US2323780A - Honing machine - Google Patents

Description

July 6, 1943.

J. E. KLlNE HONING MACHINE Filed Nov. 27, 1939 5 Sheets-Sheetl l BY 32527 El -/mul,

. 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 J. E. KLINE HoNING MACHINE Filed NOV. 27, 1939 July 6, 1943.

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July 6, 1943.

J. E. KLINE HNING MACHINE Y 5 Sheets-Shree?I 5 NNN \\\\m L Tri.

Filed Nov. 2'?, 1959 Ill www

JM?? Till-222W Mgr Aue-C. TTORNEY$ July 6, 1943. J. E. KLINE 2,323,180

HONING MACHINE Filed Nov. 27, 1959 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 IN VEN TOR I Patented July 6, 1943 KONING MACHINE John E. Kline, Grosse Pointe Farms, Mich., assignor to Micromatic Hone Corporation, Detroit, Mich., a corporation of Michigan Application November 27, 1939, Serial No. 306,209

claims.

My invention relates to metal working machinery, and particularly to a machine which rapidly rough machines and nishes a cylinvided either to the-spindle or the workpiece support to relatively advance the rotating and vibrating tool along the entire surface of the workpiece. The rapid vibration of the honing tool while being rotated produces a grinding and polishing operation wherein the scratch marks from the abrasive surface of the honing stones c oss each other at predetermined angles and are extended into bands so that an exceedingly high polished surface is provided.

In practicing the present invention, a machine bed has a spindle and tool mounted thereon, along with means for driving the tool in rotation. A reciprocal table is mounted on the bed, driven by a cylinder and piston which produces a feed movement of the work over the honing tool. Additional means is provided in the table for supporting and rapidly vibrating the workpiece so that as the workpiece is fed over the tool a rapid movement in reciprocation in the order of a vibratory movement is provided thereto. The resulting compound movement between the rotating honing tool and the vibrating and advancing workpiece is substantially the same as that produced by the tool and machine of the above-mentioned copending application.

The spindle of the machine is mounted in suitable bearings to rotate the honing tool while a piston is mounted therein, controlled by iiuid pressure, for expanding and contracting the abrading stone of the tool. Sutable stop and reversing mechanism is provided on the bed of the machine which may be adjusted to regulate the travel of the table relative to the honing tool. It is within the purview of this invention to mount the work support between a pair of the spindles, one of which may be provided with a honing tool which produces a roughing operation while `the other spindle has a finishing honing tool mounted thereon. The workpiece on the support of the table is rst advanced over the roughing tool and thereafter advanced over the finishing tool while the workpiece is being vibrated.

It is` also within the purview of my invention to have a boring tool mounted on one of the spindles so that the workpiece may be fed thereover to produce a boring operation on its inner cylindrical surface, which surface may thereafter be finished by advancing the table to carry the workpiece over the honing tool, with or without the workpiece being rapidly vibrated.

Accordingly, the main objects of my invention are; to provide a rotating honing tool and a support for a workpiece which advancesthe workpiece over the tool as the workpiece is rapidly vibrated; to provide a horizontal spindle with a honing tool driven in rotation having means on the spindle for expanding and contractinguthe abrading stones of the tool; to drive a spindle in rotation and advance a cylindrical workpiece ovr a tool carried by the spindle while vibrating theworkpiece; .to have a pair of spindles on a machine carrying a roughing and finishing honing tool, respectively, which are driven in rotation and have mounted therebetween a support for a workpiece aligned with said tools having means for first advancing the workpiece over one honing tool and thereafter advancing the workpiece over the other honing tool as the workpiece is vibrated; to provide a machine having a. pair of aligned horizontal spindles which are driven in rotation with a boring tool on one spindle aligned with a honing tool on the other spindle having a workpiece mounted between the tools and aligned therewith so that the workpiece may be advanced first over the boring tool and thereafter over the honing tool as the workpiece is rapidly vibrated during the last advancement; and in general, to provide a machine for rotating a spindle and honing tool as a workpiece is advanced and vibrated over the tool, which is simple in construction, positive in operation, and economical of manufacture;

Other objects and features of novelty of my invention will ybe either specifically pointed out I Fig. 2 is an end view, with parts in section..

of the machine illustrated in Fig. l;

Fig. 3 is an enlarged sectional view of structure, si-milar to that illustrated in Fig. 2, taken on the line 3--3 thereof;

Fig. 4 is a sectional view of the reciprocating illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2;

Fig. 5 is an enlarged sectional View of the spindle of the machine illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2;

Fig. 6 is an enlarged sectional view of the tool secured on the end of the spindle illustrated in Fig. 5;

Fig. is an enlarged broken view of a portion of the machine illustrated in Fig. 2; I

Fig. 8 is a sectional view of the structure illustrated in Fig. 7, taken on the lines 8-8 thereof;

Fig. 9 is a sectional view of the structure illustrated in Fig. 7, taken on the lines 9 9 thereof;

Fig. 10 is a broken plan view of a two-spindle machine, showing a further form which my invention may assume;

Fig. 11 is a view of a two-spindle machine. similar to that illustrated in Fig. 10, showing a further form of this invention, and,

Fig. 12 is a diagrammatic view of a uid control system employed for operating the spindle and bed of the machine illustrated in Fig. 1.

Referring to Figs. 1 to 9 inclusive, I have illustrated a machine I5 as comprising a base I6 having a support I1 thereon, on which a reservoir I6 and motor I9 are mounted. Within the reservoir a pump 2| is mounted in position to be driven by the motor I9 for supplying fluid under pressure to a conduit 22. A pressure regulating valve 23 is mounted on the pump for controlling the pressure of the fluid delivered from the conduit. Upon the frame I6, a housing 24 is mounted and secured in position by the bolts 25. The housing provides a support 26 for the casting 21 in which' a spindle 28 is mounted.

The casting 21 supports a motor 29 which drives through a belt 3| to operate a shaft 32 of the spindle. A suitable guard 33 encompasses the belt 3| and the pulley of the motor and that of the shaft 32. The housing 24 has a pair of slide bars 34 mounted in spaced relation along its longitudinal dimensions on which a table 35 is mounted for movement in reciprocation. A threaded stub shaft 36 is also mounted on the housing 24 between the bars 34 which projects through an aperture in a flange of the table 35. The stub shaft 36 has a stop block 31 thereon which is adjustable longitudinally of the shaft 35 to position the block relative to the length of stroke of the table. A lock nut 38 is provided exteriorly of the housing 24 which clamps the shaft in position after it is adjusted by means of the square head 39 on the end thereof. A cushioning washer 4| is mounted ahead of the block 31 against which the fiange of the table 35 abuts at the end of its stroke.

The table 35 has a piston rod 42 mounted on the flange centrally between the guide bars 34 havinga piston 43 on its opposite end. The piston operates within a cylinder 44 which is secured by a pin 45 to a bracket 46 on the opposite end of the housing. Conductors 41 and 48 provide uid to opposite ends of the cylinder, ahead of the piston 43, for driving the piston and table 35 in reciprocation. The table 35 has T-shaped slots 49 cut in its top face on which a xture 5| is mounted and secured by bolts 52 the heads of which are disposed in the slots. The fixture has a slide 53 thereon in which a workpiece 54 is secured by a clamping element 55. The slide 53 is connected to a pivoted link 56 having its opposite end secured in eccentric relation to the shaft of the motor 51. The rotation of the motor proluces a rapid vibration of the slide 53 and therefore the workpiece 54 as the workpiece and slide are moved with the xture 5| to advance the workpiece over a tool 58 on the spindle 28. The

link 55, as illustrated in Fig. 3, has a slot in which the pivot is adjustable to vary the stroke of the slide.

In Figs. 5 and 6, I have illustrated the spindle 28 and tool 58, the former of which embodies a sleeve 59 supporting bearings 6| in which the left hand end of the shaft 32 is journalled. The opposite end of the shaft 32 is secured to a sleeve 62 by a pin 63. The sleeve rotates in a head 64 having passageways 55 and 66 for a uid which is delivered through apertures 61 and 68, respectively. The fluid is delivered through apertures 69 and 1| of the sleeve 62 on either side of a piston 12 mounted on a piston rod 13. A tool supporting head 14 has a projecting sleeve 15 which is secured within the sleeve 62 over the rod 13.

The tool 58 1s secured by the head 14 and has a plurality of abrasive stones 16 provided with` a sloping inner wall 11 which abuts against the sloping surfaces 16 of the longitudinally movable element 19. The element 19 may be moved longitudinally through adjustment of the head 14 to position the stones 16 radially to substantially the size while the operation of the piston 12 produces an additional movement of the element 13 longitudinally to thereby expand or contract the stones 15 from. the set position. Fluid may be admitted into the space of the sleeve 59 through an opening 82 in the head 54 to lubricate the shaft and bearings. An opening 86.15 provided in the head 64 connected to the annular passageway 83 for draining any oil which may leak past the piston 12.

Referring to Fig. 12, I have illustrated diagrammatically, a uid circuit which is employed for controlling the reciproeation of the table 35 and the reciprocation of the piston 12 of the spindle 23. The uid under pressure is supplied by the pump 22 through a conduit 85 to a pressure regulating valve 86 which controls the speed of reciprocatlon of the table. The uid also passes through a conduit 61 under full pressure from the pump to the port A of a manifold BS. Fluid from the port A of the manifold is conducted through a pressure regulating valve 9i to the forward end of the piston 12 and to the four-way valve 92. The port marked T of the valve 32 returns the fluid t0 the tank or reservoir i6 while the port marked #I delivers fluid to the rear side of the piston 12. A pressure gauge 93 is connected in the circuit to indicate the pressure employed for operating the piston 12.

Fluid pressure from the regulating valve 55 is delivered through a conductor `91| to a fourway valve 95 and through a conductor 96 to the opening F of the manifold. The four-way valve 95 controls the admission of fluid to the opposite ends of the piston 43 for reciprocating the table 35. Pilot lines 91 and 38 are connected to the opposite4 ends of the four-way valve for the purpose of shifting the valve and therefore the ow of fluid. A conduit 99 connects the valve 95 to a port E of the manifold, the pilot lines 91 and 98 being connected to ports B and D thereof. It will be noted that ports C and G of the manifold 89 are connected by conduits to the reservoir or tank I6.

A back pressure valve IDI is connected in the return conduit from the four-way valve for the purpose of building up resistance to the ow of uid ahead of the piston when moving in one direction. A valve |03 controls the starting and stopping of the machine operated by a handle |03. A similar valve |04 controls the ow of duid through the pilot lines 91 and 98 which thereby controls the ilow of fluid to opposite ends of the piston 43. Oil under pressure is introduced through opening A of the manifold through conduit to the port P of the valve |04. When turned in the position illustrated in Fig. 2, uid passes through the valve through the port #I to the pressure side of the valve |02 out through the conduit |06 to the port D of the manifold. From here the huid ows through the conduit 96 to the end of the valve 96 which is shifted to its other position. This permits uid delivered through conduit 94 to pass through the conduit 99 to port E of the manifold from which it is delivered by the conduit |01 to the right hand side of the piston 43 as viewed in the gure.

since the piston rod 42 is present in the cylinder on the left hand side of the piston only. ythe right hand side of the cylinder has substantially twice the capacity as the left.. AccordinglyI the iluid pushed out of the cylinder through theconduit |09 as the piston advances to the left is delivered through the port F of the manifold and the conduit 96 back into the pressure system to be delivered through the conduits 99 and |01 to the right hand end of the cylinder, thereby eliminating the return of such iluid to the reservoir. Approximately at the end of thevstroke, the valve |04 is shifted to have the uid pass from the port #2 through the conduit |09 to the port B of the manifold where it passes through the conduit 91 to the opposite end of the valve 95 to reverse the position of the valve. Fluid now the conduit |08 to the left hand side of the piston 63 as viewed in the figure. The iluid ahead of the piston is forced out through the conduit |01.

to the port E of the manifold, through the conduit 99 to the valve 95 where it passes through the conduit through the back pressure valve |0| into the tank or reservoir i8. The back pressure valve iti is set to maintain a predetermined resistance to the movement of the piston t3 to the right to control the movement of the table 35.

In a T-slotted track H2 within the housing 2d of the machine, a pair of valve sluiting elements are adjustably disposed for the purpose of engaging the fingers on the operating element M3 of the valve itt to shift the valve from one position to the other. By the adjustment of the ilngers in the T-track iii the length of travel of the table is thereby obtained. By adjusting the.pressure control valve 8S and the back pressure valve li, the speed of operation of the table in both directions is controlled.

As illustrated in Figs. 7, 8, and 9, the valve 92 is actuated by a cam H5 which is pivoted on the end of studs ill supported in brackets iid. The

cam may be raised to the position illustrated in.

Fig. 9, out of contact with a roller H on the valve. When the valve is moved downwardly by the surface of the cam H5 or by a manual lever ile operating on a roller |29, iluid passes from the port #i of the valve t2 through the conduit |22 to the left hand end of the piston 12 to move of the valve moves upwardly to connect the con4 duit |22 through the valve and conduit |24 to the port G of the manifold which is connected to a f thumb screw I3 I.

conduit' |25 to the'tank I9. Fluid then passes through the conduit |23 to the right hand side of the piston 12 for retractlng the piston and the piston rod to permit the stones 16 to contract. By shifting the bracket ||6 in the T-track ||2. the position at which the piston 12 is actuated may be controlled to thereby control the position of retraction or expansion of the abrading elements 10.

A rod |26 carried by ithe table 35 is aligned with a. plunger |21 which operates a switch |26. The switch is disposed in the circuit to the' motors .51 and 29 and interrupts the motor operation at the end of the working cycle as the table 36 is reciprocated beyond its. normal working stroke. A sleeve |29 having tapered ends is `adjustable along the rod |26, being secured in position by a By positioning the tube |29 along the rod at a desired point the time of starting and stopping the motors is controlled. A cap |92 is disposed over the end of the plunger |21 to prevent the coolant from passing down the stem to the switch. The coolant is iiltered in the receptacle |33 and is conducted through the pipe |34 to a passageway |35 in the housing 24 from which itis conducted through a flexible tube (not shown) and directed onto the tool when operating on the workpiece. The coolant is pumped from a reservoir |35 disposed below the support |1 in the bottom of the base |6.` The space |36 between the wall of the support I1 and the base |6 provides a return passageway for the coolant which collects withinthe housing 24 and passes through an aperture |31 into the space |36 and the reservoir |35. From here the coolant is pumped through a tube |38 by a pump |39. through a conduit.` MI, to the filter |33. A belt |62 interconnects a pulley |43 on the shaft of the motor i9 to the pulley |49 on the shaft of the pump |39 to drive the pump.

In operation a workpiece 54 is mounted on the slide 53 by the clamp '55 at the time the tool v58 is Y stationary and the abrading stones 16; thereof are in retracted position. When the handle |03 is moved to the left, as viewed in Fig. 1, the table 35 begins to move to the left, which movement causes the plunger |21 to be depressed by the tube |29 on the rod |26 to close the circuit of the switch lid which thereby completes the circuits to the motors 20 andl. The operation of the motor 29 causes the tool 58 to rotate while the operation of the motor 51 produces the rapid reciprocation of the workpiece 5d.

The continued advancement of the table 35 ad varices the workpiece 5d over the tool 58. When the workpiece has advanced over the abrading stones ld a suicient amount, the cam H5 contacts the roller M0 to operate the valve 92 which introduces fluid into the left hand end of the piston 'i2 to cause the piston to move to the right to produce the expansion of the abrading stones 16 into contact with the cylindrical surface of the aperture. Dining the rotation of the tool the workpiece is advanced thereover while it is rapidly vibrated. It is to be understood that in some instances the workpiece may be xedto the support 5| and advanced without vibration with the table 35 over the tool as the tool rotates. As

pointed out hereinabove, during the operation a coolant isv preferably directed over the abrading stones and the surface of the workpiece being' machined. Upon termination of the operation the valve |03 is moved tothe right, the position illustrated,after which the cycle of reciprocation is completed to the right andpcontinues beyond the working stroke. At this instance the valve I2 is shifted to permit the abrading stones 'I6 to contract. The further move-ment of the table 35 to the right produces the operation of switch |28 to interrupt the circuits to the motors 29 and 51 and the rotation of the tool 56 and the vibration of the slide 53 and workpiece 54 is interrupted. The table 35 continues to move to the right until the cylinder reaches the end of the stroke over the piston which is that illustrated when the workpiece B is entirely out of engagement with the tool 58. A handle |45 is attached to the rotor of the valve |05 for operating the valve manually to thereby manually advance the table 35 in any manner which may be desired.

In Fig. 10, I have illustrated a machine |46 embodying a base I4? having a spindle |38 mounted on the right hand end and a spindle |49 is mounted on the left hand end. The tool 58 of the spindles face each other and are in exact aligned relation. The support 5|, having the slide 53 thereon, is mounted on a table between the spindles. Control means are provided for moving the support 5| to'ilrst -move the workpiece over one tool 58 for producing a rough honing operation and thereafter to move the workpiece over the other honing tool to produce the finishing operation. In this manner through a single clamping of the workpiece 54 the. inner cylindrical surface is `rough honed and finish honed without removing the workpiece from the clamping device 55.

In Fig. 1l, I have illustrated a somewhat similar machine |54 having a base |52 and a spindle |53 on one end and a spindle |56 on the other end. The spindle |53 is provided with a honing tool 58 while the spindle |55 is provided with a boring' bar |55. The slide 5| supporting the work.. piece 54 is mounted between the boring bar |55 and the honing tool 58 to be operated by control mechanism to first advance the workpiece 512i over the boring bar |55 and thereafter to advance the workpiece 54 over the honing tool 58 during the later advancement of which the slide 53 may be rapidly vibrated. In this manner the boring and honing operation may be accomplished with a single clamping of the workpiece 55| in the clamping device 55.

It will thus be seen that I have provided a horizontal spindle for driving a honing tool in rotation having means for expanding and contracting the abrading stones thereof. A table is utilized for supporting and advancing a workpiece over the honing tool as it is rotated. The advancement is in the nature of a feed movement 'to have the entire surface honed by the abracling stones of the tool. In addition, a vibratorymovement may be employed with the feed movement of the workpiece to-provide advantageous honing features. Control means are employed for starting and stopping the machine and for starting and stopping the electric motors for rotating the honing tool and for vibrating the workpiecewhich occurs in timed relation with control means for actuating the abrading stones of the tool into expanded and contracted positions. While a machine may be provided with a single spindle and honing tool, it is also desirable to employ the combination of a pair of spindles supporting a roughing and nishing tool in fixed aligned relation mounted on a, base. The base supports the workpiece between the tool and advances the workpiece first over the rough honing tool and thereafter over the nishing honing tool. A boring bar may be driven by one of the spindles so that the workpiece may be bored to approximate diameters and thereafter finished by the honing tool without removing the workpiece from its support.

While I have described and illustrated several embodiments of my invention, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes, omissions, additions, and substitutions may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of my invention, as set forth in the accompanying claims.

What I claim is:

l. A machine for producing a honing operation, including, in combination, a base, a spindle supported on said base for rotational movement. means for driving said spindle, a honing tool disposed on said spindle for rotational movement about a horizontal axis, means in said spindle for expanding and contracting the abrading elements of said tool, a table on said base for supporting a workpiece, means for advancing said table in a horizontal plane and for reciprocating the workpiece at a predetermined rate of speed overl the honing tool, a slide on said table on which the workpiece is supported, and means for rapidly reciprocating said slide relative to the advancement of said table for superimposing a vibratory movement to the workpiece during its movement in advancement.

2. The combination in a honing machine, of a horizontally disposed spindle, means for driving said spindle in rotation, a honing tool having abrading stones driven by said spindle, means within said spindle for expanding and contracting the abrading stones of said honing tool, a work supporting table, means for reciprocating said table to reciprocate the workpiece over the honing tool during the time the tool is rotated and the abrading stones expanded, a slide on said work supporting table, and means for rapidly -reciprocating said slide and the workpiece attached thereto as the workpiece is reciprocated over the abrading stones by said table.

3. The combination in a honing machine, of a horizontally disposed spindle, means for driving said spindle in rotation, a honing tool having abrading stones driven by said spindle, means within said spindle for expanding and contracting the abrading stones, a work supporting slide. a duid system, means actuated by the fluid of said system for moving said slide to advance the workpiece toward and over said honing tool, means for operating said means within the spindle for expanding the abrading elements after the slide has advanced a predetermined amount, means for energizing the driving means for said spindle after the slide has advanced a predetermined amount, a second slide lmounted on said work supporting slide and having the workpiece secured thereto, means for vibrating said second slide and workpieces as they are advanced by said rst slide, and control means for energizing said slide vibrating means at a predetermined point in the advancement ofsaid first slide.

4. The combination in a honing machine, of a horizontally disposed spindle, means for driving said spindle in rotation, a honing tool having abrading stones driven by said spindle, means within said spindle for expanding and contracting the abrading stones, a first slide, a uid system, means actuated by the nuid of said system for advancing said slide relative to' said honing tool, means for energizing the driving means for said spindle after the slide has advanced a predetermined amount,.means for operating said means within the spindle for expanding the abradingelements after the slide has advanced a predetermined amount. a second Slide for supporting a. workpiece mounted on said first slide, means for vibrating said second slide and the workpiece mounted thereon, means for energizing said vibrating means at a predetermined point in the advancement of said first slide, and means for interrupting the rst slide operation after returning it to its initial position, during theareturn movement of which rst slide, the retraction of the abrading elements, the interruption of the rotation of the tool, and the interruption of the vibration of the second slide occurs.

5. The combination in a honing machine, of a horizontally disposed spindle, means for driving said spindieiin rotation, a honing tool having abrading stones driven by said spindle, means within said spindle for expanding and contracting said abrading stones, said means embpdying a piston in a cylinder with a piston rod projecting from the opposite end thereof of such diameter relativeto the cylinder diameter to have the' cylinder on the piston rod side substantially onehalf the uid capacity o1 the opposite side, a control circuit for the admission of uid under like pressure to the cylinder on either side of said piston, and a control valve in the circuit for controlling the admission and withdrawal of uid from the cylinder end opposite to that containing i5 the piston rod.

JOHN E. KLINE.

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