US2325583A - Vapor generator - Google Patents

Description

Aug. 3, 1943. N. c. ARTsAY 2,325,533

VAPOR GENERATOR Filed May 2. 1939 l5 Sheets-Sheet 1 Aug. 3, 1943. N. c. ARTsAY VAPOR GENERATOR 5 shuts-sheet 2' Filed May 2. 1939 Aug. 3, 1943.

4 N. c. AR'rsAY vPoR GENERTOR Filed May n2, 1939 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 ATTNEY Aug. 3, 1943;

N. C. ARTSAY VAPOR GENERATOR Filed May 2, 19.39 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 LVM ATTORNEY Aug. 3, 1943.

' N. c. /lm'rsw4 VAPOR GENERATOR Filed May 2, 1939 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENTOR AOC/,101.46 C: A271570 BY l ff( f( TTORN EYS Patented Aug. 3,1943

7 UNITEDV STAT varon GENERATOR menons c. may, vanua, N. Y., mimo to Foster Wheeler Corporation, New York, N. Y., a corporation of New York Application May 2, 1939, Serial No. 271,292

14 claims. (cr 12a-235') This invention relates to vapor generators and more particularly pertains to steam generators and to circulating systems therefor.

The invention provides a steam generator having natural circulation uni-directionally in all pol-tima ofthe heating 4surface, 'and' in which there is a minimum disturbance j of the,water levell in the upper drum ofthe generator.

'mis is accomplished in general, -by completely isolating theadowncomersfrom the gas ilow in the generator to prevent the generation of any steam within the downcomer tubes, and byproviding a relatively large number of` downcomer clmnections which are distributed along the bottom of the upper drum so as to minimize dishirbance of the water level `in the drum. 'I'he downcomers transfer liquid to the upper endl portion of large vertical manifold headers disposed outside-01' the setting on each side of the' unit, the lower ends of which discharge into horizontally distributing manifolds which ex- 'tend from the front to the rear of the furnace and connect with the lower headersfor the front, rear and side water walls. The downcomer system is of adequate capacity to transfer the full available circulating head of the generator between its upper drum and the lowest ends of the heated elements, to the. lowest water distributingheaders without undue resistance at the required rate of water ilow.

The advantages of the invention include a line 5-'5 of Fig. 2.

right and left hand portions of which are taxen respectively on lines llt-4a and lr-4b of Fig. -2,

Fig. 5 is a horizontalsectional view taken o n Like characters of reference parts throughout the several views.

Referring to the drawings, reference character I I Il designates generally a steam generator having a setting` formed by steel-encased refractory side walls Ii'and I2, and end walls I3 and I4, and

having generally the configuration of a rectangular parallelopiped. An upper separating or steam and water drum I 5, and a lower drumiii are connected by spaced groups-of steam generating tubes I'I. I8 and I9.- Adjacent the tubes I8 and extending` downwardly from the drum I5 to a pointshort of. drum I6, is a vertical baille 2U, and spaced therefrom and adjacent the innermost row of the group of tubes I9 is a vertical baille 2| similar to baille 20 but extending somewhat further toward drumV IB. These bailles provide a chamber 9be twee'n'them which .is isolated from the gas'flow, as will hereinafter appear, and in which are disposed the boiler downcomers 22. 'I'hese downcomers are connected at spaced intervals to drum minimum disturbance of the water level in the steam drum, the prevention of any steam liberation in the ldowncomers, maximum head for circulation, low differential between maximum tube temperature and saturation temperature, and

positive circulation in one direction.

These and other advantagesof the invention and the featuresof novelty which characterize the invention will be apparent from the following description considered in connection with the Land in which:

I5 along the bottom thereof and for the greater part of the central portion of its length. Each downcomer extends downwardly from'the lower-v most portion of drum I5 and makes a ,90 turn within the chamber 9 and thereafter extends horizontally to, and through, the end wall of the setting to a largemanifold header which extends vertically outside the setting and adjacent thereto. 'I'he downcomers are symmetrically arranged in two groups with respect to a vertical plane passing transversely through the center of drum I5, and the tubes in each group are arranged in nested relationship as shown in Fig. 3. One group only of downcomers is shown in'Fig. 3, but it will be understood that the leit'hand group is similar to the right hand group but oppositely disposed. 'Ihe outerl ends of the right hand group of downcomers are connected to a manifold header 23 and the outer ends of the left hand group connect with a manifold header 24. The number and the capacity ofthe downcomers 22 and the capacity of the manifold headers 23 and 24 is such as to transfer the available circulating refer tothe. samey -v manifold header 23 is connected at its lower end to the central portion of an external, horizontally extending distributing manifold or header 25, which extends-for the full width of the setting adjacent the lower portion of each wall I4, and header 24 has its lower end connected to the central portion of a horizontal manifold or header 26 which extends for the width of the setting outside end wall I3. A plurality of tubesv 21 connect the header 25 Ywith a horizontal end wall header 29 which is disposed outside of end wall I4 and adjacent thereto and below header 25, while a similar group of tubes 28 connects the header 25 with a horizontal end wall header 30 also disposed outside of wall I4 and adjacent thereto and at a higher elevation than header 29. Tubes 21 and 28 are connected in alternate relationship with each other along the greater part of the manifold-header 25. A similar circulatory arrangement; is provided at the opposite endof the setting, adjacent and outside end wall I3. Tubes 3| connect header 26 with header 33 and tubes 32 connect header 26 with header 34.

Additional horizontallydisposed headers 35 and 36 are located at a lower elevation than the headers 29, 30, 33 and 34 and belowthe'lower ends of the vertical walls of the setting. These headers extend at right angles to the manifold headers 25 and 26 and are located at opposite sides of and adjacent a vertical plane passing through the axes of the vertical headers 23 and 24. Header 35 is connected to headers 25 and 26, to the former by a group of bent tubes 31 and tothe latter by a group of bent tubes 38, each group of tubes being arranged and disposed to supply water to half of the header 35. Likewise header 36 is connected to headers 25 and 26, to the former by a group of bent tubes 39 and to the latter by a group of bent tubes 40.

From the headers 35 and 36, which are disposed q substantially below the bottom of the furnace chamber 42, groups of tubes 43 and 44 respectively extend upwardly a short distance and then turn outwardly toward the adjacent side wall and thereafter extend horizontally in closely spaced relationship to the side walls I I and I2 respectively, thus forming a water cooled furnace floor 45 having a central slag discharge opening 46.- The tubes 43 then turn vertically upwardly and line the entire inner surface of the lower portion f side wall I 2 between the floor of the furnace and horizontal wall headers 41.and 48 to which the upper ends of these tubes arealternately connected. Similarly the water wall tubes 44 line the inner surface of the lower portion of the side wall II, and are alternately connected at their upper ends toI headers 49 and 50. However, as indicated at I, certain of the tubes 44 are bent inwardly from the wall I I and laterally for a substantial portion of their length, to provide intertube spacesfor the firing of the fuel burnersv 4I which extend through the side wall II and between the tubes 44 in the lower part of the furnace. From the headers 41 and 48, tubes 52 extend upwardly and inwardly of the furnace 42 and are connected at their upper ends .to the lower portion of the drum I6. From the headers 49 and 58 water wall tubes 53 extend upwardly and are alternately connected at their upper ends to two similar headers 54 Aand 55 respectively at the top of the setting, and line'the inner surface of the upper portion of the side wall LI.' A plurality of roof tubes 56 connect the headers 54 and 55 with the steam and Water drum I5.

' I4 which is adjacent side wall II, and tubes 51' line the intermediate portion of wall I4. tubes 51 of the group which is located adjacent the side wall I2, are connected at their upper ends 65 which line wall I3, and steam and water is to a relatively short horizontal header 58, which is positioned'in the wall I4 'at a level slightly below that ofthe drum I6. The header 58 is connected with the drum I5 by a group of external riser tubes59. The water wall tubes 51 are alternately connected at their upper ends to horizontal headers 60 and 6I whichy are located at an elevation intermediate the headers 58 and the drum I5. Headers 60 and 6I are connected to drum I5 by a plurality of upwardly extending tubes 62. Water wall tubes 51, adjacent the side wall I I,extend upwardly to and connect with headers 63 and 64 in the upper portion of the setting andthe headers 63 and 64 are connected to the drum I5 by circulating tubes 65.

The inner surface of the end wall i3 is similarly lined by three groupsv of closely spaced vertical water wall tubes 66, 66 and 66 whichare alternately connected at their lower ends to the headers 33 and 34, and which at their upper ends are respectively connected with the drum by means of intermediate headrs 61, 68, 69, and 1I), 1I, the entire arrangement being similar to the' arrangement for the opposite wall I4. A baille 'l2 disposed on or adjacent tubes I1 and extending from drum I6 upwardly to a point short of the elevation of headers 63 and 64 provides with the wall II, a first pass for the gases leaving the furnace. Upon leaving the first pass, the gases flow downwardly through the second pass between bailles 12 and 20 over a. superheater I3 disposed in the second pass, and upon leaving the second pass, the gases ow upwardly through the third pass between the baille 2i and the wall I2 to the gas outlet 14 and then to an economizer or other heat recovery apparatus, not shown.

The baiil's 20 and 2I completely isolate the down- I comer tubes 22 from contact with gases flowing through the setting, and no steam generation will take place within these downcomer tubes at any point throughout their lengths.

In operation, water flows from the steam and water drum I5 into and through the large number of downcomers 22 to the vertical external manifolds 23 and 24, which convey the water to the horizontal external distributing headers 25 and 26. Water then flows from manifold 25 through pipes 21 and 28 to headers 29 and 30 and thence into the water wall tubes 51 which line wall I4, and steam and water is conducted from the upper ends of these tubes into the steam and water drum I5 through the headers 58, 66, 6|, 63 and 64, as previously described. Similarly, water ows from manifold 26 through pipes 3l and 32to headers 33 and 34 and thence into tubes conducted from the upper ends of these tubes into the drum I5 through headers 68, 69, 'I0 and 1 I. Water is also conducted from manifolds 25 and 26 through pipes 31 and 38 to header 35 from which water is supplied to tubes 43 which line wall l2. lSteam and Water is delivered from the upper ends of tubes 43 to lower TheV drum II through headers 41 and Il. Water ls further conducted from manifolds Il and Il through pipes 3l and 4l to header Il from which water is supplied'to tubes u which line wall Il. Steam and water is delivered from the upper ends of tubes M to the steam and water drum i! through headers 4I and Il, tubes I3, headers v'fer the available circulating head to the lowest portion of the circulating system without undue resistance at the required rate of water flow.

Hence a positive upward circulation is produced and maintained at all times throughout all the tubes` of the water wall surfaces as well as in the several tube groups which connect the drums i! and It. The downcomer arrangement permits the installation vofa large number .of downcomers, the drum connections of which open well under the surface of the water and thus precludes the entrainment of steam through eddies and reduces the ebullition which normally takes place in saturated vwater upon its movement at an accelerated rate into tubular members.

VThe eifectiveness of a circulatory system embodying the invention in preventing overheating of any of the tubes has been demonstrated by the fact that numerous temperature readings made with thermo-couple wires peened into the tubes of a full sized unit' embodying the invention shows a maximum tube temperature of only 50 degrees above the saturation temperature corresponding to the pressure of the unit.

The form of the invention herein disclosed is a preferred .form and since various changes may be made in the form, location and relative arrangement of the several parts thereof without departing from the principles of the invention.'

it will be understood that the invention is not to be limited 4excepting by the scope of the appended claims.

What is claimed is:

1. A vapor generator comprising a setting, a furnace, a drum in the upper part f the setting, vapor generating tubes in the setting and connected in the generator circulatory system with the drum, means providing a chamber in the setting below the drum and outside the path of the gases produced` in the furnace in their ow through the setting, downcomers connected to vthe bottom portion of the drum and along a substantial portion of the length -thereof and disposed ln said chamber, and a manifold header outside the setting, the `downcomers extending from said chamber through the wall of the setting and connecting with the manifold header at one end portion thereof, the other end portion of the manifold header being connected with the lower portion of the circulating system of the generator.

2. A vapor generator comprising a setting, aV

furnace, a drum in the upper part of the setting, vapor generating tubes in the setting and condowncomers connected to the bottom portion of thedrumandalongasubstantialportionofthe length thereof and disposed in said chamber, and a manifold header outside the setting. the

downcomers extending from slid Chamber through the wall of the setng and connecting with the manifold header at one end portion thereof, the other end portion of the manifold header being connected with the lower portion of the furnace water wall.

3. A vapor generator comprising a setting, a furnace, a drum in theupper part of the setting, vapor generating tubes inthe setting and connected in the generator circulatory system with the drum, water walls for the furnace, means providing a chamber in the setting below the drum and outside the path of the gases produced in the furnace in their ilow through the setting. downcomers connected to the bottom portion of the drum and along a substantial portion of the length thereof and disposed in said chamber, and a manifold header outside the setting, the downcomers extending from said chamber through the wall of the setting and connecting with the manifold header at one end portion thereof, the other end portion of the manifold header being connected with the lower portions of a plurality of water walls.

4. A vapor generator comprising a setting, a

furnace, a drum in the upper part of the setting, a second drum in the setting at a lower elevation than the other drum, vapor generating tubes in the setting' connecting the drums, a water wall for the furnace. means providing a chamber in the setting substantially intermediate said drums and outside the path of the gases produced in the furnace in their flow through the setting, downcomers connected to the lower portion of the drum and disposed in said chamber, a manifold header outside the setting and connected to the downcomers at one end portion, the other end of the manifold header being connected to a distributing header, and conduits connecting the distributing header with the lower portion of said water wall.

5. A vapor generator comprising a setting, a furnace, a drum in the upper part of the setting,

a second drum in the setting at a lower elevation than the other drum, vapor generating tubes plurality 0f said Water Walls.

nected in the generator circulatory system with the drum, a water wall for the furnace, means providinga chamber inthe setting below the drum and outside the path of the gases produced in. the furnace in their flow through the setting,

6. A vapor generator comprising a settlng, a furnace. a drum in the upper part of the setting, a second drum in the setting at a lower elevation than the other drum, vapor generating tubes in the setting connecting the drums, water walls for the furnace. means providing a chamber in the setting substantially intermediate said drums and outside the path of the gases produced in the furnace in their flow through the setting, downcomers connected to the lower portion of the drum v and disposed in said chamber, a manifold header outside thev setting and connected to the downcomers at one end portiomthe other end of the manifold header being connected to a distributing header, and conduits connecting the distributing header with the lower portion of more than two of said water walls.

'1. A vapor generator comprising a setting, a furnace, a drum in the upper part of the setting, a second drum in the setting at a lower elevation than the other drum, vapor generating tubes connecting the drums, a, water wall for the furnace, means providing a chamber in the setting adjacent tubes connecting the drums and outside of the path of the gases produced in the furnace in their ow through the setting, downcomers connected. to the bottom portion of the drum and along a substantial portion of the length thereof and disposed in said chamber and extending through a Wall of the setting, a manifold header outside the setting having its upper' end portion connectedfto the downcomers and having its lower end portion connected to the lower portion of the water wall.

8. A vapor generator comprising a setting, za'A f the drum and disposed in said chamber and extending through a wall of the setting, a manifold header outside the setting having its upper end portion connected to the downcomers and having its lower end portion connected to the lower portion of the water wall.

9. A vapor generator comprising a setting, a furnace, a drum in the upper part of the setting, vapor generating tubes in the setting and connected in the generator circulatory system with the drurn, water walls for the furnace, means providing a chamber in the setting outside the p ath of the gases produced in the furnace in their ow through the setting, downcomers connected to the lower portion of the drum and disposed in said'chamber, one group of downcomers extending through the wall of the setting at one end of the chamber and another group extending through the wall of the setting at the other end of the chamber, and manifold headers outside of the setting each having: its upper end portion connected to one group of downcomers and having its lower end connected to the lower portion of at least one of said water walls.

10. A vapor generator comprising a setting, a furnace, a drum in the upper part of the setting, vapor generating tubes in the setting and connectedI vin the generator circulatory system with the drum, water walls for the furnace, means providing a, chamber in the setting outside the path of the gases produced in the furnace in their ow through the setting,` downcomers connected `to the lower portion of the drum and disposed in said chamber, one group of downcomers extending through the Wall of the setting at one end of the chamber and another group extending through the wallof the setting at the other end of the chamber, manifold headers outside of the setting each having itsupper end portion connected to one group of downcomers and having its lower end connected to a distributing header, and means connecting each distributing header to the lower portion of at least one of said water walls. I

11. A vapor generator comprising a setting, a furnace, a drum in the upper part of the setting, vapor generating tubes in the setting and connected in. the generator circulatory system with the drum, water walls for the furnace, means providing a chamber in the setting outside the path of the gases produced in the furnace in their ow through the setting, downcomers connected to the lower portion of the drum and disposed in said chamber, one group of downcomers extending through the wall of the setting at one end of the chamber and another group extending through the Wall of the setting at the other end of the chamber, manifold headers outside of the setting each having its upper end portion connected to one group of downcomers and. having its lower end connected to more than two of said water walls.

12. A vapor generator comprising a setting, a substantially rectangular -furnace in the setting, a drum in the upper part of the setting, vapor generating tubes in the setting and connected in the generatorA circulatory system with the drum, a water wall for each of the vertical walls of the furnace, means providing a chamber in the setting outside of the path of the gases produced in the furnace in their flow through the setting, downcomers connected with the lower portion of the drum and disposed in said chamber, one group of downcomers extending through the Wall of the setting at one end of the chamber and another group extending through thewall of the setting at the other end of the chamber,manifold headers outside the setting each having its upper end portion connected to one group of downcomers and having its lower end connected to a distributing header, each of said furnace water walls having a lower header, and conduits connecting each distributing header with at least one of the lower headers of the furnace Water walls.

13. A vapor generator comprising a setting, a substantially rectangular furnace in the setting, a drum in the upper part of the setting, vapor generating tubes in the setting and connected in the generator circulatory system with the drum, a water wall for each of the vertical walls of the furnace, means providing a chamber in the setting outside of the path of the gases produced in the furnace in their now through the setting, downcomers connected with the lower portion of the drum and disposed in said chamber, one group of downcomers extending through the wall of the setting at one end of the chamber and anothergroup extending through the wall of the setting at the other end of the chamber, manifold headers outside the setting each having its upper end portion connected to one group of downcomers and-having its lower end connected to a distributing header, each o1' said furnace water walls having a lower header, and conduits connecting each distributing header 'with three of the lower headers of the furnace water Walls.

` 14. A yvapor generator comprising a setting, a su-bstantially rectangular furnace in the setting, a drum in the upper part of the setting, vapor generating tubes in the setting and connected in the generator circulatory system with the drum, a water wall for each of the Vertical walls of the furnace, means providing a chamber in the setting outside of the path of the gases produced in the furnace in their flow through the setting, downcomers connected with the lower portion of the drum and disposed in said chamber, one group oi downcomers extending through the wail of the setting at one end of the chamber and another group extending through the wall of the setting at the other end of the chamber, mani- -fold headers outside the setting each having its upper end portion connected to one group o! downcomers and having its lower end connected to a. distributing header, each of said furnace water walls having a lower header, conduits connecting each distributing header with the lower header of one water wall along substantially its entire length, and other conduits connecting each distributing header with one end portion of each of the lower headers of two other Water walls.

NICHOLAS C. ARTSAY.

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