US2322224A

US2322224A - Electric discharge lamp

Info

Publication number: US2322224A
Application number: US247252A
Authority: US
Inventors: James L Cox
Original assignee: Sylvania Electric Products Inc
Current assignee: GTE Sylvania Inc
Priority date: 1938-12-22
Filing date: 1938-12-22
Publication date: 1943-06-22
Anticipated expiration: 1960-06-22

Description

.June 22, 1943. J cox ELECTRIC mscamem LAMP Filed Dec. 22, 1938 JA M55 L. Cox,

' INVENTOR.

ATTORNEY.

Patented June 22, 1943 2,322,224 ELECTRIC nrscmmos LAMP James L. Cox, Danvers, Mass., assignor to Sylvania Electric Products Inc., a corporation of Massachusetts Application December ZZ, 1938, Serial No. 247,252

2 Claims.

This invention relates to electric gaseous discharge lamps, and in particular to such lamps of the tubular type.

An object of the invention is to provide such lamps with a glass end cap directly sealed to the ends of the tube and through which metal contact prongs extend, thus obviating the necessity of cementing an external contact base on the end of the lamp.

Another object is to permit the placing of the electrodes in such a lamp close to the ends of the tube. in order that the discharge may appear to fill the entire length of the tube.

Still another object is to eliminate any pockets at the end of the tube, in which the mercury often used with such lamps might be trapped and kept out of the discharge.

A still further object is to provide a means of inserting an accurately inserted quantity of mercury in such a tube by the use of a metallic bomb; and yet another object is to facilitate starting of the tube.

Other objects and advantages will be apparent from a consideration of the following description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawing in which:

Figure 1 is a sectional elevation of a lamp according to the invention;

Figure 2 is an elevation taken from the end of the tube;

Figure 3 shows an enlarged lengthwise view, partly in section of the bomb used in the invention; and

Figure 4 is a transverse view of the same bomb;

Figure 5 is a side view, in section, of one form of a glass disc, before the wires are sealed through it;

Figure 6 is a front or plan view of the cathode with the bomb placed at the side of, instead of behind, the coiled electrode.

Figure 7 is a side view of the arrangement of Figure 6.

In Figure 1, an elongated glass tube I, has sealed to each of its ends a

glass disc

2, 3, closing the tube. Stiff metal wires 4, 5 are sealed through the glass discs to act as supports for the electrodes 6, 1, inside the tube and as contact prongs outside the sealed envelope. An exhaust tube 8, is attached to at least one of the glass discs. The disc is preferably made concave as at 3, so that the exhaust tube 8, can be sealed flush with the ends of the tube as shown, although the disc may be made fiat, as 2, in which case if an exhaust tube is used with it, the tube will extend out somewhat beyond the ends of the tube,

and may be more easily subject to damage. The electrodes 6, i, may comprise a coiled tungsten wire, coated with one or more of the alkaline earth oxide; and is preferably arranged as a coiled-coil, in order to better hold a sufllcient quantity of the alkaline earth oxide. A form of coiled-coil is described in U. S. Patent No. 2,067,746, issued January 12', 1937, to R. M. Zabel.

Attached to one filament lead-in wire 4, is a small metal bomb 9, containing the quantity of mercury desired to be introduced into the tube. The bomb, shown more clearly in Figure 3, taken in connection with Figure 4, and comprises a metal tube ill of small diameter, of which each end I I, I2, is closed by being flattened or pressed together as shown, with a drop I8, of mercury of the desired quantity in the tubular portion of the bomb, between the flattened end portions. The mercury is thus roughly sealed into the bomb. One flattened end I l, is welded or otherwise attached to one of the, filament lead-in wires 4, as shown in Figure 1, preferably just behind the filament as shown, although it may be placed in front of the filament, that is in the path of the discharge, if desired; or at the side of the filament as in Figures 6 and 7. The mercury remains in the bomb while the lamp is being made and until the lamp is nearly completed. The filament is then brought to the proper temperature and the bomb is heated by it, until the pressure of the heated mercury rises sufliciently to make an opening in the bomb. The mercury then escapes into the lamp atmosphere.

One end ll, of the bomb is preferably welded, or otherwise conductively connected to one lead 4, of the filament, and the other end l2 of the bomb placed close to, but not in contact with, the other filament lead 5. Then when the heating current flows through the filament 6, the drop in voltage across the filament will be present across the small gap between the end l2, of the bomb and thelead 5, of the filament. If the filament voltage is greater than the ionizing voltage of the gas, or at least greater than the resonance potential, the gas in the gap will be excited and will aid in starting the are between the electrodes at each end of the tube.

In Figures 6 and 7, the bomb 9 is placed at the side of, and parallel to the filament I, but it still acts as a starting electrode in the manner Just related. If the voltage between the bomb and any portion of the filament, rises to a voltage above the excitation potential of the gas, the discharge will begin between the portion of the filament above that voltage, and the bomb, and

will aid in starting the discharge as before described. If a bomb is used only at one end of the tube, the improved starting eil'ect above described may be eifected at the other end of the tube also, by placing a wire in the same position as that in which bomb is shown. In fact, if the filament is operated on alternating current it may be well to place a wire beside the filament and connected to the end of the filament opposite that to which the bomb is electrically connected.

Figure 2 can be clearly understood from the description of Figure l. and Figures 3 and 4,

have been described above.

Figure 5 shows a glass disc before the wires are sealed through it. The disc is molded, and has holes I3, ll, for the wires 4, I. Small hubs II, I, are placed around the holes'to facilitate sealing the wires through the holes. The wires are placed through the holes and the hubs are heated by flames or by some other method to seal the glass to the metal. The disc shown in Figure 5, also has a slight annular hub 11, on one side of its rim. This may be butted against the end of the tube I, and in register with it to facilitate sealing the disc to the tube. Such a hub is not essential, however, and the discs shown in Figure 1 do not employ it. Whether or not this hub is used, the end of the tube I and the rim of the disc are heated, butted together, and heated further until the glass softens to effect a seal. The rim of the disc, and the end of the tube, may be heated by directing gas flames on them, or by placing a carbon ring around the region to be sealed and passing an electric current through the carbon to heat it and the glass.

A filling of one or more inert gases, such as argon at a pressure of 3 mm. of mercury or neon at 8 mm., will generally be present in the tube, in addition to any mercury which may be present.

If the lamp envelope is made of a hard or borosilicate glass, the 'metal wires 3, 4, may be of a metal known as fernico" and comprising 54% iron, 28% cobalt, and 18% nickel, or some other metal capable ofsealing through the glass. If

. th glass is softer, such as the lead or lime glasses,

an alloy of iron containing 26% chromium may be used, or an alloy of 37% iron, 25% nickel, 30% cobalt, and 8% chromium.

If ultraviolet light is desired from the envelope. a substantially iron-free borosilicate glass will prove satisfactory.

My glass disc construction enables the electrodes to be brought closer to the ends of the tube than is possible in a tube using the usual reentrant stems of the type common in the lamp industry. This eliminates the dark spaces behind the cathodes, and enables the light from the discharge to fill practically the entire length of the tube, which is especially advantageous if a and disposed substantially adjacent to said coil and parallel to the plane of said coil, at least a portion of said coil projecting forwardly beyond said wire element.

2. A gaseous electric discharge device compris ing an elongated sealed envelope containing a gaseous atmosphere and having a pair of leading-in wires at each end thereof, and a composite electrode disposed within said envelope at each end thereof, each of said electrodes comprising a filamentary coil of a refractory metal having its opposite ends connected to the adjacent leading-in wires and provided with a coating of electron-emissive material, and an auxiliary anode structure comprising a substantially straight metal element extending substantially longitudinally of said filamentary coil and parallel to theplane of said filamentary coil, said straight metal element being electrically connected to one of the adjacent leading-in wires and extending along said filamentary coil and closely adjacent thereto but located nearer the adjacent end of said envelope than at least a portion of said filamentary coil.

JAMES L. COX.