US2088724A - Boiler and furnace installation - Google Patents

Description

113 3, 1 37 F. H. ROSENCRANTS 2,088,724v

BOILER AND FURNACE INSTALLATION Filed May 51, 1934 4 Sheets-Sheet l V BY v A TTORNEYS 1937- F. H. ROSENCRANTS 2,088,724

BOILER AND FURNACE INSTALLATION Filed May-31, 1934 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 37* fig w I mn 'H n? 45 47 {)7 4? fi 17 INVENTOR.

A TTORNEYJ 1937. F. H. RosENcRANTs 2,088,724

BOILER AND FURNACE INSTALLATION Filed May :51, 1954 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 IN VEN TOR.

ATTORNEYS Aug. 3, 1937.

F. H ROSENCRANTS 2,088,724

BOILER AND FURNACE INSTALLATION Filed May 31, 1934 4 Sheets-Shet 4 n u n u u n u \\'u H H II H H H H H I 40; ll

2/6 I VE T0 z/a N N R.

| 9 WW ll /5 By 7 WrMW ATTORNEYJ Patented Aug. 3, 1937 BOILER AND FURNACE INSTALLATION Fay Harry Rosencrants, Scarsdale, N. Y., assignor to Combustion Engineering Company, Inc., New York, N. Y., a corporation of Delaware Application May 31,

8 Claims.

This invention relates to improvements in boiler and furnace installations having a horizontal type of boiler and a furnace or combustion chamber provided with boiler parts such as steam evaporating tubes defining the walls thereof installations of high capacity.

Among other objects of my invention, which will appear as the description of the invention proceeds, are the provision in an installation of the above character, of connections between the horizontal boiler and the furnace wall tubes whereby common circulation can beefiectively employed; of connections enabling the boiler and the furnace wall tubes to be suspended with freedom for independent expansion and contraction without encountering diiiiculties in the connections; of means ensuring proper distribution in supplying the wall tubes from the boiler; and of means providing relief for certain boiler parts such as will ensure effective circulation.

How the foregoing together with such other objects and advantages as may hereinafter appear or are incident to my invention are realized, is illustrated in preferred form in the accompanying drawings, wherein- Fig. 1 is a sectional elevation of a boiler and furnace installation constructed in accordance with my invention.

Figs. 2, 3, and 4 are fragmentary elevational views illustrating modified connections between the main boiler and the tubular walls of the furnace or combustion chamber.

Figs. 5 and 6 are fragmentary views illustrating relief connection which, may be employed in the main boiler.

illustrating a modified arrangement of steam evaporating tubes and circulatory connections.

Fig. 8 is a fragmentary view illustrating a modification in downcomer connections for the main boiler.

Fig. 9 is a fragmentary end view of Fig. 8.

Fig. 10 is a fragmentary view of other modified connections between the furnace wall tubes and the main boiler.

Fig. 11 is an elevational view of an installation illustrating a modification in the main boiler and in the circulatory connections between the water walls and the boiler.

Fig. 12 is a fragmentary detailed view of a modification in the nipple connections between the upper and lower headers of the main boiler.

Referring more particularly to Fig. l of the drawings, the boiler and furnace installation 55 comprises in general a boiler A, a furnace or com- Fig. 7 is a sectional elevation of an installation 1934, Serial No. 728,314

bustion chamber B, burner means C of any suitable type for admitting fuel into the combustion chamber, suitable casing D for the installation, and structural'work E from which the boiler and associated parts are suspended in a manner hereinafter appearing.

The boiler A is of the horizontally inclined tube type and comprises two spaced sections or banks of horizontally inclined tubes l5 and it, the tubes ii of the upper bank or section being connected at their lower ends into a plurality of downtake or downcomer headers l1, and at their upper ends into a plurality of uptake or upcomer headers l8, and the tubes it of the lower bank or drop section being similarly connected into a plurality of downcomer headers l9 and upcomer headers 20. The boiler headers are of the sec- ,tional type and may be sinuous, with the tubes arranged in staggered relation or straight, with the tubes arranged in aligned vertical rows.

The downcomer and upcomer headers i1 and it of the upper bank l5 are connected to the downcomer and upcomer headers l9 and 20 of the lower bank It by means of a row of straight nipples 2| connected into the facing top and bottom walls of the headers and a row of bent nipples 22 connected into the inner side faces of the headers into which the tubes I 5 and I of the banks are also connected. The combined cross sectional area of these nipples is such with respect to the cross sectional area of the headers that the free area therethroughfairly closely approximates that through the headers so that restriction to flow is minimized, i. e., the combined cross sectional area of the connecting nipples is such with respect to the cross sectional area of the headers that the free area therethrough is greater than, and in fact may be substantially equal to double that of the largest single nipple which it is possible to employ.

Water is led from the .upper steam and water I drum 23 of the boiler'to the downcomer headers I! bymeans of a row of downcomer nipples 24 connected at their upper ends into the water space of the drum, and at their lower ends into the upper walls of the headers, and by means-of a second row of bent tubes or nipples 25, connected at their upper ends into the water space of the drum, and at their lower ends into the inner side faces of the headers whereby ample water supply is provided to these downcomer headers.

The upcomer headers I8 01' the boiler are connected into the steam space of the drum 23 by means of a plurality of delivery tubes 26, there being a suflicient number of tubes employed to prevent restriction to flow at this point.

The boiler includes a row of bent tubes 21 connected at one end into the downcomer headers is of the lower bank, and at their other ends into the upcomer headers ll of the upper bank. These tubes extend in parallel relation to the tuLes it of the lower bank for a portion of their length, then upwardly toward the upper bank. and then in parallel relation to the tubes ll of the upper bank for the remainder of their length.

The boiler is divided into a plurality of gas passes by a baille 2| located at the upper portion of the bank It, a baille 29 associated with the upright portions of the tubes 21 and extending upwardly through the upper bank, and a baiilc 30 associated with the bent tubes or nipples II and extending downwardly through the upper bank, so that the gas fiow is upwardly through the pass Ii, downwardly through the pass 32. and upwardly through the pass 33, from which the gases exit through an oil-take N. The nipples 25 are bent well into the space above the upper bank of boiler tubes so as to provide this last pass. A superheater I5 is located in the pass 3i between the upper and lower banks of tubes, it being noted that the superheater tubes may be inserted and removed throush the spaces between adjacent pairs of nipples ii and 22.

In Fig. 12, I have shown continuous headers with the connecting portions Ila flattened down so as to provide spaces lib between headers for superheater tube removal. This arrangement may be employed at both ends of the boiler. I also contemplate making either the upcomer or downcomer headers of the boiler continuous.

from the bottom bank to the top bank without these flattened intermediate portions so as. to further eliminate restriction to fiow. it being pointed out, however, that this arrangement would only be employed in the headers at one end of the boiler, and that the headers at the other end would be provided with the double nipple arrangement to permit of insertion and removal of superheater tubes at that end.

The furnace or combustion chamber B is defined by steam'evaporating tubes, the front wall being defined by a row of. upright tubes it, the rear wall bya row of tubes 31, and each of the sidewallsbyarowoftubesllonlyafewof which are shown at each end of the side wall of Fig. 1. In this instance, the wall tubes are closely spaced with alternate tubes connected at their upper ends into alternate headers of a pair of superposed headers, the upper pairs of headers of the front, rear and side walls being indicated by the reference numerals ll, IO. and 4i respectively. The lower ends of the front, rear and side wall tubes are connected into lower headers l2, l8, and 44 respectively. Due to the close spacing of the tubes, their lower end portions may be swaged down in order to obtain proper ligament strength in the headers.

At the top of the combustion chamber, I provide two rows of tubes ll, in advance of the lower bank of boiler tubes ll. 'Hiese tubes are arranged generally parallel with the lower bank and incline upwardly'from the upper headers 40 of the rear wall I! to the upcomer headers 2| of the lower bank of the boiler. At the bottom of the combustion chamber, I provide a row of slightly inclined tubes ll connecting the lows,osa,724

er header 3 of the rear wall with the lower header 4! of the front wall. In instances where the furnace is of a type to be operated with a bed of molten slag maintained in the bottom thereof, these cooling tubes are preferably closely spaced to retain the bed of slag, or they may be more widely spaced and provided with laterally extending fins to close the space therebetween. Similarly, the upright wall tubes may be provided with such fins. In other types of installations. the bottom cooling tubes 46 may be more widely spaced so as to permit gravitating particles to fall through to an ash pit below.

Water is supplied to the various tubular walls of the furnace from a lower distributing header 4! located adjacent the lower header 43 of the rear wall, and to which water is led from the downcomer headersv is of the lower bank of the boiler by means of a plurality of downcomer tubes 4., there preferably being one such downcomer tube for each downcomer header it. These downcomer tubes are provided with-expansion bends 49 at their upper portions, and are arranged so that their remaining major portions extend in close parallel relationship to the upright wall tubes 31, these latter portions being located within the rear wall casing. The distributing header 41 is connected to the lower header ll by means of a plurality of nipples ill, and to the lower headers 44 of the side walls by means of a plurality of bent supply tubes I. It will thus be seen that the distributing header 41 supplies the tubes 31 of the rear wall through the medium of the nipples 50 and lower header 0, the tubes ll of the side walls throughthe medium of the bent tubes ii and lower headers 44, and the front wall tubes 30 through the medium of the bottom tubes 48 and the lower header 4! of the front wall, and that this distributing header is independent of the furnace wall headers. The advantages of this-arrangement reside in that two small and light headers may be employed, that control of distribution to the several walls is provided and that a simple corner construction may be employed. Proportioning of water to the several walls may be controlled by pair of upper headers "of the front wall and at their upper ends into the lower portion of the imcomer headers 20 of the boiler, the tubes being bent for expansion purposes.

The side wall tubes II are connected to deliver into the steam space of the steam and water drum 2: by means of a plurality of riser tubes 53 leading upwardlyvfrom the upcomer headers ll of the side walls to top headers 5 which in turn are connected into the steamspace of the drum, 23 by means of a plurality'of bent tubes 55.

Referring now to the manner of supporting the boiler and the various tubes associated with the furnace, it is to be observed that the boiler A is suspended from fixed supporting members it of the structural work E located at the upper portion of the boiler as by means of hangers i1 and BI, and that the front and rear tubular-walls of the furnace are suspended from supporting members N of the structural work E located adjacent comm supportingf members II by pansion and contraction thereof, is substantially The tubular side walls are'similarly susthe same, this being important because of the fact that the bottom tubes 5! connect the lower headers 42 and 43 of the front and rear walls and that they receive additional support from the lower portion of the sidewalls by means of a plurality of cross beams II which in turn receive their support from the lower headers ll of the side walls. of the walls is approximately the same, co-operation is ensured between the bottom cross beams and the bottom cooling tubes. The downcomer tubes 48 may also be suspended from the same supporting member as the tubes of the adjacent wall as by means of hangers 54.

It will be seen from the foregoing that the boiler is free to expand downwardly toward the water walls and that the water walls are free to expand downwardly away from the boiler and independently of the expansion of the boiler. Theexpansion bends in the downcomer tubes ,the U bent upcomer tubes 52, the bent tubes 5 extending across the top of the furnace, and the flexibility of the riser connections 53 and 55 between the side wall tubes and the steam and water drum 23, enable the above freedom of expansion as between the. boiler and water walls without imparting undue strains to the various parts.

Referring to the circulation in the installation, water flows from the steam and water drum 2' through the two rows of nipples 24 and 25 into the downcomer headers ll of the upperbanlr l5, then downward through the two rows of nipples 2i and 22 into the downcomer headers ll of the lower bank It and then downwardly through the downcomer tubes 48 into the distributing header 1. From the distributing header. the flow is in two distinct circulatory paths, one being through the front and rear walls and the riser tubes 52 and 45 into the upcomer boiler headers 20, and the other being through the tubes of the side walls directly to the drum 2! by means of the risers 53 and 55. Since the headers of the boiler are interconnected by double nipples, and since ample circulator area is provided between the upper headers i8 and the drum by means of the plurality of delivery tubes 25, I avoida pressure drop such as would force the level of the water within the headers below the point of entry of the top boiler tubes. It is pointed out that the upper tubes of the upper bank i5, serve as recirculators, i. e., water separated from the steam flows from the upcomer headers I! to the downcomer headers I! through these tubes.

In Fig. 2, I have illustrated anarrangement in which the side wall tubes 55 are supplied from the lower headers I! of the boiler by means of downcomer tubes 48 as before, but the front and rear wall tubes 35 and 31 are supplied from the upcomer headers 20 of the boiler by means of downcomer tubes 55 connected at their upper ends into the lower portion of the headers 25 and at their lower ends into the distributing header 65 connected to the lower header 2 of the front wall by means of nipples 51. In this Since the downward expansion-of allv 3 instance, the ilow through the bottom tubes 45 is from the header 4! to the lower header 'of the-rear wall 31. The flow is upwardly through the tubes and 31 and the risers l2 and it into the headers 20, it being pointed out that 9 the tubes 52 and 45 are connected into the head- 7 ers 2| at points above where the downcomer tubes 55 are connected thereinto. In this form,

I have shown single rows of risers 45 and 52,

and have illustrated the wall tubes as equipped with laterally extending fins.

In the modification illustrated in Fig. 3, I

have shown all of the wall tubes supplied from downcomer tubes 65 leading from the lower portion of the upcomer headers 2|, as illustrated in Fig. 2. r

-In the modification illustrated in Fig. 4, the side wall tubes 38 are supplied by means of downcomers 55, and the front and rear wall tubes 55 and 51 are supplied by means of the downcomers 48, the connections of which to the boiler are as indicated in Fig. 2.

In some instances, it may be desirable to release some of the steam and water mixture discharged into the upcomer boiler headers by the walls, in order to reduce the resistance to flow of the circuit including the front and rear furnace wall tubes, and such relief may-be provided in various ways, as will now appear.-

In the arrangement illustrated in Fig. 5, the relief of the upcomer boiler headers II in Fig. l is accomplished by leading upcomer tubes I from the upper portion of the headers 25 to the steam and water drum of the boiler. As illustrated, I prefer to employ a header 59 to which 'each upcomer header 2|! is connected by a nipple l5 and from which the desired number of upcomer tubes 58 lead to the drum. The relief of the headers it as by means of the connections illustrated in Fig. 5 has the advantage of not only relieving the circuit including the front and rear water walls, but also of relieving the circuit including the upper bank of boiler tubes I 5. Such relief has atendency to induce more of the bottom tubes of the bank II to provide a flow upwardly. Thus the neutral tubes, namely those in which water flow may be either upward or downward, and therefore in danger attimes of burning out because of stagnant flow, are put into a cooler gas zone.

The resistance to flow may be reduced by the direct relief of the downcomer headers I! as illustrated in Figs. 6, 8 and 9, by means of a plurality of downcomer tubes Ii leading from the water space of the drum 23 of the boiler to a header 12, which in turn is connected to the downcomer headers by means of nipples 13. In Fig. 8, I have omitted the nipples 14 shown in Fig. 6. As illustrated in Fig. 9, each header I! may be connected to the header 12 by a nipple l3, and a less number of downcomer tubes 1| may be employed as required for a particular installation. By such relief, circulation in the upper bank of boiler tubes may also be improved in the manner above mentioned. Although the of boiler tubes-and also from the row of riser tubes "a connecting the rear wall'flo to the up- 7 The side wall tubes flamay be connected into the steamand water drum of the boiler as illustrated in Figrl.

88a are connected to deand water .drum, as by -meansofriser tubes. and ti which'are conever,thatin this instance, the upcomer headers ofthelowerbank liaoftheboilerarereplaced byadrum 80, from the lowerportionof which the downcomer tubes Ila lead tothe lower distributor header it. The front wall tubes It deliver into the drum II and may be provided drum, a very eifective separating space for the steam and water is provided.

While I have described the advantages to be realised when employing certain features of my invention in connection with the arrangements illustrated in only some of the figures of the drawings, it is to be understood that such advantages may also be had by employing said features in the arrangements of other figures.

I claim:

1. A steam generating installation comprising in combination a boiler having horizontally inclined boiler tubes and upright end headers into which the tubes are connected, a combustion chamber therebelow, upright steam evaporating tubes defining walls of the combustion chamber.

portionof the boiler, meanslfor '1 boilerwithfreedomtoexpanddownwardlmmeanl for suspending said tubular with freedom to expand downwardly, flexible downcomer tubes 1 leading fromheaders of the bullet for-supplying said tubular wailszandjexible. ,upcomer.

leading from said tubular walk to headers-of the a boiler for delivery. V

r 2. A steam generating installation comprilng in combination a boiler having in-' clinedboiier tubes and, tdowneomerandupeomer headers into which the tubes are connected, a combustion chamber therebelow. upright steam; evaporating tubes defining. wallsof combustion chamber and extending downwardly from the lower portion of the boiler, fixed sup- 7 ports at the level of the upper portion ofthe. boiler, means for suspending. the boiler from said supports with freedom to expand downwardly therefrom, fixed supports atthe level of the upper portim of the steam. evaporating tubes, means, for suspending said tubes from said second mentioned supports with freedom to.expand downwardly therefrom away from the boiler and independently of the expansion of the boiler, downcomer tubes connected into the downcomerheaders of the boiler and tothe steam evaporating 7 tubes for supply, and upcomer tubes connected to the steam evaporating tubes and into the upcomer headers of the boiler for,delivery, said downcomer and upcomer tubes having expansion bends therein. g T

3. A steam generating installation comprising in combination a boiler having horizontally in-.

h clinedboiler tubes and upright sectional end headers into which the tubes are connected, a

combustionchamber therebelow, upright steam evaporating tubes defining a plurality of walls of the chamber, headers into which-the lower ends of said wall tubes are connected, a distributing header separate from said wall heade a downcomer tube leading from each section of the sectional headers at one end of the boiler to' said distribtuing header,-and a plurality of tubes connecting the distributing header to each of the lower headers of the wall tubes.

4. A steam generating installation comprising in combination a boiler having a steam and water drum, upper and lower banks of horizontally inr clined'boiler tubes, and upcomer and downcomer end chambers into which the tubes of said banks" are connected, a combustibn chamber below said 7 boiler, upright steam evaporating tubes defining the front, rear, and side walls of said chamber, means for suspending sald'boiler and said wall tubes with freedom for independent expansion and contraction, a distributing header at the lower portion of the rear wall, bent downcomer tubes leading from the downcomer end chambers of the lower bank of the boiler to said distributing header, supply tubes leading from said distributing header to the wall tubes, bent upcomer tubes leading from the front and rear wall tubes to the upcomer end chambers of the lower bank-of the boiler for delivery, upcomer means leading from the side wall tubes to the steam and water drum of the boiler for delivery and including bent tubes, a multiplicity of nipples connecting the downcomer chambers of the boiler banks together, and a multiplicity of nipples connecting the 'upcomer chambers of the boiler bank together, said combined nipples having a free area therethrough approximating that through the chambers and greater than that of the largest possible single nection with the upcomer headers of the boiler,

and means supplying said tubular walls with water comprising a distributing header separate from the wall headers, downcomer means from the boiler to said distributing header, a plurality oi. nipples leading from the distributing header to the lower header of each side wall, and a plurality of nipples leading fromthe distributing header to the lower header of one 01' the remaining walls.

6. A steam generating installation comprising in combination a boiler having a steam and water drum, upcomer and downcomer end headers, and horizontally inclined'boiler tubes connecting the headers, a combustion chamber, steam evaporating tubes defining a plurality of walls of the chamber, headers into which the lower ends of said tubes connect, upcomer tubes connecting certain 01' the wall tubes to the steam drum, upcomer tubes connecting the remaining wall tubes to the upcomer headers of the boiler, means supplying said tubular walls with water comprising a distributing header separate from the wall means suspending said tubular walls independently oi the boiler.

'7. A steam generating installation comprising in combination a boiler having a steam and water drum, horizontally inclined boiler tubes, and end headers into which said tubes are connected; a

combustion chamber therebelow; upright steam evaporating tubes defining walls of the chamber; upcomer tubes connecting certain of said steam evaporating tubes to the steam,and water drum; the remaining of said steam evaporating tubes having upcomer connection to end headers of the boiler; a distributing header; means providing downcomer connection from the boiler to said.

distributing header; a plurality of tubes providing supply connection from the distributing header to the steam evaporating tubes which have upcomer connection with the steam and. water drum; and a plurality of tubes providing supply connection from the distributing header to the remaining steam evaporating tubes.

8. A steam generating installation comprising in combination a boiler having a steam and water drum, horizontally inclined boiler tubes, and upcomer and downcomer end headers into which said tubes are connected; a combustion chamber therebelow; upright steam evaporating tubes defining walls of the chamber; upcomer tubes connecting certain of said steam evaporating tubes to the steam and water drum; the remaining of said steam evaporating tubes having upcomer connection to the upcomer end headers of the boiler; a distributing header; means providing downcomer connection from the downcomer headers oi the boiler to said distributing header; a plurality of tubes providing supply connection from the distributing header to the steam evaporating tubes which have upcomer connection with the steam and water drum; and a plurality of tubes providing supply connection from the distributing header to the remaining steam evaporating tubes.

FAY HARRY ROSENCRANTS.

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