US2318050A - Cutting apparatus - Google Patents

Description

May 4, 1943.

5. E. BQYNTON CUTTING APPARATUS Filed June- 10. 1941 4 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOR S. E. EOy/VTON 0r v E\RC'WIILM ATTORNEY 3 4 a 2 k a 3 V4 2/ m H w u w M M 2 May 4, 1943. s. E. BOYNTON CUTTING APPARATUS Filed June 10, 1941 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENToR s. E. ear/v TON y 1943- s. E. BOYNTON 2,313,050

CUTTING APPARATUS Filed June 10, 1941 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 NYE/V TOR 5.5. way/v ram ATTORNEY Patented May 4, 1943 fi Ti -I ggF'liCi oo'rrmo APPARATUS Stanley E. Boynton, Westfieli N. J., assignor to Western Electric Incorporated,

New York, N. Y., a corporation of NeW York Application June 10, 1941, Serial No. 397,399

l9 Glairns.

plates are usually cut by the aid of a diamond edge saw from quartz crystal blanks. Due to the brittle nature, the granular structure and the natural hardnessofquartz crystal blanks, the cutting of plates of definiteand uniform thickness therefrom is quite difiicult and painstaking. The crystal plates cut from the crystal blanks must be cut with the grain of the blank and when the plates are rather thin difiiculties arise in avoiding breaking the plates before thecut is completed.

An object of the invention-is to provide acutting apparatus which is particularly adapted for efficiently and accurately cutting plates from quartz crystal blanks.

With this and other objects in View, the invention comprises a cutting apparatus including a work or quartz crystal table for the support thereof which, in addition to being mounted for movement intovarious angular positions relative to a driven cutting element, is caused to move arcuately through a cutting operation by the element and simultaneously oscillated to cause substantially point contact betweenthe element and the work, means also being provided toshiftthe support after each cutting cycle to position the work for anew cut.

Other objects and advantages will be apparent from the following detailed description when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings,- wherein Fig. 1 is a side elevational View of the app tus;

Fig. 2 is a top plan view of the apparatus, portions thereof being broken away;

Fig. 3 is a fragmentary sectionalyiewtaken substantially along the line 3-3 ofFig 2;

Fig.4 is a side elevational view of the apparatus, portions thereof being removed to .illustrate thetable and oscillating mechanism in the forwardposition;

Fig. 5 is a side elevational .view of the apparatus similarto Fig-4. showing the tableancl its oscillating mechanismin its rearmost position;

Fig. 6 is a fragmentary sectional .view substantially along the line. 6-6 of Fig. 2; Fig. 7 is a fragmentary sectional view substantially along the 1ine-1..1.of Fig. 2;

taken taken Fig. 8 is a fragmentary detailed'view illustrating the relative position of the" table and the'cutting element at the b,cginning of a cutting cycle;

Fig. 9 illustrates the relative position of the Work a d t P tt n eleme a n re 9 n os la or mprement e Work;

Fig. 10 is a fragmentarydetailed view illustrating the relative positions of the Work and the Quttingelement at the other end of the oscillatory movement Of the .work;

Fig. ,11 is a sji li flll al view of the work illustratinga .com'pletedcut; v

' Fig. 12 is a simple diagram illustrating the electrical as well as the pneumatic control means for the mechanism moving the work isiipporting l o Fig. 13 is a diagram illustrating an operating cycle of the apparatus and the points during which various portionsof the tructure function to automatically carry out the operation of the apparatus; and

Fig. 14 is a fragmentary sectipnal view taken along theline .l 4jl l .o f Fig. 1.

Referring-now to the drawings, attention is first directed to Figs. 1 and 2, .which illustrate a hollow base ll] rnounted upona suitablesupport, such as a table L, and having spaced frames, indicatedgene fallyat lz and l s,;mb iinted thereon by any suitablenieans (not shown) The .frames l2 and 1,3 areidentical instructure'exceptirig that one, the frame l2, ir'night be called a right-hand frame .while the other ncigl'lt be al w tan f am du bathe f ct t channel members of whichthe frames are composed have theiropen sides facing :outwar dly.

In each frame there are yertical channel members Hand ioin datihsirlpw xt emi .by interposed channelrnembers 'lllying upon the upper surface of the base jI -i), .whilethe upper extremitiesof the channel members 15 and '16 of .each frame are joined by a diagonally proi ing h nn .niembe "l8 a ustra e in 1. Shaft supportingbrackets 2| of the contour illustrated in Figs. ;1, .3, f4 a ce re t downwardly in the hollow upper portions of 'their respective vertical rnembers l5 of each frame, wh e h ar s qirel ri dlvby any suitable means such as screws. Similar shaft supporting brackets 22 projectdownwardly in the-hollow portions oftheirrespective vertical frame members lfiand aresimilarly secured "in place. A

suitable shaft :23 extends through the brackets 2 1 and has huts 24 Qthreadedly disposed upon threaded. ends thcreofto secure the shaft 'against d spl cement A. a min l f ig l il i ad d one side by washers 32 and on the other side by sleeves 33, the latter abutting against the bearing brackets 2|. As illustrated in Fig. 3 and also in Fig. 2, the ends of the sleeve 36 have flanges 34 apertured for screws 35 and 35 to secure the flanges to their respective pendulum lever 28, the screws 35 extending through apertures in the levers and threadedly secured to respective end plates 38, closing the ends of the lever and sleeve assemblies on the shaft 23.

Pendulum levers are mounted upon their shafts 25 by the aid of bearings and with a structure identical with the mounting of the pendulum levers 28, upon the shaft 23 and, as illustrated in Fig. 3, including a roller bearing for each pendulum lever 40, a spacing sleeve 4| (Fig; 2) with flange 42 at the ends thereof to receive screws (not shown) to secure the flanges 42 to their respective pendulum levers 40 and also to the end plates 43, completing the mounting structur for the pendulum levers 45 identical with that of the pendulum levers 23.

Returning now to the pendulum levers 23, it will be observed that these levers are joined by an intermediate reenforcing member or plate 45. The lower ends of the lovers. 23 are bent forwardly, providing substantially horizontal portions 41, in the ends of which stub shafts 48 are mounted. The stub shafts 48 assist in supporting rocker arms 53 short of the ends thereof, as illustrated in Fig. 2. These arms extend rearwardly from the stub shafts, are bentinwardly toward each other at like angles for short distances, as indicated at 5| (Fig. 2), and are then provided with apertured portions 53 lying in parallel planes at right angles to the shafts 231 and 25. The portions 53 of the rocker arms 5|] are disposed on bearings similar to the roller bearings 3| in Fig. 3 but not shown, for here again a structure is provided which is identical to the mounting of the pendulum levers 28. This structure includes a shaft 54, similar in structure to the shaft 23, sup- 7 porting near the ends thereof the bearings upon which the portions 53 of the rocker arms are disposed and provided with a spacing sleeve 55 of like structure to the spacing sleeves 30 and 4|, with end flanges 55 apertured to receive screws not shown but similar to the screws 35 and 35 of Fig. 3 to secure the flanges 56 of the spacing sleeve 55 to the portions 53 ofthe rocker arms 55 and also to end plates 51, closing the ends of this assembly. The outer ends of the shaft 54 project through the lower ends of the pendulum levers 4!] and receive nuts 53 and look washers 59 to secure the pendulum levers against displacement on the shaft 54 yet permit relative movement between the shaft and the pendulum levers.

The forward portions of the rocker arms 55, that is, those portions extending forwardly from the stub shafts 48, support stub'shafts 55 which in turn support bearings 6|, similar bearings 52 being also provided for the supporting of the stub shafts 48 in the lower ends of the pendulum levers 28. A support 63 has end portions 34 projecting member in any desired position relative to the support 63.

The table supporting member 69 is of the contour illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2 and has angularly projecting or dovetail portions 15 extending longitudinally thereof and receivable in a dovetail groove 15 (Figs.,l and 8) of a table 18. The table 78 has a downwardly projecting portion 19 (Fig. 8) with a threaded aperture therethrough to serve as a nut for a traversing screw 32. Th table 78 is, therefore, connected to the supporting member 69 through the dovetail portions 15 and the dovetail groove 16, which permit the movement'of the table relative to the supporting member 69 by rotation of the traversing screw 85. The upper portion of the table 18 is square in general contour, having a raised circular portion 83 providing a flat surface upon which work 84, which in the present instance is a quartz crystal blank, may be mounted by any suitable means such as cement, indicated at 85 in Fig. 8. The circular portion 83 of the table has .a central shank 8| extending through an aperture in the table proper 18 to support the portion 83 for circular adjustment. A hand-operated lock screw 86 carried by the table is positioned to engage the shank 8| to lock the portion in any'desired position.

Attention is now directed to the traversing screw and the mechanism for causing rotation thereof. The ends of the traversing screw 85, which are free of threads, are journalled in portions of the table supporting member 69 and provided with suitable means, such as head member 31, to hold the adjusting screw against longitudinal movement. A worm gear 88 (Fig. '7) is mounted upon the traversing screw adjacent one end thereof and interengages a worm 89.

' The worm 89 is fixedly mounted upon a shaft 90,

the latter being journalled i-n bearings 9| of a housing 92 formed as a part of the table supporting member 69 and covered with a plate 93. The forward end of the shaft 90 (Fig.2) projects through the housing 92 and has a hand Wheel 94 mounted thereon for manual rotation of the shaft and, through the worm and worm gear, manual actuation of the traversing screw 80.

' The other end of the shaft 35 has a universal joint 85 connecting it with a portion 91 of a telescopingshaft indicated generally at 98. The other portion 99 of the telescoping shaft 98 is tubular in cross-section, permitting axial movement of the shaft portions 91 and 99 relative to each other yet are. provided with key or spline connections (not shown) assuring simultaneous rotation one with the other. The shaft portion 99 is connected to a shaft ||l| through a universal joint I52. The shaft ||l| is journalled in bearings of a base member I04 (Fig. 6), the latter being rigidly mounted upon the spacing sleeve 55. The other or rearward end of the shaft |U| has a gear I55 mounted for free rotation thereon and which interengages a pinion, I55 of a motor shaft I01. The motor shaft ID! is from a motor I08 mounted upon the support I04.

-oscillated during such cuttingoperations.

Returning again to the'shaft I IJL-a free wheeling clutch IE9 is mounted thereon and formed to causepositive connection between the gear I [I and the shaft .IOI when the motor is driven in one direction but to allow the gear 125 to rotate freely on the shaft when the motor is driven in the opposite direction. The clutch I09 is ofthe conventional type illustrated in Bulletin #131, March 2, 1937, in a catalog published by the Hilliard Corporation, Elmira, New York, entitled The Hilliard Line Clutches and Couplings. In view of .the fact that the clutch Iiillis of awell known commercial type, it is believed that a detailed illustration and description of this clutch is not necessary as long as its function is made clear. The function of "the clutch, as stated above, is to'cause positive connection between the gear I35 and .the shaft Ifll when the motor is driven in one direction and toallowthe gear I05 to rotate freely on the shaft when the motor is driven in the opposite direction.

When the motor I58 is driven in one direction to cause the clutch I59 .to function, lateral adjustment of the table "I8 is brought about. However, during rotation of the motor I38 in the e opposite direction, means is actuatedto cause oscillatory movement of the table I8 through similar movement'iinparted to the support 63. The forward end of the motor IIiShas a driving connection with a lateral shaft H2 upon which eccentric .I I3 is mounted. The driving connection between the motor I58 and the shaft II2 is not shown but this may be composed of suitable gears disposed in the housingof the motor, to cause rotation of the shaft II2 approximately R. P. M. A link I14 (Figs. 1, 2 and 6) has one end connected to the eccentric H3, while the other end, which has a right angle bend therein as shown in Fig. l, is pivotally connected, at II5, to a bracket I 56, the latter being mounted upon the rear wall of the support 63 adjacent thecenter thereof. Therefore, during rotation of the motor I98, the shaft H2 is rotated with the eccentric H3, imparting movement to the link H4 which, through the bracket IIB, will impart an oscillatory movement to the support'63 and the table 18 through the pivotal supporting means for the support 63, namely the stub' shafts fill.

Attention is now directed to a outin element I20 which is rotatably mounted upon ashaft I2I of a motor I22, the latter being supported by bearing brackets I23 connected to the base IE) and formed to house bearings for the shaft IZI. The cutting element I29 may be of any suitable structure, which in thepresent instance is of the type used for cutting stone. A guard I24 is mounted to partially house the cutting element, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2, and a suitable lubricant may be directed through the guard to the cutting element from a supply line I25. It will be understood that the cutting element is disposed at a fixed position and that the work is moved relative thereto.

Description has been given as to how the table 18, supporting the work 84, maybe moved laterally to position the workfor successive cuts by the cutting element and how the table may be A tention is now directed tonne of the means to .move the tablerelative tothe cutting element,

namely the table return moving means which conditions the table feeding means for actuation.

' The table return moving means includes an arm I28integral with one of the pendulum levers,

the cheat" the left (Fig.2) ,"attentforr also'being directed to Figs. 1, 4 and 5, the iunctureof the arm I28 with its lever 40 being adjacent the shaft 25. The'arm I28 is bent, as illustrated in Fig. 2, to present its outer-end to.a piston rod I29, a pivotal-connection being provided between the armand the piston rod. The pistol rod I129 isconnected to a piston I 30 (Fig. 12) which is disposed in a cylinder I3I, the latter beingpiv- 'otally supported 'at.I 32 (Figs.4 and-5) to a bracket -I33, the latter being mounted uponthe base It]. The-cylinder -I 3| is'provided with air under pressure from a supply .line I34 through the control of electricallyoperatedvalve I35 (Figs. land 12) disposed in the line. When the valve I35 is opened, this takin place at a time when the piston I30 is in itsuppermost position, air under pressure will be supplied to the cylinder above the piston to move the piston downwardly at a speed controlled by a needle or pressure relief valve I 36. Through this movement of the piston the piston rod I29 will be moved downwardly, imparting movement to the arm I28 to move the pendulum levers (Figs. 1, 4 and 5) forwardly (clockwise) from the position show-n in'Fig. 5 to the position shown in Fig.4, this movement imparting motion to the pendulum levers 28 through the rocker arms to move the support 63 together with the table 18 into its starting position, as illustrated in Fig. 4. This constitutes means for imparting areturn movement to the table and the work thereon relative to the cutting element I25.

Means is provided to counter-balance the pendulum levers not only intheir return movement but in their feeding 'movement, which will hereinafter be described. The counter-balancing means includes a tension spring I37 which has its lowerend'connected to a hook I33 fixed to the base I6, the upper end of the spring being connected-to an adjustable coupling I39 which connects this end of the spring pivotally, as at mil, to an arm MI. The arm Mlls formed as an integral part of the other pendulum lever 40, that is the onedisposed at the right (Fig. 2), and is of the shapeillustrated in this figure to position the spring I37 beyond the adjacent frame i2. During the oscillatory movement of the pendulum levers-46, moving the table with the work relative to the cutting element, the pivotal connection I40 of-the arm MI and the spring I3! are moved from one side of a dead center, vertically aligned with the shaft 25, to the other side'thereof, to assist in moving the pendulum levers ineither direction they are travelling as soon as the pivotal connection I40 passes the dead centerpoint. The spring I31, therefore, functions to counter-balance the pendulum levers, adding its force to the movement of the levers in either direction to bring about constant speed in the movement of the table and its work relative to the cutting element.

Attention is now directed to the means for moving the table and its associated structures in the feeding direction to move the work relative to the cutting element, to cause the cutting element to cut a path through the work. This feeding means includes a spring I44 which provides the force to move the table and its supporting structures in the feeding direction. The spring I44 has one end connected to a bar 155, the latter being adjustably connected to a wall of the base It), the-spring also being partially housed in the base. The other end of the spring is provided with a circular coil I46 throughv which a ro'd i I-4I-eXt-en'ds. -The rod I4I- is threadediand extends through a sleeve I48, where the rod is provided with nuts I49 which cooperate with the rod in providing an adjustmentto vary the force of the spring I44. The outer end of the rod I4! is connected to a strip I59 which extends almost completely about an eccentric-like block II, where its inner end is fixed to the block by suitable means such as screws I52. The block I5I is of the contour shown in Fig. 1 and is mounted upon a shaft I53 which is journalled in suitable bearings (not shown) disposed in a sleeve I54 (Fig. 2), the latter being supported by arms I55 of a bracket I56 mounted upon the rear wall of the base III. As illustrated in Fig. 2, the shaft I53 is of sufficient length to extend to a position near the center line of the apparatus, where a substantially semi-cylindrical element I58 is mounted thereon for rotation therewith. The element I58 has a strip I59 fixed thereto, as at I68 (Fig. l), and extends inwardly to a point where it is fixed to a pin I6I (Fig. 2), the latter being rotatably supported in the end of an' arm H32 supported by or made integral with the sleeve 55. Through this structure it will be apparent that during the return movement of the table and its associated mechanism the sleeve 55 is moved forwardly with the arm I62, the pin I6I and the strip I59, causing rotation of the element I58 and the shaft I53 a definite distance to cause expansion of the spring I44, through. the block I5I and the strip I58, conditioning this means, including the creation of a desired force in the spring, to function in imparting a feeding motion to the table and the work when the proper time in the operating cycle of the apparatus arrives.

ture such as woven fabric, sheet metal or the like. Duringthe rotation of the shaft I53 oscillatory movement is imparted to a plurality of switch arms I63, I64 and I85 to operate switches I66, I61 and I68, respectively, the function of these switches being hereinafter described.

Attention is now directed to Fig. 12, which illustrates a simple electrical circuit to control the motor I08 and the valve I35. Supply lines I19 and I'll lead into a magnetic switch I72 the operation of which is controlled through a manually operable switch I133. The valve I35 is operated through the energization of a coil I'I5 which is included in an electrical circuit when a relay I16 is energized to close a switch Ill. The relay I15, however, is under the control of the limit switch I6! (Figs. 2 and 12) When the limit switch I6? is closed, through the actuation of its respective switch arm I65 (Figs. 1 and 12) a circuit is completed from the magnetic switch I12 through conductor I79, the switch I61, the relay I15, back to the switch I12, to conductor I86. The energization of the relay I16 will close the switch I'I'I, completing a circuit through the coil I through connection with the conductors I19 and ml), respectively.

The motor I88 is electrically connected to the source of electrical energy, that is the leads I78 and I'll, through the switch I12, by an electrical circuit which includes an electrically operated reversing switch indicated generally at I82, a thermo time delay relay I83 and an automatic time switch I84 in addition to the limit switches I68 and I66. The thermo time delay relay I83 is in the present instance of a commercially known type illustrated in a Catalog E, page 24E, entitled Relays-Timers published by Struthers Dunn Inc., Philadelphia, Penn. Furthermore, the automatic time switch is in the present instance The strips I58 and I59 may be of any suitable strucof a commercially known type known as type TSA-lO, illustrated on page 341 of Catalog GEA-62OA entitled Electrical Equipment for Industry published by General Electric Company. The automatic time switch is electrically connected to the switch I'I2 through conductors I86 and I8! and connected respectively to conductors I19 and I89. Through this switch the time in which the motor I98 is energized is controlled. The length of time desirable for the energization of the motor depends upon the distance of movement of the table during each half of the cycle for the size of work or blank crystal being cut, and to cause the motor to function in conjunction with the table moving means, which is under the control of the magnetic valve I35. The switch I82 is moved into the position shown by a relay I88 and into a reversing position by a relay I89. The relay I83 disposed in the reversing circuit controlled by the relay I89 causes the motor I88 to rotate in a reverse direction for a limited time to render the clutch I99 operable to cause operation of the table cross feed mechanism. The reversing of the motor is further controlled by the limit switch I56 through each switch arm I63. The limit switch I68 functions at a desired interval during the operation of the apparatus, to cause resetting of the automatic time switch I84.

Attention is now directed to Fig. 13, which illustrates the functioning of different features of the apparatus during each cycle of operation thereof beginning at the extreme left of this figure, which point may represent the beginning of the operating cycle. From this point the table starts its feeding movement by means of the spring I44. At a point shortly spaced therefrom, representing an interval of time, the motor I88 is energized to cause its rocking motion of the table I8. This continues throughout the feeding motion of the table, moving the work relative to the cutting element. At the center of the table moving cycle, the limit switch I87 operates to open the valve I to admit air under pressure to the piston I38, causing return movement of the table. The piston I38 and the mechanism associatedtherewith act to limit the spring I44, stopping the feeding motion of the table and causing the return motion thereof. The motor I58 continues to oscillate the table during the return movement thereof excepting for a short distance near the end of such movement, indicated in Fig. 13, where the motor is stopped. At this point the limit switch I68 is operated to reset the automatic time switch I84. At the completion of the return movement the limit switch I56 is closed to start the motor in reverse direction, causing the clutch I69 to function to operate the mechanism to bring about a cross feeding of the table to position the work for a new cut by the cutting element. This cross feeding of the table is represented by a horizontal line connecting the end of the return movement with the point representing the beginning of the next operating cycle. At this point, that is, at the beginning of the next operating cycle, the valve I35 is closed to render inoperative the means for returning the table and for holding the table in the forward position, which in turn renders the spring I44 effective to start the feeding movement of the table. At this point the motor I98 is also stopped by the time delay relay, to condition the motor for starting in the opposite direction to again begin its oscillatory movement of the table.

With the diaphragm shown in Fig. 13 as a guide, the operation of the apparatus may be more clearly understood. Let it be assumedthat the table I8 with its associated mechanism is in the forward positionshown in Figs. 1 and 4; the table having been moved laterally for a new cut in the work. To start the table in its feeding direction the valve I35 is closed, rendering the hydraulic means associated therewith inoperative to further move the table forwardly or to hold the table in its forward position and render the spring I44 effective to begin the feeding movement of the work toward the cutting ele ment. The force of the spirng I44 will create a pull on the strip I50 (Fig. l), causing rotation of the shaft I53 through the association-of. the block I5I, causing simultaneous rotation of the element I58, which in turn creates arearward pull on the strip I59. The pull on the strip I59- is applied to the arm I62 (Figs. 2 and 4), causing rearward movement of the sleeve.- 55. The sleeve 55, through its shaft 54, causes counterclockwise movement of the pendulum levers 28 and, through the rocker arms, causes counterclockwise movement of the pendulum levers 40; These movements of the pendulum levers about their shafts 23 and 25' create an oscillatory movement which is imparted to the support 63 supported between the forward ends of the rocker arms 50. The combined motions of the pendulum levers results in the movement of the table It, andv the work mounted thereon, throughv an arc represented by the bottom of a; cut I92 illustrated in Fig. 11. Therefore, the movement imparted. to the table by the cooperation of the pendulum levers about their individual axes moves'the' work through the arc to cause the cutting element to leave an uncut portion beginning at an edge indicated at I93 (Fig. 11) and ending at an edge I94, the intermediate portion, however, increasing in thickness between these edges to a sufficient thickness adjacent the center to support the thin plate being cut from the blank during the complete cutting operation and. until all of the cuts in the blank have been completed. In cutting work such as quartz crystal, it is important that unnecessary friction between the cutting element and the work be eliminated, to avoid burning. To avoid this difliculty while making a straight out through a quartz crystaLw-herethe periphery of the cutting element will engage the work for a considerable distance, it is necessary to reduce the speed of rotation of the cutting element and thus the resulting speed of operation of an apparatus, to eliminate a high degree of friction and burning. This di'fiiculty is eliminated and the friction is reduced to aminimum by imparting an oscillatory or rocking movement to the table and thus to the work during the feeding operation. Such movement is imparted to the table and work through the motor I08, its eccentric I I3, the link I I4 and the bracket I I6, which, during the energization of the motor,

will oscillate the support 63 about its pivots,

namely the stub shafts 60, rocking the table I8 and the work 84 to move the work from the position shown in Fig. 9, where the cutting element engages the work at substantially a point contact at the bottom of the out, to a position, illustrated in Fig. 10, where the cutting element engages the work at substantially a point contact at the top of a cut. Similar point contacts are made between the cutting element and the work throughout the rocking or oscillatory movement of the work relative to the cutting element from the'point illustrated in Fig. 9' to the point illustinually imparted to the work throughoutthe trated inFig. 10. This oscillatory motion is confeeding operation as well as the return movement excepting for the intervals of time during each portion of the operating cycle which exist at the beginning of the feeding movement and at the end of the return movement when the motor I is deenergized. During the feeding movement of the table the spring I 31 functions to cancel the weight component of the pendulum levers, to render the spring I44 effective to apply a constant force in moving the work toward the cutting element throughout the feeding movement.

The rotation of the shaft 153, through the force of the spring I44, imparts movement to. the switch armsIGB, I54- and IE5 mounted thereon, these arms being adjustable to vary the time during the operating cycle of the apparatus for the actuating of their respective limit switches. At a; selected time during the feeding movement of the apparatus, the limit switch IG'l isclosed, causing energization of the relay H5 to close the switch I'II (Fig. 12), resulting in the energization of the coil I to open. the valveI3-5. When the valve I35 is opened air under pressure is admitted to the cylinder ISI, forcing the piston I 30 downwardly, which movement is controlled by the needle or pressure relief valve I36 at the bottom of the cylinder, to cause movement of the arm I28. The arm I28, as illustratedin Fig. 5, will be moved clockwise, imparting similar movement to the pendulum levers 4'9, and through the association of the rocker arms 55, impart clockwise movement to the pendulum levers 28. In this manner the table l3 with the work is moved from the position shown in Fig. 5 tothe position shown in Fig. 4, returning the work to the starting position, moving the work. in the same arcuate path that it travelled during its feeding movement. When the table has been returned to its starting position the valve I 35 remains open to hold the spring I44 ineffective to move the table until the lateral adjustment of the table has been completed. The lateral adjustment of the table is brought about through the limit switch I55, reversing the motor I68 through the relay I89 and starting the operation of the thermo time delay relay I83. The motor I03 remains energized in this reverse direction under the control of the relay I83, causing a driving of the pinion we and the gear 35 in reverse directions also. This rotation of the gear I05 results in rendering the clutch Iii-9' effective to operatively connect the gear I55 to the shaft lEl'I, causing rotation of the telescoping shaft 98 to rotate the worm 89 (Figs. 2, 6 and 7). The rotation of the worm 8!! causes rotation of the worm gear 88 and similar rotation of the adjusting screw 85. Through the rotation of the adjusting screw a nut I9 (Fig. 8) is caused to travel laterally to the eft (Fig. 2) a-dist-ance controlled by the relay I83 to: move the work 84 laterally a distance desirable for the next out. When this has been accomplished the relay I33 will close the circuit to the motor I53, deenergizing the motor and thus stopping lateral motion of the table. At this time the valve I35 is closed, rendering the spring I44 effective to again move the table through the feeding cycle of the operation of the apparatus.

Mention was made during the previous feeding cycle of the spring I3! cancelling the weight component of the pendulum levers torender the spring, I 44 efiective' to apply a constant force to the material throughout the feeding cycle.

The spring I31 functions inthe same manner during the return movement of the table, assisting the pneumatic means, namely the piston I30 and its associated parts, to apply a constant force in moving the table and the work to the starting position.

It will be understood that during the operation of the apparatus the motor l22 remains energized, causing continuous rotation of the cutting element, during which time a suitable lubricant may be applied thereto through the supply line I25.

Prior to the cutting of the crystal blank the blank is examined to determine the direction of the grain therein and the blank is marked to indicate the same. After the blank is mounted on the table, the table is adjusted to cause the direction of the grain of the work to be parallel with the cutting element. This adjustment may be brought about through the loosening of the wing nuts 13 (Fig. 1), loosening the bolts 13 (Fig. 14) to permit desired movement of the table supporting member 69 relative to the support I53 which is controlled by the arcuate ribs of the former, riding in the arcuate groove of the latter, and the similar movement of the bolts ill to the desired position, after which the wing nuts 13 may be tightened to secure the table supporting member in the adjusted position on the support. 7

During the operation of the apparatus, it will be understood that two oscillatory movements are imparted to the table, one through the cooperating movements of the pendulum levers and their associated rocker arms to cause formation of the arcuate cut through the work, as illustrated in Fig. 11, the other oscillatory movement being repeatedly applied to the work to constantly shift the point of engagement of the work with the cutting element to cause the arc of the cut to be greater than the engaging arc of the cutting element, to result in substantially point contact between the cutting element and the work. Furthermore, the moving means to move the table relative to the cutting element closed is merely illustrative and may be modified and departed from in various ways without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as pointed out in and limited only by the appended claims.

What is claimed is:

1. In a cutting apparatus, a rotary cutting ele: ment, a table to support work to be cut by the element, means to move the table relative to the element to cause the work to be cut thereby, a power means, means controlled by the power means to cause a swinging ,.movement of the table with the work through an arcuate path while the work is being cut by the element, and means controlled by the power means to cause adjustment of the table laterally of the element to position the work for a new cut.

2. In a cutting apparatus, a rotary cutting element, a table to support work to be cut by the element, means to move the: table relative to the element to cause the work to be cut thereby, an

operable reversible power means, means controlled by the power means when operating in one direction to cause oscillatory movement of the table and work, and means controlled by th power means when operating in a reverse direction to cause adjustment of the table laterally of the element to position the work for a new cut.

3. In a cutting apparatus, a rotary cutting element, a table to support work to be cut by the element, means to move the table relative to the element to cause the work to be cut thereby, an operable reversible power means, means controlled by the power means to cause oscillatory movement of the tabl and the work, and means actuable only when the power means is operating in one direction to cause adjustment of the table laterally of the element to position the work for a new cut.

4. In a cutting apparatus, a rotary cutting element, a table to support work to be cut by the element, an arm to support the table, a lever movable arcuately about a center to cause movement of the arm and table in a path, the said center being disposed'upon one side of the said path, and means to cause the arm to move the table and work relative to the element and through an arc having a center disposed the side of the said path opposite the first mentioned center.

5. In a cutting apparatus, a rotary cutting element, a table to support work to be cut by the element, an arm to support the table, a lever movable through an arc concaved in one direction, and means cooperating with the lever to cause movement of the arm to move the table with the work relative to the cutting element through an arc concaved in a direction substantially reverse to the direction of the concaved arc of the lever.

6. In a cutting apparatus, a rotary cutting element, a table to support work tobe cut by the element, an arm to support the table, a pair of levers to support the arm, separate pivotal supporting means for each lever positioned relative to each other and the arm to cause their levers,

when moved to travel through similar arcs and cause the arm to move the table with the work through a substantially reverse are relative to the cutting element, and means to move the levers. r r

'7. In a cutting apparatus, a, rotary cutting element, a table to support work to be cut by the element, an arm to support the table, a plurality of pivotal supports, levers suspended from the supports and connected to the arm in such a manner that movement of the levers through similar upper concave arcs will cause the arm to move the table with the'work through a lower concave are relative to the cutting element.

8. In a cutting apparatus, a rotary cutting element, a table to support work to be out by the element, feeding means to move the table with the work, from a starting position, in a feeding direction relative to the element to effect a cut by the element in the work, additional means to render the feeding means inefiective, return the table with the work to the starting position and hold the table against a feeding movement until the table is moved laterally relative to the element, and means to move the tabl laterally to position the work for a newcut therein by the element.

9. In a cutting element, a rotary cutting element, a table to support work to be cut by the element, feeding means to move the tablewlth the work, from a starting position, in a feeding direction relative to the element to efiect a cut by the element in th work, means to cause oscillatory movement of the table and work relative to the element to cause substantially point contact between the element and the Work, and return means to render the feeding means ineffective and to return the table with the work to the starting position.

10. In a cutting apparatus, a rotary cutting element, a table to support work to be out by the element, feeding means to move the table with the work, from a starting position, in a feeding direction relative to the element to effect a cut by the element in the work, means to cause oscillatory movement of the table and work relative to the element to cause substantially point contact between the element and the work, additional means to render the feeding means ineffective, return the table with the work to the starting position and hold the table against a feeding movement until the table is moved laterally relative to the element, and means to move the table laterally to position thework for a new cut therein by the element.

11. In a cutting apparatus, a rotary cutting element, a, table to support work to be cut by the element, feeding means to move the table with the Work, from a starting position, in a feeding direction relative to the element to effect a cut by the element in th work, means to cause oscillatory movement of the table and work relative to the element to cause substantially point contact between the element and the work, additional means to render the feeding means ineffective, return the table with the work to the startin position and hold the table against a feeding movement until the table is moved laterally relative to the element, and means rendered effective upon the return of the table and work to the starting position to move the table laterally to position the work for a new out therein by the element.

12. In a cutting apparatus, a rotary cutting element, a table to support work to be cut by the element, feeding means to move the table with the work, from a starting position, in a feeding direction relative to the element to effect a cut by the element in the work, return means to render the feeding means ineffective and to return the table with the work to the starting position, lateral moving means to shift the table to position the work for a new out by the element, and means rendered effective during the feeding means to render the return means effective.

13. In a cutting apparatus, a rotary cutting element, a table to support work to be cut by the element, feeding means to move the table with the work, from a starting position, in a feeding direction relative to the element to effect a cut by the element in the work, return means to render the feeding means ineffective and to return the table with the work to the starting position, lateral moving means to shift the table to position the work for a new cut by the element,

and means rendered effective during the return element, a table to support work to be cut by the element, feeding means to move the table with the work, from a starting position, in a feeding direction relative to the element to effect a cut by the element in the work, return means to render the feeding means ineffective and to return the table with the work to the starting position, lateral moving means to shift the table to position the work for a new cut by the element, means rendered effective during the return means to render the lateral moving means effective, and m ans to limit the lateral moving means to limit the distance the table and the work are moved laterally relative to the element.

15. In a cutting apparatus, a rotary cutting element, a table to support work to be cut by the element, feeding means to move the table with the work, from a starting position, in a feeding direction relative to the element to effect a cut by the element in the Work, return means to render the feeding means ineffective and to return the table with the work to the starting position, lateral moving means to shift the table to position the work for a new cut by the element, and means to limit the lateral moving means to limit the distance the table and the Work are moved laterally relative to the element.

16. In a cutting apparatus, a rotary cutting element, a table to support work to be cut by the element, an arm to support the table, a lever suspended from a pivot and movable arcuately thereon to cause movement of the arm and table with the work relative to the cutting element, means to apply a force to the lever to cause movement thereof, and means to cancel the weight; component of the lever to render the moving means effective to apply a uniform force to the lever.

17. In a cutting apparatus, a rotary cutting element, a support for work to be cut by the 7 element during a cutting operation, means to move the support through an arc to thus feed the work to the element during the cutting operation, means operable to rock the support through another are during the cutting operation to minimize the contact between the material and the element, means operable after the cutting operation to move the support to position the work free of the element, and means to move the support relative to the element to position the work for a new cut by the element.

18. In a cutting apparatus, a rotary cutting element, a support for work to be out by the element during a cutting operation, means to move the support through an arc to thus feed the work to the element during the cutting operation, a power means, means actuated by the power means to rock the support through another are during the cutting operation, means operable after the cutting operation to move the work support to position the work free of the element, and means actuated by the power means to move the support relative to the element to position the work for a new cut by the element.

19. In a cutting apparatus, 'a rotary cutting element, a table to support work to be cut by the eieinent, an arm to support the table for oscillatcry movement relative thereto, means to impart movement to the arm to move the table with the work relative to the cutting element to cause the work to be cut thereby, and means actuable during the movement of thetable and Work with the arm to oscillate the table and work through an are relative to the arm and cutting element during the cutting of the work.

STANLEY E. BOYN TON

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