloride formed in the aforesaid reaction has a gentle polishing action which aids in keeping the gear parts free from deposits.
' naphthenate and a chlornaphtha xanthate reaction product was compared with lubricant compositions containing onlythechlornaphtha xanthate, by means of the four-square stability test in a machine designed specifically for this work. The machine and test are described by the following:
The tests were conducted in two Boston type TA gear reducer units equipped with steel spiral gears of and 32 teeth respectively, in each unit. The low speed shafts of these units were coupled together while the high speed shafts were connected to each of two spur gears of equal size, meshing with each other and mounted in a third gear box unit. With this arrangement a ,gear train square.was formed.
The gear train was driven by a 2 horsepower motor connected to an extended shaft from one of the spur gears, providing a speed of 1800 R. P. M. for the high speed and 536 R. P. M. for the low speed shafts of the test units.
In order to develop a test oil temperature of 300 F., a tooth load was applied to the spiral gears by means of a static thrust with one end of the high speed shaft in one of the test units. With the rigid coupling of the units in the square, this load or tooth pressure was transmitted in approximately the same amount to all gears in the train including the second testunit. The thrust loading device consisted essentially of a lever system with weights, and a thrust bearing mounted at the end of the unit shaft. Its most important feature was the fact that the load could be appliedor adjusted for the desired temperature while the machine was in operation.
After thorough cleaning with solvents and wire brushing, the units were set up in the machine for a run. After the test oils had been charged to each of the two test units, the machine was started with no load. The beginning of the test was recorded when the first weights were hung on the loading lever. Additional load was applied gradually to bring the oil temperatures up to 300 F. in from 1 to 1% hours after starting the test. The testing period included this time for warming up.
In order to furnish semi-automatic temperature control of the oil, thermostatically-operated heat lamps were directed on the sides of the test units, one lamp on each unit.
The chlornaptha xanthate reaction products used as extreme pressure bases in the tests were obtained by following the general procedure described in U. S. Patents 2,153,495 and 2,153,496 referred to above. Preparation of a typical reaction product consists essentially of first chlorinating a petroleum naphtha, a predominantly aliphatic material containing from about five to about carbon atoms, until it contains about 50% to 55% by weight of chlorine. Two hundred parts of this product were dissolved in about 500 parts of a relatively low boiling solvent, as, for example, acetone, and placed in a reaction vessel heated by a water jacket and equipped with stirrer and reflux condenser. parts of potassium xanthate were added, and the mixture held at the boiling temperature, with stirring, under reflux, for about two hours. The resulting mixture was cooled to room temperature, filtered, and the filtrate subjected to distillation to remove the acetone. After removal of acetone, the product was washed to remove potassium salts, dried, and filtered. The finished reaction product was a dark brown liquid, containing about 12% of sulphur and about 37% of chlorine. About 250 parts of product were recovered. Variation in sulphur and chlorine content can be obtained by varying the degree of chlorination of the naphtha and by varying the amount of potassium xanthate used, to give a group of xanthochlornaphthas of wide varying compositions. The nature of the light aliphatic hydrocarbon my also be varied, as well as the solvent,'which may be ethyl or methyl alcohol, methyl ethyl ketone, or the like.
A mineral oil base, of Saybolt Universal Viscosity of 95 secs. at 210 F., having incorporated therein 10% of a chlornaphtha-xanthate reaction product (chlorine content about 23% and sulphur content about 11%) was subjected to the foregoing test for 25 hours. At the end of the test, the unit had a light coating of black lacquer over most of the interior and parts, and a considerable amount of soft sludge was found in the bottom of the oil base. The same mineral oil composition with 5% of lead naphthenate subjected to the same test for 25 hours illustrated the surprising superiority of our combination, for the rollers of the bearings were very bright, and no other residue than a. gray powder was deposited on the parts.
Similarly comparative tests of 25 hours were run on one mineral oil composition comprised of a hypoid lubricant of Saybolt UniversalViscosity of 90 sees. and 10% of a chlornaphtha-xanthate reaction product (chlorine content about 32% and sulphur content about 11%); and on Then about 120 the same mineral oil composition having added thereto about 3% of leadnaphthenate. The oil composition without lead naphthenate gave a moderate soft sludge deposit on the gear and bearings, and a slight to moderate deposit of granular material in the oil base. On the other hand, the oil composition with lead naphthenate gave only a black lacquer deposit on the gear and bearings, no soft sludge deposits and no granular material in the oil base.
The relative amounts of chlorine and sulphur, or, more specifically, of chlorine and thiocarbonate characterizing groups, in the extreme pressure bases in combination with heavy metal soaps as contemplated by the present invention, may be varied over a relatively wide range. In general, it may be said that the reaction product should preferably be one which contains from about 25% to 40% chlorine and from about 7% to 15% sulphur. Expressing the sulphur content as the equivalent amount of characterizing thiocarbonate groups present in the product, these preferred products are more accurately identified as containing fromv about 10% to about 22% characterizing dithiocarbonate or xanthate (divalent OCSz) groups or from about 7% to about 17% characterizing trithiocarbonate (divalent CS3) groups. For general purposes it may be said that the characterizing thiocarbonate-' group-content is about 22%.
And, as aforesaid, the heavy metal soaps contemplated by this invention are those formed from the heavy metals-lead, copper, zinc, iron, chromium, manganese, etc., and such organicsoaplike radicals as naphthenate, sulphonate, oleate, stearate, etc.
In compounding the lubricant compositions contemplated herein, mineral lubricating oil is preferred as the carrying medium. It is our intention, however, to include within the scope of this invention other carrying media, such as animal oils, vegetable oils, and light mineral oil distillates, in which these extreme pressure agents and heavy metal soaps may be dispersed With substantial permanence either as true solupreferably from about 7% to tions or as colloidal suspensions. The. concentration of the ingredients used in the suspending or carrying medium may be varied, depending upon the conditions of use, the carrying medium, etc. In general, theconcentration of the sulphurand chlorine-containing materials contemplated herein may be said to range from 1% to 20%; and the heavy metal soaps to substantially retard the deposition of sludge, etc., under operating temperatures in excess of 225 F., in general may range from about 0.5% to about We claim:
1. A lubricant product for use where high unit pressures are combined with high rubbing speeds and high operating temperatures, consisting of a mineral lubricating oil having in admixture therewith: a minor proportion, suflicient to impart extreme pressure characteristics to said lubricant product, of a substantially non-corrosive product obtained by chemically substituting a part only of the chlorine in a chlorinated aliphatic material containing from about five to about fifteen carbon atoms with a thiocarbonate group; and a minor proportion, sufficient to sub-. stantially retard sludging at operating temperatures in excess of 225 F., of a heavy metal soap.
2. A lubricant product for use where high unit pressures are combined with high rubbing speeds and high operating temperatures, consisting of a mineral lubricating oil having in admixture therewith: a minor proportion, sufficient to impart extreme pressure characteristics to said lubricant product, of a substantially non-corrosive product obtained by substituting a part only of the chlorine in a chlorinated aliphatic material containing from about five to about fifteen carbon atoms with a xanthate group; and a minor proportion, sufficient to substantially retard sludging at operating temperatures in excess of 225 F., of heavy metal soap.
3. A lubricant product for use where high unit pressures are combined with high rubbing speeds and high operating temperatures, consisting of a mineral lubricating oil having in admixture therewith: a minor proportion, sufficient to impart extreme pressure characteristics to said lubricant product, of a substantially non-corrosive product obtained by substituting a part only. of the chlorine in a chlorinated aliphatic material containing from about five to about fifteen carbon atoms with a xanthate group; and a minor proportion, sufiicient to substantially retard sludging at operating temperatures in excess of 225 F., of a lead soap.
carbon atoms with a xanthate group; and a minor proportion, suflicient to substantially retard sludging at operating temperatures in excess of 225 F., of lead naphthenate.
5. A lubricant product for use where high unit pressures are combined with high rubbing speeds and high operating temperatures, consisting of a mineral lubricating oil having in admixture therewith: a minor proportion sufllcient to impart extreme pressure characteristics to said lubricant product, of a substantially non-corrosive chlorinated aliphatic hydrocarbon having from about 5 to about 15 carbon atoms in which a part only of the chlorine has been chemically substituted with a xanthate group, said product having a chlorine content of from about 25% to about and a characterizing xanthate group content of from about 10% to about 22%; and a minor proportion, sufficient to substantially retard sludging at operating temperatures in excess of 225 F., of lead naphthenate.
6. A lubricant product for use where high unit pressures are combined with high rubbing speeds and high operating temperatures, consisting of a mineral lubricating oil having in admixture therewith: a minor proportion suificient to impart extreme pressure characteristics to said lubricant product, of a substantially non-corrosive chlorinated petroleum naphtha in which a part only of the chlorine has been chemically substituted with an alkyl xanthate group, said product having a chlorine content of from about 25% to about 40% and a characterizing xanthate group content of from about 10% to about 22%; and a minor proportion, sufiicient to substantially retard sludging at operating temperatures in excess of 225 F., of lead naphthenate.
'7. A lubricant product for use where high unit pressures are combined with high rubbing speeds and high operating temperatures, consisting of a mineral lubricating oil having in admixture therewith: from about 1% to about 20% of a chlorinated petroleum naphtha in which part of the chlorine has been chemically substituted with an alkyl xanthate group, said product having a chlorine content of from about 25% to about 40% and a characterizing xanthate group content of from about 10% to about 22%; and a minor proportion of from about 0.5% to about 10% of lead naphthenate.
8. A lubricant product for use where high unit pressures are combined with high rubbing speeds and high operating temperatures, consisting of a mineral lubricating oil having in admixture therewith: a minor proportion, sufiicient to impart extreme pressure characteristics to said lubricant product,-of a. chlorinated petroleum naphtha in which apart only of the chlorine has been chemically substituted with an alkyl xanthate group, said product having a chlorine content of from about 25% to about 40% and a characterizing xanthate group content of from about 10% to about 22%; and a minor proportion of lead naphthenate sufficient in amount to substantially retard sludging at operating temperatures in excess of 225 F.
9. A lubricant product for use where high unit pressures are combined with high rubbing speeds and highoperating temperatures, consisting of a mineral lubricating oil having in admixture therewith: a minor proportion, sufilcient to impart extreme pressure characteristics to said lu-- bricant product, of a substantially non-corrosive product obtained by chemically substituting a part only of the chlorine in a chlorinated aliphatic material containing from about five to about fifteen carbon atoms with a thio-carbonate group; and a minor proportion of a heavy metal soap sufilcient in amount to substantially retard sludging at operating temperatures in excess of 225 F.
BER'I'RAND W. STORY. FRANCIS M. SEGER.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US424128A US2331005A (en) | 1941-12-23 | 1941-12-23 | Stabilized extreme pressure lubricant |
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US424128A US2331005A (en) | 1941-12-23 | 1941-12-23 | Stabilized extreme pressure lubricant |
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US2331005A true US2331005A (en) | 1943-10-05 |
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US424128A Expired - Lifetime US2331005A (en) | 1941-12-23 | 1941-12-23 | Stabilized extreme pressure lubricant |
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Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2500152A (en) * | 1946-08-06 | 1950-03-14 | Cohen | Vulcanized dehydrochlorinated material |
US2562829A (en) * | 1949-07-28 | 1951-07-31 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Extreme pressure lubricant containing manganese napthenate as an antirust agent |
US2638445A (en) * | 1945-05-05 | 1953-05-12 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Sulfonated high molecular weight styrene-olefin copolymers |
US2850452A (en) * | 1954-06-28 | 1958-09-02 | Monsanto Chemicals | Lubricant |
US2900341A (en) * | 1956-01-25 | 1959-08-18 | Texaco Inc | Extreme pressure lubricant additive |
US2901431A (en) * | 1955-08-10 | 1959-08-25 | Shell Dev | Lubricating compositions |
US3505222A (en) * | 1967-03-29 | 1970-04-07 | Ethyl Corp | Lubricant compositions |
-
1941
- 1941-12-23 US US424128A patent/US2331005A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2638445A (en) * | 1945-05-05 | 1953-05-12 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Sulfonated high molecular weight styrene-olefin copolymers |
US2500152A (en) * | 1946-08-06 | 1950-03-14 | Cohen | Vulcanized dehydrochlorinated material |
US2562829A (en) * | 1949-07-28 | 1951-07-31 | Standard Oil Dev Co | Extreme pressure lubricant containing manganese napthenate as an antirust agent |
US2850452A (en) * | 1954-06-28 | 1958-09-02 | Monsanto Chemicals | Lubricant |
US2901431A (en) * | 1955-08-10 | 1959-08-25 | Shell Dev | Lubricating compositions |
US2900341A (en) * | 1956-01-25 | 1959-08-18 | Texaco Inc | Extreme pressure lubricant additive |
US3505222A (en) * | 1967-03-29 | 1970-04-07 | Ethyl Corp | Lubricant compositions |
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