US2327269A - Air compressor - Google Patents

Description

1943- s. E. JEssuP I 2,327,269

AIR COMPRESSOR Filed May 26, 1941 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 lNVENTOR.

Aug. 17, 1943. s. E. JESSUP 2,327,269

I AIR COMPRESSOR Filed May 26, 1941 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTOR.

SQ'ZZersZ Js 3 up Patented Aug. 17, 1943 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE AIR COIVLPRESSGR Sellers E. Jessup, Les Angeles, Calif. 7 Application May 26, 1941, Serial No..395,'162

5 Claims.

My invention relates to improvements in air compressors and more particularly to that class of fluid compressors which is generally although not exclusively employed for compressing air, gas and other fluids in the various arts. While it is desirable to reduce the initial cost of construction as much aspossible consistent with strength, durability and effectiveness, it is a major object of the invention to produce a maximumof fluid pressure with a minimum of power, thus tending towardjgreater economy and saving in expense of operation. Still further objects are greater eificiency, durability and simplicity. To these ends my invention comprises the features of construction and combination of parts hereinafter'described and claimed. 1 V 1n the drawings forming part of this specification, Fig. 1 is a vertical central section of my improved fluid compressor which is of reciprocae ble piston and cylinder type, the piston being shown as it approaches fully fluid compression position near the inner end of its compression stroke, the broken line position indicating the outermost position assumed by the piston and its actuated return check valve removed from the CompressomFig. 3 is a top plan ofthe fluid actuated return valve shown in Fig. 2, part of the structure being broken away and in section showing the fluid ingress port openings; Fig. 4 is a bottom plan of the structure shown in Fig. 2; Fig. 5 is a transverse vertical section taken on the line 5-5 of Fig.'l'; Fig. 6 is a transverse horizontal section taken on line E5*'5 of'Fig. 5; Fig. '7 is a diagram illustrating the increased ratio of exhaust during the compression stroke,

and Fig. 8 is a vertical central section of an alternate construction or" the upper end of the return check valve portion of my improved con-- pressor.

In the drawings A indicates the cylinder, B the piston which is reciprocable in said cylinder, and C the crank case, of my improve-d compressor. [0 is asuitable crank shaftjournaled in the horizontal sleeve l I eXtending laterally from the crank case, and having a suitable driving element such as pulley l2 on-its outer end and a crank l3 on its inner end. A suitable'pitman or connecting rod I4 is connected to the crank. A toggle D composed of lower and upper arms I5 and I5 flexed together by the pintle I! is connected by said pintle tothe free end of the pitman. The lower extremity of the lower arm [5 of the toggle is journaledj to rock by the bearing I! on thelowerportion of the crank case and the upper extremity of the upper arm Hi valve closed horizontal lower end wall 25.

is journaled by the piston pin 19 in the piston B. As the crank is revolved in the direction of the arrow shown in Fig. l, the piston and the toggle are reciprocated from the full line position as the piston approaches fully compressed position to the broken line position at the'lower end of the fluid intake stroke, as shown in Fig. l.

The cylinder is extended upwardly and increased in diameter to provide a cylindrical valve chamber E, the latter being closed by an end cover plate 28. A return check valve of float piston type F reciprocable coaxially with and of greater diameter than the diameter of pistonB in the cylindrical valve chamber closes downwardly upon the annular outwardly flaring seat 2|, the latter being arranged at the junction between the compression cylinder and the wall of the valve chamber abovev and connecting with an annular outlet channel 42 adjacent thereto in the wall of the Cylindrical casing. The return check valve F resembles a piston having a hollow cylindrical casing 22 closed at its upper end by the horizontal end wall 23 and provided with fluid ingress ports 24 in its side wall and a The ports 24 are adapted to register with fluid ingress openings such as 25 in the side wall of the valve chamber. The lower end wall of the fluid return check valve has a comparatively large annularfluid inlet centrally disposed and surrounded by a valve seat or orifice 21 with which an annular fluid admission check valv '23 closes automatically to seal the passage through the fluid return check valve F during the compression stroke of piston B. A compressed fluid outlet port 39 from the annular outlet channel 42,

through the wall of the cylinder, leads outwardly for transmitting the fluid which is compressed by piston B. Sealing rings 3! seated in the cylindrical surface ofthe return check valve F and a sealing cup Simade out of lead or other suitable material in the return check valve cylinder are provided to maintain a tight working connection between the return check valve F and said cylinder. By making valve F larger in diameter than the main cylinder of the compressor a comparatively large valve area is provided .iwhereby ayery slight reciprocable opening and closing movement is necessary for discharging the compressed fluid and closing the valve. In practice a compressor employing a fluid compressing cylinder cf 6" internal diameter has required less than a inch opening movement. The fluid admission check valve 28 in the return check valve F has a central valve stem 35 which reciprocates freely in a bridge support 36 integral with the side wall of the cylindrical float return check valve structure. A helical spring 31 fitted over the body of the bridge support and below a washer 38 tends to hold the inner fluid ingress check valve 28 contained in the return check valve closed but permits it to open freely during the intake stroke of piston B. Thus during the intake stroke, the fluid medium to be compressed is drawn throughthe openings 26, ports 24,and the-valvedorifice 2.1;;in 'tl1e return check valve F into the compression chamber within cylinder A. During this action the return check valve closes and is held closed automatically upon its seat thus checking any returnof compressed fluid from duct 39. Thisplosing action of the return check valve is producedpartly by the negative pressure or ;suction. ,createdzby the intake stroke of piston B but mainly by the pressure exerted by compressed fluid previously admitted either byduct All, or;.ext ernal duct 45,

or .ho h i to th return ph ek va v cham a e v lveFther in- .D et hleads upward y from -the circular fluid outlet wchannel A2 .,(see

Fig. :6) throughrthe .side wall ofand into the cy.-

IindricaLcha-mber above the return,check-.valve F and duct Al is connected .witholltlet duct an eadsthroush ove rlat l intos d ha-m- .ber,. a suitabl vc ek .va ve A bein interposed to pre ent retu n of ompr s d .fi idp usly a mitted. ,In ,them fil ner stated the returniloat check valve Fishfild firmly losedvexeeptwhen id is comp essed Blinder suf ci nt pre sure h p e s onr ston Bit ve em h ent mat lq 'h tenden y of the returnv check valve.

Normal y h owe .atsur aee .of fluid admiss on. heck a re tliesonth plane .of the. lowe en fla sur ace eft eretu noheo valveF and ubstan ally n o e cano es ao i all w d beeen the piston endl we surfa el 'the r t rn check va ve at the upperehdiotth ls oke of th H omp e o pi ton J3, whe e y substant ally-al of the m s dfillld.,and.iheato com r ss on -.ex1 e. le.d and cond ct d. away item t o nr s io ehamherdming eachoomp e n s k oft eappa atus- .Dlu' hs c mpres ion h onenihe m eme of theretur uehe k .valvetis cushion d b th p essur o -e mpres ed.flnisl bov he eturn. check valve .aedthe retu neh k ve e iso i klv c os d .uponjth pi tonr versinat lthe ih ake t oke- Ihe eree ffect tr am-the ie llm c e ,valvepverthat of th compression pis ncre s th o osil e fo impart .hvth fluiduno th velve. Due to th te aitlv' ly large ingress and e ress va ar as pr v ded. .ver

' n h de ir d volu. etri c mpres io n re l h r e t dite for operation. The check valverof re ip hlepisto t e elose n i h lhvthex here se pressure resultin f h compres e .fi i .ro e erositlv and qu ck e nechee mhic prevents the retur of. e sl eo-mpresse fiuis .intothe-com- 1s producing improved results. in compressionland exhaust is produced by arproximately 200 degrees during which the exhaust period is prolonged, thus allowing substantially ;all of the compressed fluid to be expelled. Thus the check valve F coordinates with the toggle in This increased ratio ranging the axis of the crank in horizontal alignment with the upper end of the bottom link when s id linkan the compression pi t nlare in lower- .mostposition .,as.s l1 own in the. diagr am.' ,Ercm the d agramit,willhenoted that when theJhnk andpiston. revolve Irom lowermost touppermost position the vconnectionbetween the connecting rod and togglemoves throughypahout ZGU degrees of the arc throughwhichthe oranktravels, in

this. manner the. ompression stroke and. the exh st p riod ar incr ase which Ji e dis in dvanta Also h radius .(ofaboutsleo deees d rin the ,periodof int ke .is ma erially ducerlleavih a lo-n erperiod fo i mpression. D r n thep oh'eed exhaust, the power applied to thee nk ismat r al vredlleed bYthB u of the toggle over thatprovidedbyqa simple crank without a toggle.

In Fig- ,8, thelcylinderA is shovmih reased in d am t r at t ,upper end :50 above the return check valve F and the packin c p .5 I enla e .to .pr vi.de in .efiec supplemental piston or i rea e a ea a tin a a ns the, e ur eh valve F to close theilattermore effectively by the inc eas d -i r suppl ed .h h ompress ..fiuldin a ordanc with, the pat nt atutes, 'Ijhave described the principles ,of operation of my inventio to eth .w th i e.vcohstrlicti whi hil n w co si e to pre en thehest emb d men thereoi, bu de re .to h ve .i underst od tha th structureshownis o-nlyjllustrativeand that the i en n. an he arried out by other we ans and ap l e t use o he than those. above set forth Withlnlthe s ope of thefollowing l ms.

l. .A fluid mp esso ;h vin .a.o .in er formng a mpression .ehe her,..a p s on v.re procable in saidcoinpression chamber, said cylinder having a return check valve chamberofincreased ame er and, provided ,anannular va ve lseet between said compression and valve chambers. .a d out et due o c mpressed nnidfr m'sa d valve seat, a piston returncheck .valverecip cable insaid valve chamber in cooperation with said seat filhtrollin the ,return .of compressed fluid into the.Qomplfession cha1nber, said piston return check valve having, aninta-ke. duct through 'thewall of saidpylinder entering-the compression chamber forfluid to be compressed, an intake check valve controlling the fluid entering the compression chamber through saidreturn-p eck valve, said returntcheck valve chamber havingia co ne tio i h said outletduct .by which o mhressedfluid is t mlttedlintosa valv ham er above the return check valve tending to close sai etu n ch k valv L-u onre d sea :and a h ek i aid stimenti nedcon e onior preventing the return of compressed fluid admitted into said valve chamber.

2. A fluid compressor having a cylinder forming a compression chamber, a piston reciprocable in said compression chamber, said cylinder having an extension of increased diameter beyond the compression chamber provided with an annular valve seat at its junction with said compression chamber having an outlet for compressed fluid, a return check valve reciprocable in said valve chamber, and adapted to close upon said seat, a connection for compressed fluid fromv the compression chamber controlled by said return check valve and entering said return check valve chamber whereby fluid compressed by the compression piston is adapted to urge the return check valve upon its seat, the' adjacent surfaces between the compression piston and said return check. valve being arranged substantially without clearance at the upper end of the compression stroke of the compression piston, said return check valve having an intake duct through the wall of the cylinder and entering said compression chamber, an intake check valve in said duct maintained closed by compressed fluid in said'compression chamber and ing a return check valve chamber provided with an annular seat adjacent to said compression chamber, a return check valve reciprocable in said valve chamber and adapted to close upon said seat, an outlet connection for compressed fluid from the compression chamber controlled by said return check valve and entering said return check valve chamber above said return check valve whereby fluid compressed by said reciprocable piston is adapted to urge' the return check valve upon its seat, a check in said outlet connection for preventing return of compressed fluid admitted into said valve chamber, the adjacent surfaces between the compression piston and said return check valve being arranged substantially without clearance at the upper end of the compression stroke of said piston, and said return check valve having a valved intake duct for the admission of fluid into said compression chamber, said duct being maintained closed by compressed fluid in said compression chamber and opened by negative pressure of fluid created by the intake stroke of said-compression piston.

4. A fluid compressor having a cylinder form- 7 ing a compression chamber, a piston reciprocable in said compression chamber, said cylinder havvalve chamber and adapted to close upon said seat, an outlet connection for compressed fluid from the compression chamber controlled by said return check valve and entering said return check valve chamber above said return check valve whereby fluid compressed by said reciprocable piston is adapted to urge the return check valve upon its seat to close said outlet connection, a check in said outlet connection for preventing the return of compressed fluid admitted into said valve chamber, and said return check valve having a valved intake duct for the admission of fluid into said compression chamber, the valve in said duct being maintained closed by compressed fluid in said compression chamber and opened by negative pressure of fluid created by the intake stroke of said compression piston.

5. A fluid compressor having a cylinder forming a compression chamber, a piston reciprocable in said compression chamber, said cylinder havin a return check valve chamber provided with an annular seat adjacent to said compression'chamher, a return'check valve reciprocable in said valve chamber and adapted to close upon said seat, an

outlet connection for compressed fluid from t compression chamber controlled by said return check valve and entering said return check valve chamber above said return check valve whereby fluid compressed by said reciprocable piston is adapted to urge the return check valve upon its seat, a check in said outlet connection for preventing return of compressed fluid admitted into said valve chamber, and said return check valve having a valved intake duct through the wall of the cylinder for the admission of fluid into said compression chamber, said duct being maintained closed by compressed fluid in said compression chamber and opened by negative pressure of fluid created by the intake stroke of said compression piston. r

- SELLERS E. JESSUP.

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