US2315496A - Perforator for wells - Google Patents

Perforator for wells Download PDF

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Publication number
US2315496A
US2315496A US242781A US24278138A US2315496A US 2315496 A US2315496 A US 2315496A US 242781 A US242781 A US 242781A US 24278138 A US24278138 A US 24278138A US 2315496 A US2315496 A US 2315496A
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casing
wells
pump
well
fluid
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US242781A
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Boynton Alexander
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21BEARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/11Perforators; Permeators
    • E21B43/114Perforators using direct fluid action on the wall to be perforated, e.g. abrasive jets

Definitions

  • My invention relates to a means and method of perforating Well casing and of cutting openings through cement and formations of the earth exterior of the casing.
  • An object is to perforate through the well casing, the cement surrounding the casing, if any,
  • Another object is to cut in two casing, liners or other pipe in wells, in order that the upper portion so cut ofi can be recovered.
  • a further object is to free or destroy tools or other objects stuck or lost in wells, in order that such wells may be cleaned and saved.
  • a still further object is to provide increased storage reservoirs in wells which reservoirs will allow large accumulationsof well fluid therein, in order that the static head of well liquid will he kept relatively low while the volume of well fluid available for periodic pumping after such accumulation will be relatively great,
  • the present practice of gun perforating the casing, surrounding cement, and formations beyond, is adapted to puncture the casing, cement, andothcrformations with relatively small openings, usually to /8" in diameter.
  • the diam eter of such gun perforations is practically constant, but, due to the decreasing velocity of the bullets discharged from such guns, the fracture zone around'the bullet holes decreases as the bullets penetrate further into such formations.
  • One of the principal objects of this invention is, not only to penetrate further than bullets can be tired, but to produce openings of increasing diameter at progressively greater distances from. the wells.
  • Fig. l is a longitudinal section through the per forator assembly.
  • Fig. 2 is a transverse section on the line 2-2, Fi 1.
  • Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section through the ele vice in operation and the lower portion of the drill stem or tubing through which the pump fluid is supplied; the well casing, surrounding cement, and adjacent formations being also shown in longitudinal section.
  • nipple l having threaded connection to drill pipe or tubing 5 (see Fig. 3), by means of coupling 6 (also appearing in Fig. 3 only), has a plurality of nozzle t spaced at intervals in opposite sides or nipple 6.
  • Those nozzles are shown to be threadedly engaged through the wall of nipple l, and may be so engaged or disengaged by use oi a pin wrench which may be applied by means of pin holes 21).
  • the central longitudinal opening 2a of each nozzle preferably, tapered
  • each nozzle will be free and unobstructed I by the casing 'i (see Fig. 3), when the pump is started at beginning of the perforating operation.
  • the guide plug 3 having guide fins to, has threaded connection into the lower end of nipple i.
  • the pump is then started and run until free circulation of the mud or muddy water of uniform specific gravity is obtained; the circulation path being, of course, downward in the drill pipe or tubing 5 and upward to the ground surface through the annular space M.
  • Sharp sand, emery grains, adamantine particles or the like, or a suitable blend of such substances is now mixed into the pump fiuid'until a highly abrasive mixture is obtained.
  • Baroid or any other substance adapted to increase specific gravity, may be added to the pump fluid to assist in holding the abrasive substances in suspension.
  • the jets may be removed from the side of nipple i and the opening 3b in guide plug 3 may be transformed into a nozzle pointing downward or at any necessary angle to direct the abrading stream upon the object .to be freed or destroyed.
  • a method of perforating casing comprising the steps of lowering a pipe string into the casing to be perforated, circulating liquid through the string and surrounding annular space until uniform specific gravity of the liquid- 2.
  • H well perforating device comprising a tubular member extending down into the well to the iarea to be perforated, means for closing the lower end of the member'against downward how of liquid therethrough after the member is lowered to a predetermined level in the well, and nozzles in said member opening outwardly therefrom to direct against localized areas of the casing and adjacent formation an abradin liquid pumped downwardly within the tubular member.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)

Description

April v1943- A. BOYNTON 2,315,496
PERFORATOR FOR WELLS Filed Nov. 28, 1938 IIIIIIIIIIIII III I IIIIIII III'I' II II IIII I I I m III III I I IW MIMI! IIIIIIIIMI A rfO/P/VEYS.
l atented Apia race STATES) 3 (Claims.
My invention relates to a means and method of perforating Well casing and of cutting openings through cement and formations of the earth exterior of the casing.
An object is to perforate through the well casing, the cement surrounding the casing, if any,
and penetrate the adjacent productive formations of earth strata in order to admit into the well whatever production such formations may bear.
Another object is to cut in two casing, liners or other pipe in wells, in order that the upper portion so cut ofi can be recovered.
A further object is to free or destroy tools or other objects stuck or lost in wells, in order that such wells may be cleaned and saved.
A still further object is to provide increased storage reservoirs in wells which reservoirs will allow large accumulationsof well fluid therein, in order that the static head of well liquid will he kept relatively low while the volume of well fluid available for periodic pumping after such accumulation will be relatively great,
The recent trend toward drilling wells, particularly oil and gas wells, then setting casing and cementing around it; thereby excluding from the casing all production in the adjacent earth formations, renders some elicient means of cutting through the casing and penetrating the productive formations very important.
The present practice of gun perforating the casing, surrounding cement, and formations beyond, is adapted to puncture the casing, cement, andothcrformations with relatively small openings, usually to /8" in diameter. The diam eter of such gun perforations is practically constant, but, due to the decreasing velocity of the bullets discharged from such guns, the fracture zone around'the bullet holes decreases as the bullets penetrate further into such formations. One of the principal objects of this invention is, not only to penetrate further than bullets can be tired, but to produce openings of increasing diameter at progressively greater distances from. the wells.
One of the most destructive agencies in the rotary method of drilling wells is the abrasive action of sand and other hard particles in the drilling fluid which cuts out the holes in bits, destroys tool joints. and fittings. This destructive agency is employed for a useful purpose in this invention by adding sharp sand; emery grains, particles of adamantine, or the like, to the drilling fluid; thereby making the fluid much more abrasive;
and then discharging it under great pressure through nozzles directed against the well cement surrounding'it, and formations extericr thereof.
I attain these and other objects by mechanism illustrated in the accompanying drawing,
which- Fig. l is a longitudinal section through the per forator assembly.
Fig. 2 is a transverse section on the line 2-2, Fi 1.
Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section through the ele vice in operation and the lower portion of the drill stem or tubing through which the pump fluid is supplied; the well casing, surrounding cement, and adjacent formations being also shown in longitudinal section. I
Similar reference numerals and letters refer to similar parts throughout the several views.
In Fig. l nipple l, having threaded connection to drill pipe or tubing 5 (see Fig. 3), by means of coupling 6 (also appearing in Fig. 3 only), has a plurality of nozzle t spaced at intervals in opposite sides or nipple 6.. Those nozzles are shown to be threadedly engaged through the wall of nipple l, and may be so engaged or disengaged by use oi a pin wrench which may be applied by means of pin holes 21). The central longitudinal opening 2a of each nozzle preferably, tapered,
through each nozzle will be free and unobstructed I by the casing 'i (see Fig. 3), when the pump is started at beginning of the perforating operation.
The guide plug 3, having guide fins to, has threaded connection into the lower end of nipple i. The ball check valve 6, adapted to engage the valve seat 30, has ample clearance to pass between the wall of nipple l and the nozzles 2, because,
' preferably, the ball is dropped into the pipe or tubing after the device has been lowered to oper ating position. This is so, because it is desirable that the opening 311 should be left open while the pipe or tubing is being run into the well, in order that mud or settlings can be washed out by the pump before the cutting stream is directed through the nozzles, which might otherwise hecome choked by such mud or settlings.
In operation, the device is lowered into the casing to the place where it is desired to per-= forate, and allowed to hang suspended, as illustrated in Fig. 3.. The pump is then started and run until free circulation of the mud or muddy water of uniform specific gravity is obtained; the circulation path being, of course, downward in the drill pipe or tubing 5 and upward to the ground surface through the annular space M. Sharp sand, emery grains, adamantine particles or the like, or a suitable blend of such substances, is now mixed into the pump fiuid'until a highly abrasive mixture is obtained. Baroid, or any other substance adapted to increase specific gravity, may be added to the pump fluid to assist in holding the abrasive substances in suspension. When the pump fluid has been charged with enough abrasives to cut rapidly, care being taken to not overload the mud with such substances until it will choke the discharge openings 2a of the nozzles, the ball checl; valve 6, which may be of steel, is dropped into the drill pipe or tubing. When the ball engages the seat 30 all of the pump fiuidis thereby diverted through the openings 2a. In this manner the casing will be quickly perforated. Soon thereafter the cement ii will be out through, and
the formation exterior thereof abraded away for considerable distance. During this operation the cutting fluid doubles back from the point of impact with the cement or formation, passing around the outgoing stream and circulates back to the pump pit, where the fluid is tested, from time to time-and reconditioned as necessary.
If the pump or pumps supply a steady pressure, the opening through the casing, cement, and formation will be approximately cone shaped with the small end of the cone focused at the casing. pump be employed to impart intermittent pressure to the cutting fluid, the pipe or tubing will be elongated at each impulse of the pump and contract to normal length at each cessation of the pump impulse. Consequently, the opening through the casing will be slot shaped, as indicated at Q, and the opening through the cement recent trend to the use of high steam pressures in rotary drilling. furthermore lends itself to the employment of high pump pressures desirable for this type of cutting.
If, however, a single cylinder Ii it is desired to cut the casing l in two, preferably only one nozzle is used, and the pipe or tubing 5 is rotated slowly during the cutting operation.
If it is desired to free or destroy a lost tool or other substance lost in the well the jets may be removed from the side of nipple i and the opening 3b in guide plug 3 may be transformed into a nozzle pointing downward or at any necessary angle to direct the abrading stream upon the object .to be freed or destroyed.
Manifestly, many minor changes in construction can be made within the scope and purpose of the stated objects and appended claims; and I reserve the right to make such changes.
Having thus set out and described my invention, I claim:
l. A method of perforating casing comprising the steps of lowering a pipe string into the casing to be perforated, circulating liquid through the string and surrounding annular space until uniform specific gravity of the liquid- 2. H well perforating device comprising a tubular member extending down into the well to the iarea to be perforated, means for closing the lower end of the member'against downward how of liquid therethrough after the member is lowered to a predetermined level in the well, and nozzles in said member opening outwardly therefrom to direct against localized areas of the casing and adjacent formation an abradin liquid pumped downwardly within the tubular member.
imum nozzling effect is obtained and a maximum acceleration imported to said abrading fluid in the limited space available.
1 I BOYNTON.
US242781A 1938-11-28 1938-11-28 Perforator for wells Expired - Lifetime US2315496A (en)

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Cited By (44)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2436036A (en) * 1944-09-14 1948-02-17 Loyd F Defenbaugh Means for severing well casings and the like in place in the well
US2525391A (en) * 1948-07-12 1950-10-10 Edith L O Neill Apparatus for cutting drill pipes
US2535964A (en) * 1945-07-30 1950-12-26 John J Fleet Means for casing cutting
US2559687A (en) * 1945-03-20 1951-07-10 Jr Gerald B Thomas Apparatus for gun perforating well casing and surrounding unconsolidated formations
US2624409A (en) * 1946-10-26 1953-01-06 Edith L O Neill Cutting apparatus for well conduits
US2642142A (en) * 1949-04-20 1953-06-16 Stanolind Oil & Gas Co Hydraulic completion of wells
US2680487A (en) * 1949-01-04 1954-06-08 Phillips Petroleum Co Method and apparatus for well operations employing hydrogen peroxide
US2732897A (en) * 1956-01-31 musser
US3052298A (en) * 1960-03-22 1962-09-04 Shell Oil Co Method and apparatus for cementing wells
US3066736A (en) * 1960-06-15 1962-12-04 Dresser Ind Hydraulic perforating gun
US3081828A (en) * 1960-07-05 1963-03-19 Thomas E Quick Method and apparatus for producing cuts within a bore hole
US3116800A (en) * 1960-12-12 1964-01-07 Lamphere Jean K Apparatus for conditioning well bores
US3130786A (en) * 1960-06-03 1964-04-28 Western Co Of North America Perforating apparatus
US3145776A (en) * 1962-07-30 1964-08-25 Halliburton Co Hydra-jet tool
US3170517A (en) * 1962-11-13 1965-02-23 Jersey Prod Res Co Fracturing formation and stimulation of wells
US3175613A (en) * 1960-08-26 1965-03-30 Jersey Prod Res Co Well perforating with abrasive fluids
US3193012A (en) * 1961-05-29 1965-07-06 Gulf Research Development Co Method of cutting a notch in an underground formation penetrated by a well
US3224506A (en) * 1963-02-18 1965-12-21 Gulf Research Development Co Subsurface formation fracturing method
US3318395A (en) * 1964-12-28 1967-05-09 Gulf Research Development Co Method and apparatus for cutting a hole in the wall of a well
US3338305A (en) * 1965-02-05 1967-08-29 Halliburton Co Method and apparatus for cutting casing in underwater installations
US3384189A (en) * 1965-12-27 1968-05-21 Gulf Research Development Co Drilling method and compositions therefor
US3384192A (en) * 1965-12-27 1968-05-21 Gulf Research Development Co Hydraulic jet bit
US3393736A (en) * 1966-08-17 1968-07-23 Gulf Research Development Co Well completion method
US3414068A (en) * 1965-12-27 1968-12-03 Gulf Research Development Co Method of treating abrasive-laden drilling liquid
US3416614A (en) * 1965-12-27 1968-12-17 Gulf Research Development Co Hydraulic jet drilling method using ferrous abrasives
US3417829A (en) * 1966-09-16 1968-12-24 Gulf Research Development Co Conical jet bits
US4134453A (en) * 1977-11-18 1979-01-16 Halliburton Company Method and apparatus for perforating and slotting well flow conductors
US4319784A (en) * 1980-06-04 1982-03-16 Conzinc Riotinto Malaysia Sendirian Berhard Apparatus for water jet and impact drilling and mining
US5337825A (en) * 1992-09-09 1994-08-16 Uma Ltd. Method of oil well productivity increase
US5360292A (en) * 1993-07-08 1994-11-01 Flow International Corporation Method and apparatus for removing mud from around and inside of casings
US5366015A (en) * 1993-11-12 1994-11-22 Halliburton Company Method of cutting high strength materials with water soluble abrasives
US5381631A (en) * 1993-04-15 1995-01-17 Flow International Corporation Method and apparatus for cutting metal casings with an ultrahigh-pressure abrasive fluid jet
US5445220A (en) * 1994-02-01 1995-08-29 Allied Oil & Tool Co., Inc. Apparatus for increasing productivity by cutting openings through casing, cement and the formation rock
US5636692A (en) * 1995-12-11 1997-06-10 Weatherford Enterra U.S., Inc. Casing window formation
US5709265A (en) * 1995-12-11 1998-01-20 Weatherford/Lamb, Inc. Wellbore window formation
US5791417A (en) * 1995-09-22 1998-08-11 Weatherford/Lamb, Inc. Tubular window formation
US20060070730A1 (en) * 2004-10-04 2006-04-06 Nord Service, Inc. Device for cutting of slot-like key seats in wells by a hydroabrasive method
US7090153B2 (en) * 2004-07-29 2006-08-15 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Flow conditioning system and method for fluid jetting tools
US20180021922A1 (en) * 2015-02-18 2018-01-25 Ant Applied New Technologies Ag Water-abrasive cutting system
US20180320497A1 (en) * 2016-01-13 2018-11-08 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. High-Pressure Jetting and Data Communication During Subterranean Perforation Operations
US10697263B2 (en) 2017-11-15 2020-06-30 Terydon, Inc. Centering device for a utility tool in a tube or pipe
US10774606B2 (en) 2017-11-15 2020-09-15 Terydon, Inc. Down well pipe cutting device
US10781652B2 (en) 2017-11-15 2020-09-22 Terydon, Inc. Method for cutting a tube or pipe
US11002095B2 (en) 2017-11-15 2021-05-11 Terydon, Inc. Down well pipe cutter having a plurality of cutting heads

Cited By (51)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2732897A (en) * 1956-01-31 musser
US2436036A (en) * 1944-09-14 1948-02-17 Loyd F Defenbaugh Means for severing well casings and the like in place in the well
US2559687A (en) * 1945-03-20 1951-07-10 Jr Gerald B Thomas Apparatus for gun perforating well casing and surrounding unconsolidated formations
US2535964A (en) * 1945-07-30 1950-12-26 John J Fleet Means for casing cutting
US2624409A (en) * 1946-10-26 1953-01-06 Edith L O Neill Cutting apparatus for well conduits
US2525391A (en) * 1948-07-12 1950-10-10 Edith L O Neill Apparatus for cutting drill pipes
US2680487A (en) * 1949-01-04 1954-06-08 Phillips Petroleum Co Method and apparatus for well operations employing hydrogen peroxide
US2642142A (en) * 1949-04-20 1953-06-16 Stanolind Oil & Gas Co Hydraulic completion of wells
US3052298A (en) * 1960-03-22 1962-09-04 Shell Oil Co Method and apparatus for cementing wells
US3130786A (en) * 1960-06-03 1964-04-28 Western Co Of North America Perforating apparatus
US3066736A (en) * 1960-06-15 1962-12-04 Dresser Ind Hydraulic perforating gun
US3081828A (en) * 1960-07-05 1963-03-19 Thomas E Quick Method and apparatus for producing cuts within a bore hole
US3175613A (en) * 1960-08-26 1965-03-30 Jersey Prod Res Co Well perforating with abrasive fluids
US3116800A (en) * 1960-12-12 1964-01-07 Lamphere Jean K Apparatus for conditioning well bores
US3193012A (en) * 1961-05-29 1965-07-06 Gulf Research Development Co Method of cutting a notch in an underground formation penetrated by a well
US3145776A (en) * 1962-07-30 1964-08-25 Halliburton Co Hydra-jet tool
US3170517A (en) * 1962-11-13 1965-02-23 Jersey Prod Res Co Fracturing formation and stimulation of wells
US3224506A (en) * 1963-02-18 1965-12-21 Gulf Research Development Co Subsurface formation fracturing method
US3318395A (en) * 1964-12-28 1967-05-09 Gulf Research Development Co Method and apparatus for cutting a hole in the wall of a well
US3338305A (en) * 1965-02-05 1967-08-29 Halliburton Co Method and apparatus for cutting casing in underwater installations
US3416614A (en) * 1965-12-27 1968-12-17 Gulf Research Development Co Hydraulic jet drilling method using ferrous abrasives
US3384192A (en) * 1965-12-27 1968-05-21 Gulf Research Development Co Hydraulic jet bit
US3414068A (en) * 1965-12-27 1968-12-03 Gulf Research Development Co Method of treating abrasive-laden drilling liquid
US3384189A (en) * 1965-12-27 1968-05-21 Gulf Research Development Co Drilling method and compositions therefor
US3393736A (en) * 1966-08-17 1968-07-23 Gulf Research Development Co Well completion method
US3417829A (en) * 1966-09-16 1968-12-24 Gulf Research Development Co Conical jet bits
US4134453A (en) * 1977-11-18 1979-01-16 Halliburton Company Method and apparatus for perforating and slotting well flow conductors
US4319784A (en) * 1980-06-04 1982-03-16 Conzinc Riotinto Malaysia Sendirian Berhard Apparatus for water jet and impact drilling and mining
US5337825A (en) * 1992-09-09 1994-08-16 Uma Ltd. Method of oil well productivity increase
US5381631A (en) * 1993-04-15 1995-01-17 Flow International Corporation Method and apparatus for cutting metal casings with an ultrahigh-pressure abrasive fluid jet
US5360292A (en) * 1993-07-08 1994-11-01 Flow International Corporation Method and apparatus for removing mud from around and inside of casings
US5366015A (en) * 1993-11-12 1994-11-22 Halliburton Company Method of cutting high strength materials with water soluble abrasives
US5445220A (en) * 1994-02-01 1995-08-29 Allied Oil & Tool Co., Inc. Apparatus for increasing productivity by cutting openings through casing, cement and the formation rock
US5791417A (en) * 1995-09-22 1998-08-11 Weatherford/Lamb, Inc. Tubular window formation
US5709265A (en) * 1995-12-11 1998-01-20 Weatherford/Lamb, Inc. Wellbore window formation
US5636692A (en) * 1995-12-11 1997-06-10 Weatherford Enterra U.S., Inc. Casing window formation
US6024169A (en) * 1995-12-11 2000-02-15 Weatherford/Lamb, Inc. Method for window formation in wellbore tubulars
US7090153B2 (en) * 2004-07-29 2006-08-15 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Flow conditioning system and method for fluid jetting tools
US20060070730A1 (en) * 2004-10-04 2006-04-06 Nord Service, Inc. Device for cutting of slot-like key seats in wells by a hydroabrasive method
US7140429B2 (en) * 2004-10-04 2006-11-28 Nord Service Inc. Device for cutting of slot-like key seats in wells by a hydroabrasive method
US10525569B2 (en) * 2015-02-18 2020-01-07 Ant Applied New Technologies Ag Water-abrasive cutting system
US20180021922A1 (en) * 2015-02-18 2018-01-25 Ant Applied New Technologies Ag Water-abrasive cutting system
US20180320497A1 (en) * 2016-01-13 2018-11-08 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. High-Pressure Jetting and Data Communication During Subterranean Perforation Operations
US10619470B2 (en) * 2016-01-13 2020-04-14 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. High-pressure jetting and data communication during subterranean perforation operations
US10697263B2 (en) 2017-11-15 2020-06-30 Terydon, Inc. Centering device for a utility tool in a tube or pipe
US10774606B2 (en) 2017-11-15 2020-09-15 Terydon, Inc. Down well pipe cutting device
US10781652B2 (en) 2017-11-15 2020-09-22 Terydon, Inc. Method for cutting a tube or pipe
US11002095B2 (en) 2017-11-15 2021-05-11 Terydon, Inc. Down well pipe cutter having a plurality of cutting heads
US11168529B2 (en) 2017-11-15 2021-11-09 Terydon, Inc. Method for a centering device for a utility tool in a pipe or tube
US11286738B2 (en) 2017-11-15 2022-03-29 Terydon, Inc. Method for cutting a tube or pipe
US11414944B2 (en) 2017-11-15 2022-08-16 Terydon, Inc. Down well pipe cutter having a plurality of cutting heads

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