US2311073A - Antihalation film - Google Patents

Antihalation film Download PDF

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Publication number
US2311073A
US2311073A US381695A US38169541A US2311073A US 2311073 A US2311073 A US 2311073A US 381695 A US381695 A US 381695A US 38169541 A US38169541 A US 38169541A US 2311073 A US2311073 A US 2311073A
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United States
Prior art keywords
layer
cellulose
dye
antihalation
cellulose acetate
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Expired - Lifetime
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US381695A
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English (en)
Inventor
Gale F Nadeau
Alfred D Slack
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Eastman Kodak Co
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Eastman Kodak Co
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Publication date
Priority to FR956679D priority Critical patent/FR956679A/fr
Application filed by Eastman Kodak Co filed Critical Eastman Kodak Co
Priority to US381695A priority patent/US2311073A/en
Priority to US417530A priority patent/US2326056A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2311073A publication Critical patent/US2311073A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
    • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
    • G03C1/76—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers
    • G03C1/825—Photosensitive materials characterised by the base or auxiliary layers characterised by antireflection means or visible-light filtering means, e.g. antihalation
    • G03C1/835—Macromolecular substances therefor, e.g. mordants

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a photographic film and more particularly to a film provided with antihalation layers.
  • Coatings on the backs of films containing a dye or a superficial dye layer removable in photographic processing solutions are well known for antihalation purposes. Less well known are antihalation layers which are designed to be non-removable.
  • the disadvanta es of the removable types-of coatings are the tendency of some coatings to deposit sludge in processing solutions, the tacky nature of some coatings, the known thermoplastic qualities of other coatings which are in general undesirable, and furthermore, in the case of-certain resinous coatings their tendency to form insoluble products with the antihalation dye.
  • Non-removable antihalation layers have been designed to avoid these difliculties and to prevent the penetration of the dye into and the consequent staining of the support. The success of this practice depends upon the selection of a material, for the dye carrier, which is sufiiciently permeable to processing solutions, yet not soluble, that the dye giving antihalation protection may be completely discharged when desired.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a photographic film with a carrier for an antihalation dye, said carrier being permeable to, but not soluble in, photographic processing solutions.
  • a cellulose ester containing substantially 4-8 acyl groups per C24 cellulose unit of which not more than one is a dicarboxylic acid acyl group and the remainder are aliphatic monobasic acid acyl groups of less than five carbon atoms, accomplishes our objects when used as an antihalation layer in conjunction with a dye.
  • the general method we employ is to-coat a photographic support with an emulsion, joining said emulsion to the support by means of suitable subbing layers.
  • the antihalation layer may also be coated before the emulsion layer.
  • a subbing layer means of'a subbing layer, and on the opposite side, a cellulose acetate antihalation layer containing a dye.
  • Fig. 3 represents a multi-layer color film provided, on one side of a subbed cellulose acetate propionate support, with emulsion layers sensitive to red, green and blue light, and on the opposite side, a cellulose acetate phthalate antihalation layer containing a dye.
  • an antihalation layer consisting of cellulose esters containing substantially 4-8 acyl groups, but not more than one dicarboxylic acid acyl group per Cu cellulose unit, in intimate contact with a dye layer.
  • cellulose esters of this range of acyl content because of their characteristic permeability to water. For instance, cellulose acetates containing more than 8 acyl groups per C24 cellulose unit are not sumciently permeable to aqueous photographic processing solutions to allow quick and complete removal of antihalation dyes.
  • Cellulose acetates containing less than 4 acyl groups per C24 unit are generally too permeable to water, in fact, may be too soluble in water to be of use as components of antihalation layers which are intended to be non-removable.
  • the cellulose ester need not contain any dicarboxylic acid acyl group, provided that it contains 4 to 8 non-dicarboiwlic acid acyl groups. If, however, one of the acyl groups is a dicarboxylic acid acyl group, the ester will contain only 3 to? non-dicarboxylic acid acyl groups.
  • cellulose mixed acid esters In a similar manner we designate cellulose mixed acid esters according to their acyl content.
  • cellulose acetate phthalates containing 4 to 8 acyl groups but not more than one dicarboxylic acid a y sm n P Ca unit are contemplated for use in our invention.
  • Esters-of this class containing less than 4 acyl groups or more than one phtbalyl group per Cu unit are too soluble in photographic processing solutions to be of use in the manner of our invention.
  • those containing more than 8 acyl groups are too impermeable to be used in our invention.
  • esters of aliphatic monobasic acids of more than four carbon atoms are not contemplated in our invention.
  • cellulose esters such as cellulose acetate or nitrate, or mixed esters of cellulose, such as, cellulose acetate propionate and celulose acetate butyrate,
  • Dyes which are removable in ordinary photographic processing solutions are applicable for use in conjunction with the cellulose ester antihalation layers we describe. These dyes are commonly known as fugitive dyes.
  • the dye may be applied to the antihalation carrier layer by dispersing it in an organic solvent such as a mixture of methanol and water; or ethanol, water and methyl Cellosolve in suitable proportions. 7
  • a cellulose ester support III with a subbing layer II which may be gelatin or other suitable material
  • a subbing layer II which may be gelatin or other suitable material
  • Fig. 2 shows a more specific application of our invention wherein the support I! of a cellulose ester is coated with an emulsion layer II adhesively joined to the support by means of a subbing layer H such as gelatin.
  • Fig. 3 shows a multi-layer color film wherein a cellulose acetate propionate support II is provided with the red, green and blue light sensitive emulsion layers II, II and I8, respectively, adhesively joined to the support by means of a subbing layer 14.
  • an antihalation layer ll consisting of a cellulose acetate phthalate, 14-28% acetyl and 044% phthalyl, containing a dye.
  • Example I A film base of cellulose acetate containing 38-42% acetyl is coated with a 3% solution of cellulose acetate, acetyl content 33%, from a mixture of 10 parts of water, 45 parts of acetone, and 45 parts of methanol. Over this layer is applied a fugitive type of dye such as Acid Blue 2B. or a dye of Color Index No. 702, 704, 705, or 707.
  • the solvent mixture for the dye may vary over a fairly wide range, although a mixture of parts of methanol and 10 parts of water is generally satisfactory.
  • Another solvent solution for the cellulose acetate backing layer may consist of 7% water, 83% acetone and 10% methyl Cellosolve.
  • a subbing layer consisting of a resin or a mixture of a resin and a cellulose ester followed by a gelatin layer and a light sensitive emulsion layer.
  • resin containing subbing layers has been more fully described in a prior patent U. S. 2,133,110 and others.
  • a subbing solution. containing gelatin, and which is suitable for coating a gelatin layer over a resin containing layer is also described therein.
  • Example 2 A film base of cellulose acetate propionate containing 16% propionyl and 29% acetyl is coated with a 3% solution of cellulose acetate phthalate, acetyl content 25% and phthalyl 13%, in a mixture of 45 parts acetone and 55 parts of methanol. A ,dye is applied over this layer in the manner described in the preceding example penetrating the layer to a limited extent. On the other side of the support, now provided with an antihalation layer, are coated resin containing and gelatin subbing layers in the manner described in the prior patent cited. We then provide the film with differentially light sensitive emulsion layers which may be sensitized in the natural order and colored complementary to the sensitivity as shown in Fig.
  • a filter dye may be incorporated in one of the layers such as the bluesensitive layer in order to screen the lower layers from radiations which they are not intendedqto record. Also, there may be interposed between the emulsion layers a layer designed to receive a sound record or this record may be printed in one of the emulsion layers. It is obvious that we may reverse or vary the order of deposition of the layers on the support as in an alternative method we coat the emulsion layers on the support before the antihalation and dye layers.
  • Example 3 I tone. Over this is applied a dye such as Acid Blue 3R from a solvent solution containing 2.5% dye in a. mixture of 80% methyl alcohol and 20% water. Similarly, we add to the dye coating solution of the weight of the dye of a basic material such as triethanolamine, diethyl aminoethanol, ammonia, dloctylamine, tributylamine, diamylamine, etc.
  • a basic material such as triethanolamine, diethyl aminoethanol, ammonia, dloctylamine, tributylamine, diamylamine, etc.
  • the photographic elements-described in the foregoing examples are used in any of the well known processes designed to record an image in black-and-whlte or color. After exposure of the materials to an image the elements are usually developed to a negative and during this development or in a subsequent fixing treatment the cellulose ester antihalation layer becomes sufliciently swollen to allow the penetration of the constituent removing the antihalation dye, but the cellulose ester layer is not dissolved.
  • a photographic element free from halation which comprises a support provided with a light sensitive emulsion layer, and an antihalation layer of a water-permeable cellulose ester containing substantially 4 to 6 acyl groups per 24 cellulose unit, of which all are aliphatic monobasic acid acyl groups of less than flve carbon atoms, said layer carrying a light-absorbing dye.
  • a photographic element free from halation which comprises a support provided with a light sensitive emulsion layer, and" an antihalation layer of a water-permeable cellulose ester containing substantially 4 acetyl groups per C24 cellulose unit, said layer carrying a light-absorbing dye.
  • a photographic element free from halation which comprises a cellulose acetate support provided with a light sensitive emulsion layer, and an antihalation layer of a water-permeable cellulose ester containing substantially 4 acetyl groups per C24 cellulose unit, said layer carrying a light-absorbing dye.
  • a photographic element free from halation which comprises a support provided with a light sensitive emulsion layer, and an antihalation layer of a water-permeable cellulose ester containing substantially 6 acyl groups per C24 cellulose unit, said layer carrying a light-absorbing dye.
  • a photographic element free from halation which comprises a support provided with a light sensitive emulsion layer, and an antihalation layer of a water-permeable cellulose ester containing substantially 6 acetyl groups per C24 cellulose unit, said layer carrying a light-absorbing dye.
  • a photographic element free from halation which comprises a cellulose acetate support provided with a light sensitive emulsion layer, and an antihalation layer of a water-permeable cellulose ester containing substantially 6 acetyl groups per C24 cellulose unit, said layer carrying a light-absorbing dye.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)
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US381695A 1941-03-04 1941-03-04 Antihalation film Expired - Lifetime US2311073A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR956679D FR956679A (en, 2012) 1941-03-04
US381695A US2311073A (en) 1941-03-04 1941-03-04 Antihalation film
US417530A US2326056A (en) 1941-03-04 1941-11-01 Antihalation film

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US381695A US2311073A (en) 1941-03-04 1941-03-04 Antihalation film

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US2311073A true US2311073A (en) 1943-02-16

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FR (1) FR956679A (en, 2012)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3206311A (en) * 1961-05-05 1965-09-14 Polaroid Corp Stacked photosensitive elements

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3206311A (en) * 1961-05-05 1965-09-14 Polaroid Corp Stacked photosensitive elements

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR956679A (en, 2012) 1950-02-02

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