US2311468A - Hydraulic pump assemblage - Google Patents

Description

Feb. 16, 1943. E. M. PFAUsER HYDRAULIC PUMP ASSEMBLAGE Original Filed 001;. 2l, 1939 ZZ Z9 'VENTOR iff wiz ZMKTTORNX/.

remise ret. ie, 'ieee narran stares amaai' cerros HYDRAULIC PUMP ASSEMBLAGE Edward M. Pfauser, Elm Grove, Wis., assigner to Blackhawk Mig. Co., Milwaukee, Wis., a corporation of Wisconsin Original application October 21, 1939, Serial No. 300,501. Divided and this application August 6, 1941, Serial No. 405,664

6 claims.` (C1. 10a-41) The present invention relates generally to improvements in hydraulic systems of the type having a pump operable to withdraw liquid from a reservoir and to deliver the liquid under pressure to a hydraulically actuated device, and also embodying control means for effecting direct re turn of the liquid from the device to the reservoir; and this application is a division ofmy application Serial No. 300,501, filed October 2l, 1939, now Patent No. 2,255,984, granted September 16, 1941.

An object of the present invention is to provide an improved hydraulic pump assemblage which is simple and compact in construction, and which is also highly emcient and flexible in use.

It has heretofore been common practice to utilize hydraulic power systems, each comprising a portable pump and supply reservoir unit, connected by fiexible tubing to an independently portable ram or jack assemblage, for the purpose of performing various operations with the jack.

' 1n this type of portable power equipment, the

liquid supply reservoir is usually associated directly with the pump which is ordinarily manually operable and is adapted to withdraw liquid from the reservoir and to deliver the same under pressure through the connecting tubing to the remotely located jack; and the pump is customarily provided with a by-pass valve for permitting return of liquid directly from the ram or jack to the reservoir independently of the pump displacement chamber. In these prior power systems, it has heretofore been customary to provide for only one speed or uniform displacement by the pump when the piston was being operated at any predetermined speed, and this feature is objectionable when operating the device in cramped quarters, since it does not permit most effective delivery of liquid at the desired pressure to the ram or jack, with minimum eiort on the part of the operator.

It is therefore a morerspeciiic object of my present invention, to provide various improvey ments in the construction and operation of hydraulic jackror ram systems, whereby the pump may be readily operated or manipulated to produce the best results under varying conditions of A further specific object of the present invention is to provide a new and useful reciprocable hydraulicv pump, and improved means for controlling the operation thereof.

Still another specific object of my invention is to provide various improvements in portable hydraulic pump and jack systems., whereby the construction thereof is simpliiied, the operation is facilitated, and the utility is enhanced to the maximum.

These and other specific objects and advantages of the invention Will appear in the course of the following description.

A clear conception of the several features constituting the present improvement, and of the mode of constructing and of utilizing pump-jack hydraulic systems built in accordance with the invention, may be had by referring to the drawing accompanying and forming a part of this specification wherein like reference characters designate the same or similar parts in the various views.

Fig. 1 is a somewhat fragmentary and part sectional view oi a complete hydraulic pump actuated jack system, partial central longitudinal central sections havingvbeen taken through the pump, supply reservoir, and jack.

Fig. 2 is a top view of the pump and of a fragment of the liquid supply reservoir of the system of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is an enlarged transverse vertical section through the pump, taken centrally of the by-pass and system illling valves;

Fig. i is another enlarged transverse section through the pump, taken centrally through the pump displacement chambers;

Fig. 5 is a further enlarged plan view of the rotary control cam for the hydraulic system; and

Fig. 6 is a diagram showing the various elements of the system disposed in a common plane.

While the improvement has been shown and described herein as being speciilcally embodied in a three-speed hydraulic pump and jack system wherein the liquid supply reservoir is directly connected to the pump, it is not my desire or intent to thereby unnecessarily restrict the scope or utility of the invention. i

Referring to the drawing, the improved portable hydraulic power unit or system comprises in general, a manually operable three-speed liquid pump having a casing i0 provided with large and small adjoining bores il, l2 respectively within which large and small integrally united alined pistons Il, Il are simultaneously reciprocable by means of a common actuating handle Il; a liquid .connecting the ram cylinder I with the opposite side of the pump casing I5; and valves for controlling the ilow of liquid from the reser' voir to the pump, from the pump to the jack, and from the pump and jack back to the reservoir.

The improved pump is of the three-speed type,

adapted to either actuate the jack at high speed with minimum power, or at moderate speed with lgreater than minimum but less than'maximum power, or at low speed with maximum power. 'I'his pump assemblage is shown diagrammatically in Fig. 6. and it is to be noted that the large diameter piston I5 has a displacement chamber 24 which is communicable past a suction valve 25 and through a conduit or suction port 25 with the liquid chamber 25 ofthe supply reservoir casing I5, and which is also communi- -cable past a discharge valve 21 and through a port 28 with the exible conduit 25 leading to the l plunger displacement chamber 25 of the jack. The small diameter pump piston I4 has a displacement chamber 55 which is communicable past a suction valve 5I and through another conduit or suction port 52 with the liquid supply chamber 25, and which is also communicable past a discharge valve 55 and through a port 54 with the ilexible conduit 23 and chamber 28. The Iiack displacement chamber 25 and flexible` conduit 23 are communicable through the port 54 and a passage 35 and past a manually operable relief valve 31, through another passage 55 directly with the supply chamber 25, and the passage l5 connects with the passage 55 in advance of the relief valve 31, and has an automatic safety release valve 39 located therein. Above the safety valve 39 is vlocated a removable filler plug 45 upon removal of which fresh liquid such as oil may be introduced into the system through a conduit 4I.

The piston displacement chamber 24 and the space betweenthe suction and discharge'valves 25, 21 0i the larger pump* section, is communicable through a passage 42 and' past a'check valve 45, with a conduit 44 which is in open communication with the supply chamber 25. The piston dis' placement chamber 55 and the .space` between of the valves 45, 45 may be open, or both valves may be closed. Whenboth' lvalves 45, 45 are closed as in the diagram of Fig. 6, and with the relief valve 51 also closed. operation of the pump pistons I5, I4 will cause liquid to be delivered from the supply chamber 25 to the jack by both pistons thus producing maximum speed; whereas if the valve 43 alone is open, the large piston I5 asiaaee will be inactive thus producing minimum speed; while opening of the valve 45 alone will make the small piston I4 inactive thus producing intermediate speed. When the'relief valve 31 is open so as to connect the vconduit 25 with the chamber 25 the spring 22 acting upon the plunger 2i will cause this plunger to force the liquid from the chamber 25 into the chamber 25 thereby causing the wall I1 to move away from the pump, regardless of the position of the jack or of the pump.

'I'he large piston I5 may be packed by means of sealing rings as shown in Figs. 1 and 4, and

the small piston I4 may be sealed against leakage by a packing ring 1 I, so that no, liquid can ordinarily escape from the chamber 24 to atmosphere, or from the chamber to the chamber 24. The valves 25, 21, 5I, 55, 45, 45 are all of the ball type, but need not necessarily be of this speciilc type, and the pump valves 25,21 are-*conned within their zone of action and are accessible by means lof a removable' spaeer12. while the pump valves 5I, 55 are similarly connned by a removable spacer 15, see Figs. 2. 4 and f 6. The valves, 45 and springs 41 are normally coniined by removablel plugs 14lshown in Figs. 3 and 6; and .the safety relief valve 55 is normally held to its seat by a spring 15 the tension of lwhich is adjustable by means of a screw plug 15. see Figs. 3 and 6. The-by-pass or pressure release valve 51 has a spindle provided with a threaded portion 11 coacting with threads on the casing I5, and is operable from the exterior of Y the pump casing vby a handle or lever 15, see Fig.

2. The by-pa'ss valve actuating disk cam 45 is located directly within the liquid supply chamber 25asindicatedinFig.3;andhasaseriesof detents 15 on one face thereof, which are adapted to coact with the valve lifting pins 45, when the cam 45 is rotated, so as to either open one I valve 45, 45 only, or to open both of these valves, or to permit the springs 41 to closeboth valves.

outwardly of the casing I5, and is provided with a handle or lever 5I having a pointer 52 adapted to cooperate with Fig. 2. During normal use of the improved hydraulic apparatus, the reservoir chamber 25, pumpdisplacement chambers and ports, conduit 25, and jack displacement chamber 25 should iirst be completely `filled with suitable liquid such as oil, which may be .admitted to the system upon removal of the plug 45 and through the port-4I. When the System is being thus nlled with oil, the

reservoir tube I5 should be so positioned that the lcentral passage through the floating wall I1 is at the highest point, and a vent plug in this wall should be opened so as to permit free escapev of all air from the hydraulic chambers, passages and conduits. If the plug 45 has been restored and the vent has been closed, and with the jack plunger 2| in retracted position as shown in `llig. 1,2

the iioating wall I1 should assume a position substantially as shown in Fig. l andthe chamber' with correspondingly different powers. Assuming I therotarycam45tobesetasshowninl'lg.6

wherein both relier valves u, u ere in closed position, oscillation of the handle I5 to reciprocate both'pump pistons II.; I4, will cause both' of these pistons to be effective to withdraw liqindications 55 as shown in astuces uid from the chamber 26 and to discharge the same through the conduit 23 to the iaclr displacechamber 29, thereby causing the plunger 2l to move outwardly atmaximum speed. The reciprocating large piston iii will. during its outward stroke, draw liquid through. the passage 2d .past the suction valve 25, and during the reu turn stroke oi the piston the liquid previously introduced into the displacement chamber 243 iwill be discharged -past the valve 2i and through the passage 28 and conduit 23 to the jaclr chamber 2e. During the outward stroke of the piston Id, liquid will be withdrawn from the chamber 2o through the passage 32 and past the suction valve 3i, and upon the return stroke the liquid thus admitted to the chamber 30 will be discharged past the valve 33 through the passage 34 and conduit 23 to the chamber 29. During such reciprocation of the pump pistons, the return valve 31 will, of course, be closed, and the safety valve 3i will also remain closed unless the Ipressure in the chamber 29 becomes excessive, whereupon the valve 33 will automatically open and will permit Cil liquid to escape through the passage 38 to the chamber 26. With both pistons I3, Hlthus reciprocating, the jack plunger 2| will be moved' of liquid ior the Vpump regardless or the disposition thereof. However, when the return valve al' is opened the spring t@ which positively returns the lack plunger El to retracted position, immediately becomes efiective to force the excess liquid bach into the chamr 2d, thereby forcing the wah lli away from the pump in opposition to the atmospheric pressure acting thereon. This action of the jack plunger 2l is positive and taires place regardless of the disposition of the lack,

thereby insuring return of the liquid to the cham ber 2B irrespective oi the' position oi any ci the elements. Both the cam Htl and the return valve 3i are conveniently manipulable from the exterior of the'pump'casing I, and all parts of the assemblage while being well protected during normal use, are readily accessible for inspection. The relief valve 39 prevents damage to delicate parts in case the jack is overloaded, and the entire unit is obviously simple and compact in construction and can be readily manipulated by a novice, and the combined pump and jack system has proven highly successful in actual commercial use.

It should be understood thatv it is .not desired to limit this invention to the exact details of construction or to the precise mode of use, herein shown and described, for various modifications Q within the scope of the claims may occur to per liquid will merely be returned to the chamber 28 past the open valve 46 and through the passages 45, 44. I! the other relief valve 43 is opened by manipulation of thedisk cam 48, and the valve 43 remains closed, then the piston I4 alone will be effective in delivering liquid to the jack displacement chamber ,29. The large piston I3 will not under such conditions withdraw liquid from the chamber 26, and any liquid which may be coniined in the displacement chamber 24 lwill be returned tothe chamber 28 through the passages 42, 44. When the large 4piston I3 is active alone, then the jack plunger 2l is being moved outwardly at an intermediate speed and with somewhat reduced power; but when the small piston Iii alone is active, then the Jack plunger 2i is being moved outwardly at minimum speed but with maximum power. If the rotary cam 48 is adi-usted soas to open both valves 43, 46, operation of the pump will produce no movement of become effective to return the plunger 2l to re=` tracted or inactive position, and the plunger 2l will then force liquid from the chamber 29 through the conduit 23 and passages 34, 35 into the chamber 26.

From the foregoing detailed description it will be apparent that the improved pump is conveniently manipulable and operable to cause the jack plunger 2| to move outwardly at three different speeds. During the suction stroke of each pump piston I3, Il liquid is. of course, withdrawn from the chamber 25, and the reduced pressure caused by these suction strokes, combined with the atmospheric pressure acting upon the side ofthe wall I1 remote from the chamber 2B, will cause the movable wall il to constantly advance toward the pump and to maintain an abundant supply sons skilled in the art. i claim l. In a hydraulic pump, a casing having alined Y concentric bores of diilerent diameters disposed centrally of said casing, apair of alined pistons snugly coacting with said bores to provide independent displacement chambers of dierent capacity, a liquid supply reservoir for said chambers rigidly attached to said casing and projecting laterally from one end of the casing and away froml said bores, a lever pivotally suspended from said casing and being swingable toward and away from said reservoir to simultaneously reciprocate said pistons, a liquid discharge and return line connected to the other end of said casing remote from said reservoir, a set of inlet and outlet valves 0 for controlling the admission of liquid from said 4said bores and being operable to return liquid directly from said line to said reservoir, and a pair of control valves coniined within said casing on the'other side of said bores and being co-operable with said sets of inlet and outlet valves to cause either or both of said pistons to deliver liquid to said line.

2. In a hydraulic pump, a casing having alined concentric bores of different diameters disposed centrally of said casing, a pair of alined pistons snugly coacting .with said bores to provide independent displacement chambers of diil'erent capacity, a liquid supply reservoir for said chambers rigidly attached to said casing and projecting latchambers to said discharge line, a liquid by-Pass valve coniinedwithin said casing on one side of said bores and being operable to return liquid directly from said line to said reservoir, a pair ,or

' similar control valves confined within said casing on the other'side of said bores, and cam means for either independently or simultaneously opening said control valves to cause either or both of said sets of inlet and outlet valves and the corresponding plungers to deliver liquid from said reservoir to said line.

3. In a hydraulic pump, a casing having alined concentric bores of different diameters disposed centrally of said casing, a pair of alined pistons snugly coacting with'said bores to provide independent displacement chambers of different caassises 5. In a hydraulic pump, a casing having alined concentric bores ofdinerent diameters disposed centrally oi' said casing. a pair o! allned pistons snugly coacting with said bores to provide independent displacement-chambers o( diiferent capacity, a liquid supply reservoir for said chambers secured to one end oi' said casing, a lever pivotally suspended from said casing and being swingable to simultaneously reciprocate said pistons, a liquid pacity, a liquid supply reservoir for said chambers rigidly attached to said casing and projecting laterally from one end of the casing and away from said bores, a lever pivotally suspended from said casing and being swingable toward and away from said reservoir to simultaneously reciprocate said pistons, a liquid dischargev and return line connected to the other end of said casing remote from said reservoir, a set of inlet and outlet valves i'or controlling the admission of liquid from said reservoir to each of said chambers and from said chambers to, said discharge line, a liquid by-pass valve connned within said casing on one side oi' said bores and being operable to return liquid directly from said line to said reservoir, a control valve interposed between each of said dispiacement chambers and said reservoir for controlling the opening oi said outlet valves by pressure created by said plungers, and cam means for independently opening said control valves or for permitting simultaneous closure thereof to cause either or both of said valve sets andthe corresponding plungers to deliver liquid from said reservoir to said line.

4. In a hydraulic pump, a casing having alined concentric bores of diii'erent diameters disposed' Y said chambers and fromsaid chambers to said discharge line, a manually operable liquid by-pass valve operableto return liquid directly from said line to said reservoir, a manually operable control valve interposed between each of sld displacement chambers and said reservoir for' controlling the opening of the corresponding outlet valves, and means for selectivelyv opening said control valves.

discharge and return line-connected to the other end of said casing remote from said reservoir, a setot inlet and outlet valves for controlling the admission of liquid trom said reservoir to each of said chambers and from said chambers to said discharge line, a manually operable liquid by-pass valve operable. to return liquid directly from said line to said reservoir, a manually operable control valve interposed between each of said displacement chambers and said reservoir for controlling the opening of the corresponding outlet valves, and a single manually rotatable cam for independently opening said control valves or for per- -mitting simultaneous closure thereof to causeeither or both of said valve sets and the corr'e .'sponding plungers to deliver liquid from said reservoir to said line. p

8.v In a hydraulic pump, a casing having alined concentric bores of dinerent diameters disposed centrally oi' said casing, a pair of alined pistons snugly coacting with said bores to provide independent displacement chambers oi diilerent capacity, a liquid supply reservoir for said chambers secured to one end of said casing. a lever pivotally A suspended from said casing and being swingabie to simultaneously reciprocate laid pistons, a liquid discharge and return line connected to the other end oi' said casing remote from said reservoir, a set of inlet and outlet valves for controlling the admission oi liquid from said reservoir to each of said chambers and from said chambers w said discharge line, a manually operable liquid by-pass valve operable to return liquid directly from said line to said reservoir, a manually operable con trol valve interposed between each oifsaid displacement chambers and said reservoir for cong outlet trolling the opening oi' the co valves, and a single manually rotatable cam for independentlropening said control valves or for permitting simultaneo closure thereof to cause either or both ot said valve sets and the correspondingplungers to' deliver .liquid from said reservoir to said line, said by-pass valve being conilned within said casing on' one side of said chambers and said control valves being connned within the casing on the opposite side of said chambers; v

, EDWARD M. PFAUSER.-

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